English to Welsh Lexicon

<HEAD> <LINK rel="STYLESHEET" href="./main.css" type="text/css"> <TITLE>English to Welsh Lexicon</TITLE>  </HEAD> <BODY BGCOLOR=white> <P> <H1><A NAME="English to Welsh Lexicon">English to Welsh Lexicon</A></H1> <DIV CLASS=TOC><B>Contents:</B><UL> <A HREF="#A">A</A> <A HREF="#B">B</A> <A HREF="#C">C</A> <A HREF="#D">D</A> <A HREF="#E">E</A> <A HREF="#F">F</A> <A HREF="#G">G</A> <A HREF="#H">H</A> <A HREF="#I">I</A> <A HREF="#J">J</A> <A HREF="#K">K</A> <A HREF="#L">L</A> <A HREF="#M">M</A> <A HREF="#N">N</A> <A HREF="#O">O</A> <A HREF="#P">P</A> <A HREF="#Q">Q</A> <A HREF="#R">R</A> <A HREF="#S">S</A> <A HREF="#T">T</A> <A HREF="#U">U</A> <A HREF="#V">V</A> <A HREF="#W">W</A> <A HREF="#Y">Y</A> <A HREF="#Z">Z</A></UL> </DIV><HR> <DIV CLASS="revision"><CENTER><FONT SIZE=-1><A HREF="ChangeLogFiles.html#English to Welsh Lexicon">Revision 1.5</A> of this page, last updated on <A HREF="ChangeLogDate.html#2003/02/20">2003/02/20</A>. <BR> (C)opyright 2003 Mark H. Nodine </FONT></CENTER></DIV><P> The <A TARGET=_top HREF="Legend.html">legend</A> with the abbreviations and conventions can be found in another file. <BR> There are 18778 unique entries in this lexicon, 1694 of which are phrases. <P> Special thanks to Geraint Jones (Rhydychen) for his many comments differentiating the various senses of Welsh words that can be obtained from the same English word. <H2><A NAME="A">A</A></H2> <PRE> aback - (adv.) yn o+l taken aback - (adj.) wedi synnu abandon - (v.) gadael (gadu) [gadaw-; 3.s. gedy, gad; 2.s.imp. gad; 3.s.pres.subj. gato], rhoi'r gorau i { You "gadael i" a person. } abandoned - (adj.) afradlon, ofer abase - (v.) darostwng [darostyng-], gostwng [gostyng-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gostwng], iselhau (iselu) [isel- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>, isel-] abash - (v.) cywilyddio [cywilyddi-] be abashed - (v.) yswilio [yswili-] abate - (v.) gostegu [gosteg-], gostwng [gostyng-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gostwng], lleihau [llei- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] abattoir - (n.) lladd-dy [lladd-dai, m.] abbacy - (n.) abadaeth [-au, f.] abbess - (n.) abades [-au, f.] abbey - (n.) abaty [abatai, m.], mynachlog [-ydd, f.] abbey-land - (n.) abatir [-oedd, m.] abbot - (n.) abad [-au, m.] abbotship - (n.) abadaeth [-au, f.] abbreviate - (v.) byr.hau [byr.- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], talfyrru [talfyri-] abbreviation - (n.) talfyriad [-au, m.] abdicate - (v.) ymddeol [ymddeol-] abdomen - (n.) bol (bola) [boliau, m.], ceudod [m.] abdominal - (adj.) perthynol i'r bol abduct - (v.) dwyn ymaith drwy drais Abergavenny - (prop.n.) Y Fenni aberration - (n.) cyfeiliorn [-au, m.], gwyriad [-au, m.] abet - (v.) ategu [ateg-], cefnogi [cefnog-], cynorthwyo [cynorthwy-] abeyance - (n.) dirymedd dros dro abhor - (v.) casa/u [cas- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>], ffieiddio [ffieiddi-] abhorrence - (n.) atgasedd (atgasrwydd) [m.], ffieidd-dod [m.], ffieiddrwydd [m.] abide - (v.) aros [ar.hos- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, aros- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. erys; 2.s.imp. aros], goddef [goddef-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. goddef], trigo [trig-] { <B>Aros</B> is abide as an <A HREF="./Glossary.html#intransitive verb">intransitive verb</A> meaning dwell. } { <B>Goddef</B> is abide as a <A HREF="./Glossary.html#transitive verb">transitive verb</A>. It is "abide" as in "I cannot abide this." } { <B>Trigo</B> is abide as an <A HREF="./Glossary.html#intransitive verb">intransitive verb</A> meaning dwell. } abiding - (adj.) ar.hosol, gwastadol ability - (n.) abledd [m.], gallu [-oedd, m.], medr [-au, m.] abject - (adj.) dirmygedig, distadl abjure - (v.) gwadu ar lw, ymwrthod a+ ablative - (adj.) abladol ablaze - (adj.) gwenfflam ablaze - (adv.) ar da+n able - (adj.) abl [abl- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], galluog be able - (v.) dichon [def.], gallu [gall-; 3.s. gall, geill; 2.s.imp. gall], medru [medr-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. medr] { "Gallu" is used predominantly in S. Wales. } { "Medru" is used predominantly in N. Wales. Compared to "gallu", it has the additional sense of "know how to". } { <B>Dichon</B> expresses an abstract sort of potentiality: it is usually translated as if it were the adverb "perhaps" (= it might be that). "Fe ddichon fod": it might be (that). There is a school of thought that says that "dichon" is archaic; since I use it myself I do not subscribe to this. } be able to - (v.) gallu [gall-; 3.s. gall, geill; 2.s.imp. gall], medru [medr-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. medr] { "Gallu" is used predominantly in S. Wales. } { "Medru" is used predominantly in N. Wales. Compared to "gallu", it has the additional sense of "know how to". } ablution - (n.) golchiad [-au, m.], puredigaeth [f.] abnegation - (n.) hunanymwadiad [m.], ymwadiad [m.] abnormal - (adj.) anghyffredin, annormal aboard - (adv.) ar fwrdd abode - (n.) anheddfa [anheddfeydd, -oedd, f.], anheddfan (anheddfod) [mf.], anheddle [aneddleoedd, m.], annedd [anheddau, mf.], ar.hosfa [arosfeydd, f.], cartref [-i, -ydd, m.], cartrefle [-oedd, m.], preswyl (preswylfod) [m.], preswylfa [preswylfeydd, f.], trigfa [trigfeydd, f.], trigfan [-nau, f.] abolish - (v.) diddymu [diddym-], dileu [dile-] abolition - (n.) dilead [m.] abominable - (adj.) ffiaidd abominate - (v.) ffieiddio [ffieiddi-] abomination - (n.) ffieidd-dra [m.], ffieiddbeth [-au, m.] aborigines - (n.pl.) cyn-drigolion abort - (v.) erthylu [erthyl-] abortion - (n.) erthyl [-od, m.], erthyliad [-au, m.] abound - (v.) amlhau [aml- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], heigio [heigi-], ymhelaethu [ymhelaeth-] about - (adv.) o ddeutu, oddeutu argue about - (v.) dadlau am beat about - (v.) bwhwman [bwhwman- ?] buffet about - (v.) bustachu [bustach-] debate about - (v.) dadlau am forget about - (v.) anghofio am hear about - (v.) clywed am I'm sorry {about} - (interj.) Mae'n chwith gen i {am}, Mae'n ddrwg gen i {am} remember about - (v.) cofio am round about - (adj.) cwmpasog round about - (prep.) o amgylch say about - (v.) dweud am speak about - (v.) dweud am, siarad am stand about - (v.) sefyllian [sefylli-] talk about - (v.) siarad am, so+n am tell about - (v.) dweud am think about - (v.) meddwl am toss about - (v.) rhwyfo [rhwyf-], ymrwyfo [ymrwyf-] walk about - (v.) ymrodio [ymrodi-] what about? - (inter. pron.) beth am? worry about - (v.) pendroni am about - (prep.) am [amdan- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.5.1. First Conjugation">&prep1</A>], o amgylch, o gwmpas, oddeutu, ogylch, parthed, tua (tuag), ynghylch { <B>Am</B> is "about" when you talk about something. } { <B>O amgylch</B> is "about" when you surround something. } { <B>O gwmpas</B> is "about" when you surround something. } { <B>Oddeutu</B> is "about" in the sense of "approximately", as in "he is about six feet tall". } { <B>Ogylch</B> is "about" when you surround something. } { <B>Parthed</B> is "about" when you talk about something. } { <B>Tua (tuag)</B> is "about" in the sense of "approximately", as in "he is about six feet tall". } { <B>Ynghylch</B> is "about" when you talk about something. } { The "tuag" form is used before vowels. } above - (adv.) fry, uchod { <B>Fry</B> is an absolute sort of "above": a long way up, aloft. } { <B>Uchod</B> (the opposite of "isod") is relative to here. References to places in a list might be "uchod" or "isod" (above or below here). } above all - (adv.) yn anad, yn anad dim above - (prep.) goruwch, uwch, uwchlaw abrade - (v.) ysgraffinio [ysgraffini-] abridge - (v.) byr.hau [byr.- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], cwtogi [cwtog-], talfyrru [talfyri-] abridgment (abridgement) - (n.) talfyriad [-au, m.] abroad - (adv.) allan, ar daen, ar led abrogate - (v.) diddymu [diddym-], dileu [dile-] abrupt - (adj.) diswta, disymwth, serth, swta, sydyn abscess - (n.) casgliad [-au, m.], cornwyd [-ydd, -on, m.], crug [-iau, m.], crynhofa [crynhofeydd, f.] abscond - (v.) dianc (diengyd; dihengyd) [dihang- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, diang- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. dianc], rhedeg i ffwrdd absence - (n.) absen [-nau, mf.], absenoldeb [m.], absenoliad [-au, m.], absenoliaeth [-au, f.] { <B>Absenoldeb</B> is the usual word for "absence". } absent - (adj.) absennol absent oneself - (v.) absennu [absenn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, absen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] absent - (v.) absenoli [absenol-] absolute - (adj.) cwbl, diamodol, hollol absolute - (n.) absolwt [m.], diamod [m.] absolution - (n.) gollyngdod [m.], maddeuant [maddeuannau, m.] absolve - (v.) absolfennu [absolfenn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, absolfen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], gollwng [gollyng-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gollwng], maddau [maddeu-], rhyddhau [rhydd- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] { You cannot use a person as the direct object of "maddau"; a person is always an indirect object and is introduced with "i". Thus, you would "maddau pechod" (forgive a sin), but say "maddewch i mi" (forgive me). } absorb - (v.) amsugno [amsugn-], llyncu [llync-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. llwnc], sugno [sugn-], sychu [sych-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. sych], yfed [yf-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. yf] absorption - (n.) amsugniad [m.], sugniad [m.] abstain - (v.) ymatal [ymatal-; 3.s. ymetyl; 2.s.imp. ymatal], ymgadw [ymgadw-], ymwrthod [ymwrthod-] abstain from - (v.) ymatal rhag, ymgadw rhag, ymwrthod rhag abstain totally - (v.) llwyrymatal [llwyrymatal-], llwyrymwrthod [llwyrymwrthod-] abstainer - (n.) dirwestwr [dirwestwyr, m.] abstemious - (adj.) cymedrol, sobr abstention - (n.) ymataliad [-au, m.] abstinence - (n.) dirwest [-au, m.], ymataliad [-au, m.], ymwrthodiad [m.] abstinent - (adj.) cymedrol, sobr abstract - (adj.) dansoddol, haniaethol abstract - (n.) crynodeb [-au, m.] abstract - (v.) crynodebu [crynodeb-], tynnu [tynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, tyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. tyn, tynn; 2.s.imp. tyn] abstraction - (n.) haniaeth [f.], synfyfyrdod [m.] abstruse - (adj.) astrus, dyrys, tywyll [f. tywell] absurd - (adj.) afresymol, gwrthun (gwrthfun) absurdity - (n.) gwrthuni [m.] abundance - (n.) abledd [m.], amlder (amldra) [m.], cyflawnder [m.], cyfor [m.], digonedd [m.], digonolrwydd [m.], helaethrwydd [m.], llawnder (llawndra) [m.], rhysedd [m.], toreth (toraeth) [f.], wmbredd [m.], ysto+r [ystorau, m.] abundant - (adj.) aml (amal) [aml- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], dibrin, digonol, helaeth, toreithiog weep abundantly - (v.) wylo yn hidl abuse - (n.) camddefnydd [m.], difri%aeth [f.] abuse - (v.) cam-drin [cam-drini-], camarfer [camarfer-], camddefnyddio [camddefnyddi-], difenwi [difenw-], difri%o [difri%-], dilorni [dilorn-] abusive - (adj.) tafotrwg abut - (v.) cydio [cydi-], ffinio ar, ymylu ar abutment - (n.) ateg [-ion, f.], pentan [-au, m.] abysmal - (adj.) affwysol abyss - (n.) agendor (gagendor) [mf.], annwn (annwfn) [m.], mo+r-gerwyn [f.], y dyfnder academic - (adj.) academig (academaidd), athrofaol academical - (adj.) athrofaol academy - (n.) academi [m.], athrofa [-+u, athrofeydd, f.], ysgol [-ion, f.] accede - (v.) cydsynio [cydsyni-], cytuno [cytun-] accede to - (v.) cydsynio a+, cytuno a+ accelerate - (v.) chwimio [chwimi-], cyflymu [cyflym-] accelerator - (n.) chwimiadur [-on, m.], ysbardun [-au, mf.] accent - (n.) acen [-ion, -nau, f.], acennod [-au, f.] { <B>Acen</B> is the kind of accent that lets people know where you are from. } { <B>Acennod</B> is the kind of accent that appears above a letter. } accent mark - (n.) acennod [-au, f.] foreign accent - (n.) llediaith [fm.] secondary accent - (n.) adacen [-ion, f.] accent - (v.) acennu [acenn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, acen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] accented - (adj.) acennog accentuate - (v.) acennu [acenn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, acen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], pwysleisio [pwysleisi-] accentuation - (n.) aceniad [-au, m.], acenyddiaeth [f.] accept - (v.) cymryd (cymeryd) [cymer-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. cymer], derbyn [derbyni-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. derbyn], derbyn yn gymeradwy, hwde (hwre) [def.; 2.s.imp. hwde, hwre; 2.p.imp. hwdiwch, hwriwch] acceptable - (adj.) cymeradwy, derbyniol acceptor - (n.) derbyniwr [derbynwyr, m.], derbynnydd [derbynyddion, m.] access - (n.) acses [mf.], dyfodfa [dyfodfeydd, f.], dyfodiad [-au, m.], mynediad [-au, m.] { <B>Acses</B> is the kind of access related to a fever. } accessible - (adj.) hawdd nesu at, hygyrch { The "at" needs to reflect the gender and number of the thing modified; i.e., either "ato", "ati", or "atyn". } accession - (n.) esgyniad [-au, m.] accessory (accessary) - (adj.) affeithiol, atodol, cyfranogol, cynorthwyol accessory (accessary) - (n.) affeithiwr [affeithwyr, m.], cefnogydd [-ion, m.], cynorthwywr [cynorthwywyr, m.] accidence - (n.) ffurfiant [ffurfiannau, m.] accident - (n.) damwain [damweiniau, f.] accidental - (adj.) damweiniol acclaim - (v.) bloeddio cymeradwyaeth acclamation - (n.) bloddest [-au, f.], cymeradwyaeth [-au, f.] acclivity - (n.) rhiw [-iau, f.] accommodate - (v.) cymhwyso [cymhwys-], lletya [llety-] { <B>Lletya</B> is to accommodate as in to put up for the night. } accommodation - (n.) lle [-oedd, -fydd, m.], llety [-au, m.] accompaniment, musical - (n.) cyfeiliant [cyfeiliannau, m.] accompanist - (n.) cyfeilydd [-ion, m.] accompany - (v.) cyfeilio [cyfeili-], hebrwng [hebryng-] { <B>Cyfeilio</B> is to accompany in a musical sense. } { <B>Hebrwng</B> it accompany in the sense of go with someone. } accomplice - (n.) cynorthwywr mewn trosedd accomplish - (v.) cwblhau [cwbl- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], cyflawni [cyflawn-] accord - (n.) cydfod [-au, m.] accord with - (v.) cydweddu a+, cytuno a+ according to - (prep.) yn o+l of one accord - (adj.) cytu+n own accord - (n.) gwirfodd [m.] accord - (v.) cydweddu [cydwedd-], cytuno [cytun-] accordance with, in - (prep.) yn unol a+ accordingly - (adv.) felly, gan hynny accordion - (n.) acordion [-au, acordiynau, m.] accost - (v.) cyfarch [cyfarch-] account - (n.) adroddiad [-au, m.], cyfrif [-on, -au, m.], hanes [-ion, m.] { <B>Adroddiad</B> is the kind of account you give when you tell about some past experience. } { <B>Cyfrif</B> is the kind of account you keep money in. } { <B>Hanes</B> is the kind of account you give when you tell about some past experience. } audit accounts - (v.) archwilio cyfrifon account - (v.) adlo [adl-], cyfrif [cyfrif-] accountability - (n.) atebolrwydd [m.] accountable - (adj.) atebol, cyfrifol accountant - (n.) cyfrifydd [-ion, m.] accounting - (n.) cyfrifyddiaeth [f.] accoutre - (v.) arfogi [arfog-], taclu [tacl-] accredit - (v.) awdurdodi [awdurdod-], coelio [coeli-], credu [cred-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. cred] { <B>Awdurdodi</B> is accredit in the sense of giving official standing to something. } { <B>Coelio</B> is accredit as in "believe". } { <B>Credu</B> is accredit as in "believe". } accrue - (v.) codi (cyfodi) [cod-, cyfod-; 3.s. cwyd, cyfyd, cod; 2.s.imp. cod, cwyd], deillio [deilli-], digwydd [digwydd-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. digwydd] accumulate - (v.) casglu [casgl-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. casgl], cronni [cronn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cron- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], pentyrru [pentyrr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, pentyr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. pentwr] accumulator - (n.) cronadur [-on, m.] accuracy - (n.) cywirdeb [m.] accurate - (adj.) cywir [cywir- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>] accursed - (adj.) melltigedig (melltigaid), ysgymun accusation - (n.) achwyniad [-au, m.], cyhuddiad [-au, m.] false accusation - (n.) camgyhuddiad [-au, m.] accusative - (adj.) cyhuddol, gwrthrychol { <B>Cyhuddol</B> is accusative in the sense of bring accusations. } { <B>Gwrthrychol</B> is accusative in the grammatical sense. } accuse - (v.) cyhuddo [cyhudd-] accuse falsely - (v.) camgyhuddo [camgyhudd-] accuser - (n.) cyhuddwr [cyhuddwyr, m.] accustom - (n.) ymarfer [-ion, f.] accustom - (v.) arfer [arfer-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. arfer] accustomed - (adj.) cynefin, cynefinol become accustomed - (v.) cynefino [cynefin-] ace - (n.) as [f.] ache - (n.) cur [-iau, m.], gwy+n [gwyniau, m.], poen [-au, mf.] ache - (v.) cnoi [cno- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>; 3.s. cny*; 2.s.imp. cno], gwynegu [gwyneg-], gwynio [gwyni-], poeni [poen-] achieve - (v.) cwblhau [cwbl- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], cyflawni [cyflawn-], gorffen [gorffenn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, gorffen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gorffen] achievement - (n.) camp [-au, f.], cyflawniad [-au, m.] acid - (adj.) siarp, sur [pl. -ion] grow acid - (v.) egru [egr-] acid - (n.) asid [m.], sur [m.], suryn [m.] acidic - (adj.) asidig acknowledge - (v.) addef [addef-], cydnabod [cydna- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.5. The -bod and -fod Endings">&bod</A>], cyfaddef [cyfaddef-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. cyfaddef] acknowledgment - (n.) cydnabyddiaeth [-au, f.] acorn - (n.) mesen [mes, f.] gather acorns - (v.) mesa [mes-] acoustics - (n.) clybodeg [f.] acquaint - (v.) hysbysu [hysbys-] acquaintance - (n.) adnabyddiaeth [-au, f.], cydnabod [m.], cydnabyddiaeth [-au, f.] acquainted - (adj.) cydnabyddus, cynefin acquiesce - (v.) cydsynio [cydsyni-] acquiesce to - (v.) cydsynio a+, dygymod [dygymod-] acquire - (v.) cael (caffael) [irreg.], ennill [enill-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. ennill], magu [mag-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. mag; 3.s.pres. subj. maco] acquisition - (n.) caffaeliad [-au, caffaeliaid, m.] acquit - (v.) rhyddhau [rhydd- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] acre - (n.) acer (acr) [-i, f.], cyfair [cyfeiriau, cyfeiri, m.], erw [-au, f.] acrid - (adj.) chwerw [chwerw- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], llymsur acrimonious - (adj.) cecrus, chwerw [chwerw- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], sarrug acrimony - (n.) chwerwder (chwerwdod; chwerwedd) [m.] across - (adv.) ar groes, trosodd across - (prep.) ar draws act - (n.) act [-au, f.], deddf [-au, f.], gweithred [-oedd, f.] { <B>Deddf</B> is the kind of act passed by a legislative body. } act of opening - (n.) agoriad [-au, m.] act - (v.) actio [acti-], gweithredu [gweithred-], ymddwyn [ymddyg-] action - (n.) cyngaws [cynghawsau, -ion, m.], gweithred [-oedd, f.], gweithrediad [-au, m.] actions - (n.pl.) ymddygiad [-au, m.] active - (adj.) bywiog, esgud, gweithredol, heini, sionc activity - (n.) gweithgaredd [-au, m.], gweithgarwch [m.] actor - (n.) actiwr [actwyr, m.], actor [-ion, m.], chwaraeydd [-ion, m.] actress - (n.) actores [-au, f.] actual - (adj.) gweithredol, gwir, gwirioneddol actuary - (n.) cyfrifydd [-ion, m.], ystadegydd [-ion, m.] actuate - (v.) cyffroi [cyffro- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>; 3.s. cyffry], cymell [cymhell- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cymell- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. cymell], ysgogi (ysgog) [ysgog-; 3.s. ysgyg*] actuator - (n.) cychwynnwr [cychwynwyr, m.] acumen - (n.) craffter [m.], treiddgarwch [m.] acute - (adj.) awchlym, craff, llym [f. llem; pl. -ion; llym- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], tost { <B>Craff</B> is acute in the sense of having keen senses. } { <B>Tost</B> is acute as applied to an illness. } adage - (n.) dihareb [diar.hebion, f.], dywediad [-au, m.] Adam - (prop.n.) Adda adamant - (n.) adamant [m.], diemwnt [m.] adamantine - (adj.) adamantaidd adapt - (v.) addasu [addas-], cyfaddasu [cyfaddas-] adaptation - (n.) cyfaddasiad [-au, m.] adaxial - (adj.) adechelin add - (v.) adio [adi-], atodi [atod-], ychwanegu [ychwaneg-] addendum - (n.) atodiad [-au, m.] adder - (n.) gwiber [-od, f.], neidr [nadroedd, nadredd, f.] addict - (v.) ymroddi (ymroi) [ymrodd-] addicted - (adj.) chwannog addition - (n.) adio [m.], atodiad [-au, m.], ychwanegiad [-au, m.] additional - (adj.) atodol, ychwanegol addle - (adj.) gwag [pl. gweigion] addled - (adj.) clonc, clwc, gorllyd address - (n.) anerchiad [-au, m.], annerch [anerchion, anerchiadau, m.], araith [areithiau, f.], cyfeiriad [-au, m.] { <B>Annerch</B> is address in the sense of a greeting. } { <B>Araith</B> is the kind of address you make in front of an audience. } { <B>Cyfeiriad</B> is the kind of address you live at. } address - (v.) annerch [anerch-; 3.s. annerch], cyfarch [cyfarch-], cyfeirio [cyfeiri-] { <B>Annerch</B> is address in the sense of "address someone on the street". } adduce - (v.) dwyn ymlaen, nodi [nod-] adept - (n.) campwr [campwyr, m.], un cyfarwydd adequate - (adj.) cyfallwy, digonol adhere - (v.) glynu [glyn-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gly+n], ymlynu [ymlyn-] adhere to - (v.) glynu wrth adherent - (n.) ymlynwr [ymlynwyr, m.] adhesion - (n.) glyniad [m.], ymlyniad [m.] adhesive - (adj.) glynol, ymlynol adieu - (n.) ffarwel (ffarwe/l; ffa/rwel) [mf.] adjacent - (adj.) cyfagos adjacent - (adv.) gerllaw adjectival - (adj.) ansoddeiriol adjective - (n.) ansoddair [ansoddeiriau, m.] adjoin - (v.) cydio [cydi-], cyffwrdd [cyffyrdd-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. cyffwrdd] { You "cyffwrdd a+" something. } adjourn - (v.) gohirio [gohiri-], oedi [oed-] adjudge - (v.) barnu [barn-; 3.s. barn, beirn*; 2.s.imp. barn], dyfarnu [dyfarn-] adjudicate - (v.) barnu [barn-; 3.s. barn, beirn*; 2.s.imp. barn], beirniadu [beirniad-] adjudication - (n.) beirniadaeth [-au, f.] adjudicator - (n.) beirniad [beirniaid, m.] adjunct - (n.) atodiad [-au, m.], ychwanegiad [-au, m.] adjure - (v.) tynghedu [tynghed-], tyngu [tyng- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, tyngh- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. twng] adjust - (v.) addasu [addas-], cymhwyso [cymhwys-], unioni [union-] adjustment - (n.) ymaddasiad [-au, m.] administer - (v.) gweinyddu [gweinydd-] administrate - (v.) adweinyddu [adweinydd-] administration - (n.) gweinyddiaeth [-au, f.] administrative - (adj.) adweinyddol, gweinyddol admirable - (adj.) campus, rhagorol admiral - (n.) llyngesydd [-ion, m.] admiralty - (n.) morlys [m.] admiration - (n.) edmygedd [m.] admire - (v.) edmygu [edmyg-] admirer - (n.) edmygwr [edmygwyr, m.], edmygydd [-ion, m.] admission - (n.) addefiad [-au, m.], cyfaddefiad [-au, m.], derbyniad [-au, m.], mynediad [-au, m.] { <B>Addefiad</B> is the kind of admission that announces guilt. } { <B>Cyfaddefiad</B> is the kind of admission that announces guilt. } { <B>Derbyniad</B> is the kind of admission you gain to a location. } { <B>Mynediad</B> is the kind of admission that you gain to a location. } admit - (v.) addef [addef-], cyfaddef [cyfaddef-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. cyfaddef], derbyn [derbyni-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. derbyn] { <B>Addef</B> is admit in the sense of confessing something. } { <B>Cyfaddef</B> is admit in the sense of confessing something. } { <B>Derbyn</B> is to admit in the sense of let in. } admittance - (n.) derbyniad [-au, m.], trwydded [-au, f.] admitted - (adj.) addefedig admixture - (n.) cymysgedd [mf.], cymysgiad [m.] admonish - (v.) ceryddu [cerydd-], rhybuddio [rhybuddi-] admonition - (n.) anogaeth [-au, f.], cerydd [-on, m.], rhybudd [-ion, m.] ado - (n.) ffwdan [f.], heldrin [-oedd, f.], helynt [-ion, f.] adolescence - (n.) adolesens [m.], llencyndod [m.] adolescent - (n.) adolesent [m.], llances [-i, -au, f.], llencyn [m.] adopt - (v.) mabwysiadu [mabwysiad-] adopted - (adj.) mabwysiadol adoption - (n.) mabwysiad [m.] adoptive - (adj.) mabwysiadol adore - (v.) addoli [addol-] adorn - (v.) addurno [addurn-], harddu [hardd-], teca/u [tec- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>] adornment - (n.) addurn [-au, m.], addurniad [-au, m.] adroit - (adj.) deheuig, hyfedr, medrus adulation - (n.) gweniaith [f.], truth [m.] adult - (adj.) mewn oed adult - (n.) oedolyn [oedolion, m.] adulterate - (v.) llygru [llygr-] { (perish} <B>Llygru</B> is perish when something rots. } adulteration - (n.) llygriad [-au, m.] adulterator - (n.) llygrwr [llygrwyr, m.] adulterer - (n.) godinebwr [godinebwyr, m.] adulteress - (n.) godinebwraig [godinebwragedd, f.] adulterous - (adj.) godinebus adultery - (n.) godineb [m.] commit adultery - (v.) godinebu [godineb-] advance - (n.) benthyg [m.], echwyn [-ion, m.] advanced in years - (adj.) mewn gwth o oedran advance - (v.) dyrchafu [dyrchaf-; 3.s. dyrchaif*; 2.s.imp. dyrchaf], rhoi benthyg, symud ymlaen { <B>Dyrchafu</B> is advance in the sense of what you do on the corporate ladder. } { <B>Rhoi benthyg</B> is advance when you give money ahead of time. } { <B>Symud ymlaen</B> is advance in the sense of move forward. } advancement - (n.) budd [-ion, m.], dyrchafiad [-au, m.], lles [m.] { <B>Budd</B> is advancement in the sense of betterment. } { <B>Dyrchafiad</B> is advancement in the sense of promotion. } { <B>Lles</B> is advancement in the sense of betterment. } advantage - (n.) achlysur [-on, m.], lles [m.], llesa+d [m.], llesiant [m.], mantais [manteision, f.] take advantage - (v.) manteisio [manteisi-] advantage - (v.) llesa/u [lles- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>] advantageous - (adj.) llesol, manteisiol Advent - (n.) yr Adfent [m.] advent - (n.) dyfodiad [-au, m.] adventitious - (adj.) damweiniol adventure - (n.) antur [-iau, f.], anturiaeth [-au, f.] adventure - (v.) anturio [anturi-] adventurerer - (n.) anturiaethwr [anturiaethwyr, m.] adventures - (n.) hap ac anap adventurous - (adj.) anturiaethus, anturus adverb - (n.) adferf [-au, f.], rhagferf [-au, f.] adverbial - (adj.) adferfol adversary - (n.) gelyn [-ion, m.], gwrthwynebwr (gwrthwynebydd) [gwrthwynebwyr, m.] adverse - (adj.) adfydus, croes, gelynol, gwrthwynebus adversity - (n.) adfyd [m.], ba+r [m.], cyni [-on, m.], drygfyd [m.] advertise - (v.) hysbysebu [hysbyseb-], hysbysu [hysbys-] advertisement - (n.) hysbyseb [-ion, f.], hysbysiad [-au, m.] advertiser - (n.) hysbysebwr [hysbysebwyr, m.] advice - (n.) cwnsel [-au, -oedd, -i, m.], cyfarwyddyd [cyfarwyddiadau, m.], cyngor [cynghorion, m.] advisable - (adj.) buddiol, doeth [pl. -ion] advise - (v.) annog [anog-; 3.s. annog, ennyg*; 2.s.imp. annog], cynghori [cynghor-], hysbysu [hysbys-] advocate - (n.) bargyfreithiwr [bargyfreithwyr, m.], dadleuwr [dadleuwyr, m.], dadleuydd [-ion, m.], eiriolwr [eiriolwyr, m.] advocate - (v.) cefnogi [cefnog-], dadlau [dadleu-], eiriol [eiriol-], pleidio [pleidi-] adze - (n.) neddau (neddyf) [neddyfau, f.] aerate - (v.) awyro (awyru) [awyr-] aerial - (adj.) awyrol, wybrol aerodrome - (n.) awyrdrom [-au, f.] aeronautical - (adj.) aeronotig aeronautics - (n.) aeronoteg [m.] aesthetic - (adj.) esthetig aesthetics - (n.) estheteg [mf.] afar - (adj.) hirbell from afar - (adv.) o hirbell afar - (adv.) pell, ymhell affable - (adj.) caruaidd, cle+n [cleni- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], hynaws affair - (n.) achos [-ion, m.], helynt [-ion, f.], mater [-ion, m.] affect - (v.) cymryd arno, effeithio [effeithi-], ffugio [ffugi-], menu [men-] { <B>Cymryd arno</B> is affect in the sense of pretending. } { <B>Effeithio</B> is affect in the sense of having an effect on. } { <B>Ffugio</B> is affect in the sense of pretending. } { The "arno" in "cymryd arno" is conjugated to reflect the person doing the pretending, as in "Rydw i'n cymryd arnaf" = "I am pretending". } affectation - (n.) cymhendod [m.], ffug [-ion, m.], maldod [m.], mursendod [m.], rhodres [m.] affected - (adj.) gorddethol, mindlws, mursennaidd, rhodresgar affectedly poetic - (adj.) barddoni%aidd, barddonllyd affection - (n.) affeithiad [-au, m.], cariad [-au, m.], meddylfryd [m.], serch [-iadau, m.] { <B>Affeithiad</B> is the kind of "affection" that occurs in grammar, either of vowels or consonants. } affectionate - (adj.) anwesog, caruaidd, hoffus, serchog, serchus affectionateness - (n.) serchowgrwydd [m.] affective - (adj.) affeithiol affective disorder - (n.) anhwylder affeithiol affiliate - (v.) mabwysiadu [mabwysiad-], tadogi [tadog-], uno [un-] affinity - (n.) cyfathrach [-iadau, f.], tebygrwydd [m.], tras [f.] affirm - (v.) gwirio [gwiri-], haeru [haer-], sicr.hau [sicr.- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], taeru [taer-] { "Sicr.hau" is accented on the final syllable, in contrast to the usual rule. } affirmative - (adj.) cadarnhaol affix - (n.) olddodiad [olddodiaid, m.] affix - (v.) atodi [atod-], gosod [gosod-; 3.s. gesyd; 2.s.imp. gosod], sicr.hau [sicr.- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] { "Sicr.hau" is accented on the final syllable, in contrast to the usual rule. } afflict - (v.) cystuddio [cystuddi-], gofidio [gofidi-], trallodi [trallod-] afflicted - (adj.) cystuddiedig, cystuddiol afflicter - (n.) cystuddiwr [cystuddwyr, m.], trallodwr [trallodwyr, m.] affliction - (n.) adfyd [m.], cawdd [coddion, m.], cymwy [-au, m.], cystudd [-iau, m.] affluence - (n.) cyfoethogrwydd [m.] affluent - (adj.) cefnog, cyfoethog [cyfoethoc- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], goludog afford - (v.) fforddio [fforddi-], rhoi (rhoddi) [rhodd-, rho- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>; 1.s. rhof; 3.s. rhydd, rhy, dyry; 2.s. imp. rho, dyro; 3.s.pres. subj. rhotho] { The literary form of "rhoi" is "rhoddi". } affordability - (n.) fforddiadwyedd [m.?] afforestation - (n.) coedwigaeth [f.] affray - (n.) ffrwgwd [ffrygydau, m.], ymryson [-au, m.], ysgarmes [-oedd, -au, f.] Affrica - (prop.n.) Yr Affrig affright - (v.) brawychu [brawych-], dychrynu [dychryn-] affront - (n.) sar.had [-au, m.] affront - (v.) sar.hau [sar.- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], tramgwyddo [tramgwydd-] afield, far - (adv.) ymhell aflame - (adv.) ar da+n afloat - (adj.) yn nofio afloat - (adv.) ar daen, ar led afoot - (adv.) ar droed afraid - (adj.) ag ofn arno, ofnus { The "arno" in "ag ofn arno" is conjugated to reflect the person who is afraid, as in "Rydw i ag ofn arnaf" = "I am afraid". } afresh - (adv.) eilwaith, o'r newydd Africa - (prop.n.) yr Affrig after - (adv.) gwedi, wedyn neither before nor after - (adv.) na chynt na chwedyn strive after - (v.) ymgyrraedd [ymgyr.haedd-] after - (prep.) ar o+l, gwedi, wedi, yn o+l { <B>Yn o+l</B> is "after" as in according to; e.g., "This information is after a manuscript by Floyd." } afterbirth - (n.) adeni [-eiau, m.] afterbirth of a cow - (n.) brych [m.] aftergrass - (n.) adladd (adlodd) [m.] aftermath - (n.) adladd (adlodd) [m.] afternoon - (adj.) prynhawnol afternoon - (n.) prynhawn (pnawn; prydnawn) [-au, m.] { The word "prynhawn" is pronounced "pnawn" in conversation. } aftertaste - (n.) adflas [-au, m.] afterwards - (adv.) gwedi, wedi, wedi hynny, wedyn again - (adv.) ail, eilchwyl, eilwaith, eto, mwy, trachefn answer again - (v.) adateb [adateb-] bear again - (v.) aileni [ailen-] grow again - (v.) atyfu (ad-dyfu) [atyf-, ad-dyf-] raise again - (v.) atgyfodi [atgyfod-] rise again - (v.) atgyfodi [atgyfod-] see again - (v.) adweled [adwel-] again - (pfx.) ail- (eil-) { "Ail (eil-)" causes a soft mutation to the affixed stem. } against - (prep.) erbyn, rhag [rhag- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.5.2. Second Conjugation">&prep2</A>], yn erbyn over against - (prep.) gyferbyn strike against - (v.) bwrw yn erbyn age - (n.) oed [-au, m.], oedran [-nau, m.], oes [-oedd, -au, f.] { <B>Oed</B> is age ("faint yw oed y bachgen?" = "how old is the boy?"). but also a period of time, e.g., "cadw oed" = "spend time with", "keep an appointment", "have a date" ("date" in American English). } full age - (n.) oedran [-nau, m.] old age - (n.) henaint [m.] the Bronze Age - (n.) yr Oes Efydd the Iron Age - (n.) yr Oes Haearn year of age - (n.) blwydd [-i, f.] age - (v.) heneiddio [heneiddi-] aged - (adj.) hen [hen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>, hyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>; comp. hy+n], oedrannus age-long - (adj.) oesol agency - (n.) cyfrwng [cyfryngau, m.], goruchwyliaeth [-au, f.] agent - (n.) goruchwyliwr [goruchwylwyr, m.], gweithredydd [-au, m.] { <B>Goruchwyliwr</B> is the kind of agent who acts on your behalf. } { <B>Gweithredydd</B> is the kind of agent who does something. } aggrandize (aggrandise) - (v.) mawr.hau [mawr.- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], mwyhau [mwy- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] aggravate - (v.) gwneud yn waeth { <B>Gwneud yn waeth</B> is aggravate in its correct sense of making worse. It has nothing to do with the American bastardization of the word that gives it the sense of "vex". } aggregate - (n.) crynswth [m.], cyfanswm [cyfansymiau, m.] aggression - (n.) gormes [m.], ymosodiad [-au, m.] aggressive - (adj.) gormesol, ymosodol, ymwthiol aggrieve - (v.) blino [blin-], tramgwyddo [tramgwydd-] aghast - (adj.) brawychedig, syn agile - (adj.) chwim, gwisgi, heini, sionc agility - (n.) sioncrwydd [m.] agitate - (v.) aflonyddu [aflonydd-], corddi [cordd-], cyffroi [cyffro- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>; 3.s. cyffry], cynhyrfu [cynhyrf-], cythryblu [cythrybl-] agitated - (adj.) cynhyrfus, cythryblus agitation - (n.) ceginwrych [m.], cynhyrfiad [cynyrfiadau, m.], cynnwrf [m.] agitator - (n.) cynhyrfwr [cynhyrfwyr, m.], cythryblwr [cythryblwyr, m.] agnostic - (n.) agnostig [m.], anffyddiwr [anffyddwyr, m.] agnosticism - (n.) anffyddiaeth [f.] ago - (adv.) yn o+l a little while ago - (adv.) gynnau (gynna) long ago - (adv.) er ys talwm (ers talwm) agonized - (adj.) ingol agonizing - (adj.) ingol agony - (n.) artaith [arteithiau, f.], ing [-oedd, m.], poen [-au, mf.] agrarian - (adj.) gwledig, tirol agree - (v.) amodi [amod-], cyd-fynd (cyd-fyned) [cyd-- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.6. The mynd Endings (and the Verb mynd)">&mynd</A>], cyd-weld (cydweled) [cyd-wel-, cydwel-], cydgordio [cydgordi-], cydweddu [cydwedd-], cyfateb [cyfateb-; 3.s. cyfetyb, cyfateb; 2.s.imp. cyfateb], cytuno [cytun-] agree with - (v.) cydweddu a+, cytuno a+, dygymod [dygymod-] not agreeing - (adj.) anghytu+n agreeable - (adj.) cle+n [cleni- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], clyfar, cynhesol, dymunol, hyfryd [hyfryt- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>] agreed - (adj.) cytu+n agreement - (n.) cydfod [-au, m.], cytundeb [-au, m.] in agreement - (adj.) amodig in agreement with - (prep.) yn unol a+ agricultural - (adj.) amaethyddol agricultural management - (n.) hwsmonaeth [f.] agriculture - (n.) amaeth [m.], amaethyddiaeth [f.], hwsmonaeth [f.] agronomy - (n.) agronomeg [-au, f.] aground - (adv.) ar dir, ar lawr, i dir ague - (n.) acses [mf.], cryd [-iau, m.], deirton [f.] { <B>Deirton</B> is specifically tertian ague. } Ahasuerus - (prop.n.) Ahasferus ahead - (adv.) ymlaen { "Ymlaen" is pronounced on the last <A HREF="./Glossary.html#syllable">syllable</A>, contrary to the usual rule. } straight ahead - (adv.) syth ymlaen ahead - (prep.) o flaen aid - (n.) cymorth [m.], cynhorthwy [cynorthwyon, m.], help [m.], porth [m.] { "Cymorth" is a native Welsh word. } { "Help" is a borrowing from English. It is commonly used. } aid - (v.) cyfnerthu [cyfnerth-], cymorth [cymorth-], cynorthwyo [cynorthwy-], helpu (helpio) [help-, helpi-] { "Cymorth" is a native Welsh word. } { "Helpu (helpio)" is a borrowing from English. It is commonly used. } ail - (v.) blino [blin-], clafychu [clafych-], poeni [poen-] ailment - (n.) afiechyd [-on, m.], anhwylder (anhwyldeb) [-au, m.], dolur [-iau, m.] aim - (n.) amcan [-ion, m.], aneliad [-au, m.], diben [-ion, m.], nod [-au, -ion, mf.] aim at - (v.) ymgeisio [ymgeisi-] aim - (v.) amcanu [amcan-], anelu [anel-] aiming - (adj.) anelog air - (n.) aer [m.], alaw [-on, f.], awyr [f.], awyrgylch [-au, -oedd, mf.], cainc [cangau, ceinciau, f.], osgo [m.] { <B>Aer</B> is the kind of air you breathe. } { <B>Alaw</B> is the kind of air you sing. } { <B>Awyr</B> is the kind of air you breathe. } { <B>Awyrgylch</B> is air that refers to the entire atmosphere. } { <B>Cainc</B> is the kind of air you sing. } { <B>Osgo</B> is the kind of air you put on to impress someone. } air - (v.) awyro (awyru) [awyr-] airfield - (n.) awyrenfa [awyrenfeydd, f.] airman - (n.) awyrennwr [awyrennwyr, m.] airplane (aeroplane) - (n.) awyren [-nau, -ni, f.] airport - (n.) awyrborth [m.] airship - (n.) awyrlong [-au, f.] airway - (n.) llwybr anadlu airy - (adj.) awyrol aisle - (n.) ael [-iau, f.], eil [-ion, f.], llwybr [-au, m.], ystlys eglwys ajar - (adj.) cilagored akin - (adj.) perthynasol, perthynol alack - (interj.) och fi alacrity - (n.) bywiogrwydd [m.], parodrwydd [m.] alarm - (n.) braw [-iau, m.], dychryn [-iadau, m.], larwm [m.], rhybudd [-ion, m.] alarm - (v.) dychrynu [dychryn-] alas - (interj.) och alas! - (interj.) ow albeit - (conj.) er, er hynny, eto album - (n.) albwm [m.] albumin - (n.) gwyn wy alchemy - (n.) alcemeg [f.] alcohol - (n.) alcohol [f.] alcove - (n.) alcof [m.], cilfach wely, deildy [deildai, m.], hafdy [hafdai, m.] alder grove - (n.) gwern [-i, -ydd, f.] alder tree - (n.) gwernen [gwern, f.] alderman - (n.) henadur [-iaid, m.] ale - (n.) cwrw [cyrfau, m.], tablen [f.] ale-house - (n.) dioty [diotai, m.] alert - (adj.) effro, esgud, gwyliadwrus, hoyw (hoew) [pl. -on; hoyw- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>] algae - (n.) alga [-+u, m.] algal bloom - (n.) ymchwydd alga+u algebra - (n.) algebra [m.] alien - (adj.) alltud, anghyfiaith, dieithr, estron (estronol; estronaidd), estronaidd, estronol alien woman - (n.) estrones [f.] alien - (n.) alltud [-iaid, -ion, m.], estron [-iaid, m.] alienate - (v.) dieithrio [dieithri-] alight - (v.) disgyn [disgynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, disgyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. disgyn] align - (v.) cyfunioni [cyfunion-] alike - (adj.) yr un fath alike - (adv.) yn gyffelyb aliment - (n.) maeth [-ion, m.], ymborth [m.] alive - (adj.) byw half alive - (adj.) adfyw alkali - (n.) alcali [m.] alkaline - (adj.) alcali%aidd all - (adj.) cwbl, cyfan [pl. cyfain], holl [pl. hyllion], hollol, i gyd, pob above all - (adv.) yn anad, yn anad dim all along - (adv.) o'r cychwyn all over - (adv.) ar hyd a lled all right - (adj.) iawn all right - (adv.) o'r gorau all sides - (n.) poptu [m.] at all - (adv.) o gwbl, oll all - (adv.) oll all - (n.) cwbl [m.] all - (pron.) pawb allay - (v.) lleddfu [lleddf-], lliniaru [lliniar-], tawelu [tawel-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. tawela] allegation - (n.) honiad [-au, m.] allege - (v.) haeru [haer-], honni [honn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, hon- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] alleged - (adj.) honedig allegiance - (n.) gwrogaeth (gwarogaeth) [f.], teyrn.garwch [m.] allegorical - (adj.) damhegol allegory - (n.) alegori [m.], aralleg [-au, fm.] alleviate - (v.) esmwytho (esmwytha/u) [esmwyth-, esmwyth- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>], lleddfu [lleddf-], lliniaru [lliniar-], ysgafnhau (ysgafnu) [ysgafn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>, ysgafn-] alley - (n.) ale [m.], llwybr [-au, m.] alliance - (n.) cyfathrach [-iadau, f.], cynghrair [cynghreiriau, mf.] allied - (adj.) cytras alliteration - (n.) cyflythreniad [-au, m.], cyseinedd [m.] Welsh metrical alliteration - (n.) cynghanedd [cynganeddion, f.] alliterative poem, Welsh - (n.) cywydd [-au, m.] alliterative stanza, Welsh - (n.) englyn [-ion, m.] allocate - (v.) cyfleu [cyfle-], dosbarthu [dosbarth-], rhannu [rhann- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, rhan- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. rhan] allot - (v.) gosod [gosod-; 3.s. gesyd; 2.s.imp. gosod], penodi [penod-] allotment - (n.) cyfran [-nau, f.], rhandir [-oedd, m.] allow - (v.) caniata/u [caniat- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>], gadael (gadu) [gadaw-; 3.s. gedy, gad; 2.s.imp. gad; 3.s.pres.subj. gato], goddef [goddef-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. goddef] { You "gadael i" a person. } allowance - (n.) dogn [-au, m.], goddefiad [-au, m.], lw+ans (lwfans) [m.] alloy - (n.) aloi [aloeon, m.] allude - (v.) cyfeirio [cyfeiri-], so+n [soni-; 2.s.pres.ind. sonni; 2.s.imp.ind. sonnit] allude to - (v.) so+n am allure - (v.) denu [den-], hudo [hud-], llithio [llithi-] allurement - (n.) hudoliaeth [-au, f.] allurements - (n.pl.) deniadau allurer - (n.) hudwr [hudwyr, m.] alluring - (adj.) hudolus allusion - (n.) crybwylliad [-au, m.], cyfeiriad [-au, m.] allusion to - (n.) cyfeiriad at alluvium - (n.) dolbridd [m.], llifbridd [m.] all-wise - (adj.) hollddoeth ally - (n.) cynghreiriad [cynghreiriaid, m.], cynghreiriwr [cynghreirwyr, m.] ally - (v.) cynghreirio [cynghreiri-] almanac - (n.) amseroni [-%au, m.] almighty - (adj.) hollalluog, hollgyfoethog almond - (n.) almon [f.] almoner - (n.) elusennwr [elusennwyr, m.] almost - (adv.) agos, braidd, bron, haeach, ymron { <B>Braidd</B> with a negative sense can mean "almost": "braidd na ddywedwn" -- "I would almost say (that...)" = "I would almost be prepared to say that..." } { <B>Bron</B> comes to mean "almost" in a negative context: "bron na ddywedais" -- "I almost said (that...)" = "I only just avoided saying." } alms - (n.) cardod [-au, f.], elusen [-nau, f.] almshouse - (n.) elusendy [elusendai, m.] aloe - (n.) aloes [m.?] aloft - (adv.) fry, i fyny, yn uchel alone - (adj.) unig { "Unig" means "only" when used before the noun and "lonely" when used afterwards. For example, "yr unig fab" is "the only son", but "yr mab unig" is "the lonely son". } alone - (adv.) ar ei ben ei hun along - (adv.) ar hyd, ymlaen { "Ymlaen" is pronounced on the last <A HREF="./Glossary.html#syllable">syllable</A>, contrary to the usual rule. } all along - (adv.) o'r cychwyn alongside - (prep.) wrth ochr aloof - (adj.) pell [pell- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], yn cadw draw aloud - (adv.) yn groch, yn uchel alphabet - (n.) abie/c [m.], egwyddor [-ion, f.], gwyddor [-ion, -au, f.] Alps - (prop.n.) Yr Alpau already - (adv.) eisoes, yn barod also - (adv.) hefyd he also - (pron.) yntau I also - (pron.) innau (finnau; minnau) me also - (pron.) innau (finnau; minnau) she also - (pron.) hithau they also - (pron.) hwythau, nhwthau (hwythau) thou also - (pron.) tithau we also - (pron.) ninnau you also - (pron.) chithau (chwithau), chwithau, tithau { <B>Chithau (chwithau)</B> is the plural or formal word for "you also". } { <B>Tithau</B> is the familiar form. } altar - (n.) allor [-au, f.] alter - (v.) altro [altr-], newid [newidi-; 2.s.imp. newid] alteration - (n.) cyfnewidiad [-au, m.], newid [m.] altercation - (n.) ffrae [-on, -au, f.], ymryson [-au, m.] alternate - (adj.) bob yn ail alternate - (v.) digwydd pob yn ail, eilio [eili-] although - (conj.) er, serch altitude - (n.) uchder [m.] altogether - (adj.) i gyd altogether - (adv.) llwyr, oll, yn gyfan gwbl altruism - (n.) allgaredd [-au, m.], allgarwch [m.] always - (adv.) beunydd, bob amser, trwy'r amser, yn wastad { "Trwy'r amser" is used mainly in N. Wales. } amalgamate - (v.) cyfuno [cyfun-], cymysgu [cymysg-], uno [un-] amass - (v.) casglu [casgl-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. casgl], cronni [cronn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cron- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], pentyrru [pentyrr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, pentyr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. pentwr], tyrru [tyrr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, tyr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. twr] amateur - (adj.) amaturaidd amateur - (n.) amatur [-iaid, m.] amatory - (adj.) carwriaethol amaze - (v.) aruthro [aruthr-], rhyfeddu [rhyfedd-], synnu [synn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, syn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. synn] { You "rhyfeddu at" something. } amazed - (adj.) syn be amazed - (v.) synnu [synn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, syn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. synn] amazement - (n.) aruthredd [-au, m.], syndod [m.] ambassador - (n.) llysgenhadwr [llysgenhadwyr, m.], llysgennad [llysgenhadon, m.] ambassadorial - (adj.) llysgenhadol amber - (n.) gwefr [f.] ambidextrous - (adj.) deheuig a+'i ddwy law ambiguity - (n.) amwysedd [m.], astrusi [m.] ambiguous - (adj.) amheus, amwys, astrus, mwys ambition - (n.) uchelgais [mf.] ambitious - (adj.) gorfynt, uchelgeisiol amble - (n.) rhygyng [m.] amble - (v.) rhygyngu [rhygyng-] Ambrose - (prop.n.) Emrys ambulance - (n.) ambiwlans [m.] ambush - (n.) cynllwyn [-ion, m.], rhagod [-ion, m.] ambush - (v.) cynllwyn [cynllwyn-], rhagod [rhagod-] ameliorate - (v.) diwygio [diwygi-], gwella [gwell-] amenable - (adj.) atebol, cyfrifol, hydrin amend - (v.) cywiro [cywir-], diwygio [diwygi-], gwella [gwell-] amendment - (n.) gwelliant [gwelliannau, m.] amends - (n.) ad-dal [-au, m.], ad-daledigaeth [-au, fm.], ad-daliad [-au, m.], iawn [m.] make amends - (v.) gwneud iawn amenity - (n.) hyfrydwch [m.], hynawsedd [m.] amerce - (v.) dirwyo [dirwy-] America - (prop.n.) Yr Amerig American - (adj.) Americanaidd American - (n.) Americanwr [Americanwyr, m.] amiability - (n.) hawddgarwch [m.], hygarwch [m.] amiable - (adj.) cynhesol, hawddgar, hoffus, hygar, serchus amicable - (adj.) cyfeillgar amid - (prep.) ymhlith, ymysg, ynghanol { "Ymysg" is conjugated with pronouns: "yn ein mysg" = "in our midst", "yn eich mysg" = "in your midst", and "yn eu mysg" = "in their midst". } amidst - (prep.) ymhlith, ymysg, ynghanol { "Ymysg" is conjugated with pronouns: "yn ein mysg" = "in our midst", "yn eich mysg" = "in your midst", and "yn eu mysg" = "in their midst". } amiss - (adv.) ar fai, o'i le among - (prep.) ymysg { "Ymysg" is conjugated with pronouns: "yn ein mysg" = "in our midst", "yn eich mysg" = "in your midst", and "yn eu mysg" = "in their midst". } amorous - (adj.) hoff o garu amorphous - (adj.) amorffus, diffurf amount - (n.) swm [symiau, m.] amount - (v.) codi (cyfodi) [cod-, cyfod-; 3.s. cwyd, cyfyd, cod; 2.s.imp. cod, cwyd], cyrraedd (cyr.haeddyd) [cyr.haedd- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cyraedd- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. cyrraedd, cyrraidd*; 2.s.imp. cyrraedd] amour - (n.) carwriaeth [-au, f.] amphitheater (amphitheatre) - (n.) amchwaraefa [amchwaraefeydd, f.] ample - (adj.) cyflawn, digon, eang [ehang- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], helaeth, ymwng (ymwnc) amplify - (v.) ehangu (eangu) [ehang-, eang-], helaethu [helaeth-] amputate - (v.) torri aelod, trychu [trych-] amulet - (n.) swyn.gyfaredd [-ion, f.] amuse - (v.) diddanu [diddan-], difyrru [difyrr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, difyr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] amusement - (n.) difyrrwch [m.], digrifwch [m.] amusements - (n.pl.) difyrion amusing - (adj.) diddan, difyr, difyrrus, ysmala Anabaptist - (n.) Ailfedyddiwr [Ailfedyddwyr, m.] anachronism - (n.) camamseriad [-au, m.] analogy - (n.) cydweddiad [cydweddiaid, -au, m.], cyfatebiaeth [-au, f.] analysis - (n.) dadansoddiad [-au, m.], dadelfeniad [-au, m.], elfeniad [-au, m.] analyst - (n.) dadansoddwr [dadansoddwyr, m.] analytical - (adj.) dadansoddol analyze (analyse) - (v.) dadansoddi [dadansodd-], dadelfennu [dadelfenn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, dadelfen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], dosrannu [dosrann- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, dosran- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], elfennu [elfenn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, elfen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] anarchic (anarchical) - (adj.) anarchol anarchist - (n.) anarchydd [-ion, m.], terfysgwr [terfysgwyr, m.] anarchy - (n.) aflywodraeth [f.], anarchiaeth [m.], anhrefn [mf.], anllywodraeth [f.] anatomical - (adj.) anatomaidd anatomy - (n.) anatomeg (anatomi) [f.] ancestor - (n.) cyndad [-au, m.], hynafiad [hynafiaid, m.] ancestry - (n.pl.) ach [-au, -oedd, f.], hynafiad [hynafiaid, m.] anchor - (n.) angor [-au, -ion, m.] anchor - (v.) angori [angor-] anchorage - (n.) angorfa [angorfeydd, -oedd, f.] anchoress - (n.) ancr [mf.] anchoret - (n.) meudwy [-aid, -od, m.] anchorite - (n.) ancr [mf.], meudwy [-aid, -od, m.] ancient - (adj.) hen [hen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>, hyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>; comp. hy+n], hynafol (henafol), oesol the Ancient of Days - (n.) yr hen Ddihenydd and - (conj.) a (ac) { "Ac" is used before vowels. } and so forth - (adv.) ac yn y blaen better and better - (adj.) gwellwell cunning and malicious - (adj.) dichellddrwg for ever and ever - (adv.) yn oes oesoedd go to and fro - (v.) cynired [cynir-], cyniwair [cyniwair-] here and there (lit. there and here) - (adv.) hwnt ac yma hook and eye - (n.) bach a dolen milk and water - (n.) glastwr [glastwyr, m.] more and more - (adv.) mwyfwy nearer and nearer - (adv.) nesnes odds and ends - (n.pl.) petheuach question and answer - (n.) hawl ac ateb slice of bread and butter - (n.) brechdan [-au, f.] stretch and yawn - (v.) ystwyrian [ystwyri-] the length and breadth - (adv.) ar hyd a lled to and fro - (adv.) o+l a gwrthol, yn o+l ac ymlaen touch and go - (adv.) cael a chael worse and worse - (adv.) gwaethwaeth Andrew - (prop.n.) Andreas anecdote - (n.) chwedl [-au, f.], hanesyn [-nau, m.] anemia (anaemia) - (n.) diffyg gwaed anemic (anaemic) - (adj.) di-waed, diwryg anesthesia (anaesthesia) - (n.) dideimladrwydd [m.] anesthetic (anaesthetic) - (n. & adj.) anesthetig [m.] anew - (adv.) o'r newydd angel - (n.) angel [engyl, angylion, m.], angyles [-au, f.] guardian angel - (n.) angel gwarcheidiol angelic - (adj.) angylaidd anger - (n.) ba+r [m.], broch [m.], codded [m.], dicter [-au, m.], dig [m.], digofaint [m.], gw+yth [m.], llid [-au, m.] anger - (v.) coddi [codd-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. cawdd], digio [digi-], llidio [llidi-] angle - (n.) elin [-au, -oedd, f.], ongl [-au, f.] angle - (v.) genweirio [genweiri-], pysgota [pysgot-] angled - (adj.) onglog angler - (n.) genweiriwr [genweirwyr, m.] Anglesey - (prop.n.) Mo+n Anglican - (adj.) Anglicanaidd anglicize - (v.) Seisnigeiddio (Seisnigo) [Seisnigeiddi-, Seisnig-] Anglicized - (adj.) Seisnigaidd angry - (adj.) dicllon (digllon), dig [dic- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], digofus, ffrom, gwythlon, llidiog, milain, naturus be angry - (v.) llidio [llidi-] become angry - (v.) digio [digi-] become angry at - (v.) digio wrth become angry with - (v.) digio wrth anguish - (n.) cyni [-on, m.], ing [-oedd, m.] angular - (adj.) elinog, onglog animadvert - (v.) beirniadu [beirniad-], ceryddu [cerydd-], sennu [senn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, sen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] animal - (adj.) anifeilaidd, anifeilig, ysgrublaidd domesticated animal - (n.) lledfegin [-od, m.] of animals - (adj.) anifeilig small animal - (n.) anifeilyn [m.] young animal - (n.) llwdn [llydnod, m.] animal - (n.) anifail [anifeiliaid, m.], creadur [-iaid, m.], mil [-od, m.] animalize - (v.) anifeileiddio [anifeileiddi-] animate - (adj.) byw, bywiol animate - (v.) animeiddio [animeiddi-], bywhau [byw- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], bywioca/u [bywioc- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>], bywiogi [bywiog-], ysgogi (ysgog) [ysgog-; 3.s. ysgyg*] animated - (adj.) animeiddiedig, asbri%ol (asbri%og), bywiog animation - (n.) asbri [m.], bywiogrwydd [m.] animosity - (n.) digasedd [m.], gelyniaeth [f.] animus - (n.) drwgdeimlad [m.], gelyniaeth [f.] anise - (n.) anis [m.?] ankle - (n.) ffe+r [fferau, f.], meilwng [meilyngau, m.], migwrn [migyrnau, m.], swrn [syrnau, f.] annals - (n.) cofnodion blynyddol annate - (n.) anawd [anodau, m.] anneal - (v.) anelio [aneli-] annex - (v.) cydio [cydi-], cysylltu [cysyllt-], meddiannu [meddiann- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, meddian- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] annihilate - (v.) diddymu [diddym-], difodi [difod-] annihilation - (n.) diddymiad (diddymiant) [diddymiannau, m.], difodiad (difodiant) [difodiannau, m.] anniversary - (n.) cylchwyl [-iau, f.], pen-blwydd [m.] annotate - (v.) gwneud nodiadau announce - (v.) cyhoeddi [cyhoedd-], datgan [datgan-], hysbysu [hysbys-] announcement - (n.) cyhoeddiad [-au, m.], hysbysiad [-au, m.] annoy - (v.) blino [blin-], cythruddo [cythrudd-], poeni [poen-] annoyance - (n.) cythrudd [-ion, m.] annoying - (adj.) barnol, plagus annual - (adj.) blynyddol annual - (n.) blwyddiad [blwyddiaid, m.], blwyddiadur [-on, m.] annuity - (n.) blwydd-da+l [blwydd-daliadau, m.] annul - (v.) diddymu [diddym-], dileu [dile-], dirymu [dirym-] annular - (adj.) crwn fel modrwy, modrwyol anoint - (v.) eli%o [eli%-], eneinio [eneini-], iro [ir-] anointed - (adj.) eneiniog anointed one - (n.) eneiniog [m.] anointing - (n.) eneiniad [-au, m.] anomaly - (n.) afreoleidd-dra [m.], peth croes i reol anon - (adv.) toc, yn union, yn y man anonymity - (n.) cyflwr dienw anonymous - (adj.) anhysbys, dienw another - (adj.) arall [pl. eraill] one another - (pron.) eu gilydd { "Eu gilydd" must agree in <A HREF="./Glossary.html#person">person</A> with the people to whom it refers, although it is always <A HREF="./Glossary.html#plural">plural</A>. There are thus three forms: "ein gilydd", when the speaker is including himself/herself among the group; "eich gilydd", when the speaker is including those being addressed among the group; and "eu gilydd", to refer to some third-party group. } another - (pron.) arall [pl. eraill], llall [lleill, m.] answer - (n.) ateb [-ion, m.], atebiad [-au, m.] answer again - (v.) adateb [adateb-] answer for - (v.) ateb dros question and answer - (n.) hawl ac ateb answer - (v.) ateb (adebu) [ateb-; 3.s. etyb, ateb; 2.s.imp. ateb], talu [tal-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. ta+l], ymateb [ymateb-; 3.s. ymetyb, ymateb; 2.s.imp. ymateb] answerable - (adj.) atebol, cyfrifol ant - (n.) morgrugyn [morgrug, m.] antagonism - (n.) gwrthwynebiaeth [f.] antagonist - (n.) gwrthwynebwr (gwrthwynebydd) [gwrthwynebwyr, m.] antarctic - (adj.) o gylch y pegwn deheuol ante- - (pfx.) rhag- { "Rhag-" causes a soft mutation to the affixed stem. } antecedent - (adj.) blaenorol antediluvian - (adj.) cynddilywaidd antelope - (n.) antelop [m.], gafrewig [-od, f.] anterior - (adj.) blaen, blaenorol anthem - (n.) anthem [-au, f.] anthology - (n.) blodeugerdd [-i, f.] anthracite - (n.) glo caled, glo carreg anthropology - (n.) anthropoleg [f.], dynofyddiaeth [f.] anti- - (pfx.) gwrth- { "Gwrth" causes a soft mutation to the affixed stem. } antibiotic - (adj.) gwrthfiotig Antichrist - (prop.n.) Anghrist antichrist - (n.) anghrist [-ion, m.] anticipate - (v.) achub y blaen, disgwyl [disgwyli-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. disgwyl], rhagflaenu [rhagflaen-] { You "rhagflaenu ar" something. } antics - (n.pl.) camp [-au, f.], castiau digrif antidisestablishmentarianism - (n.) gwrthdadgysylltiaeth [f.] antidote - (n.) gwrthwenwyn [m.] antipathy - (n.) casineb [m.], gwrthnaws [m.] antipodes - (n.pl.) eithaf [-oedd, -ion, m.], pellafoedd byd antiquarian - (adj.) hynafiaethol antiquarian - (n.) hynafiaethwr (hynafiaethydd) [hynafiaethwyr, m.] antiquary - (n.) hynafiaethwr (hynafiaethydd) [hynafiaethwyr, m.] antiquated - (adj.) hen a di-les antique - (adj.) hen [hen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>, hyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>; comp. hy+n], hen-ffasiwn, hynafol (henafol) antiquity - (n.) cynfyd [m.], cynnoes [cynoesoedd, f.], hynafiaeth [-au, f.] antiseptic - (n. & adj.) antiseptig [m.] antiterrorism - (n.) gwrthderfysgaeth [f.] antithesis - (n.) gwrthgyferbyniad [-au, m.] antler - (n.) cainc o gorn carw, rhaidd [rheiddiau, m.] anvil - (n.) eingion [-au, f.], einion [-au, f.] anxiety - (n.) boloch [m.], pryder [-on, m.] anxious - (adj.) aflonydd, awyddus, carcus, pryderus { <B>Aflonydd</B> is anxious in the sense of fearful. } { <B>Awyddus</B> is anxious in the sense of eager. } { <B>Pryderus</B> is anxious in the sense of fearful. } be anxious - (v.) pryderu [pryder-] any - (adj.) dim, peth, rhyw, <A HREF="./Lesson04.html#un">un</A> any more - (adv.) mwyach hardly any - (adj.) nid nemor any - (adv.) unrhyw anyone - (n.) neb [m.], unrhywun [m.] { <B>Neb</B> is a variable ranging over all people (and while it has acquired the negative sense of "nobody" from being used with e.g., "nid oes neb") means "any person". Only it makes sense in sentences like "Nid oes neb sy'n deallt." } { <B>Unrhywun</B> is just "unrhyw" (any) + "un" (one) -- any one (person); any one will do, as in I want help from someone, but I do not matter who it is, any one will do. } more than anyone - (adv.) yn anad neb anything - (n.) dim [m.], unrhywbeth [m.] { <B>Dim</B> is a variable ranging over all things (and while it has acquired the negative sense of "nothing" from being used with e.g., "nid oes dim") means "any thing". } { <B>Unrhywbeth</B> is just "unrhyw" (any) + "beth" (thing) -- any one (thing); any one will do. } anything short - (n.) pwt [pytiau, m.] anywhere - (n.) unlle [m.] apace - (adv.) ar ffrwst, ar frys, ar garlam apart - (adv.) ar waha+n, o'r neilltu set apart - (v.) neilltuo [neilltu-] apartment - (n.) fflat [-au, -iau, f.], llety [-au, m.], rhandy [rhandai, m.] apathetic - (adj.) didaro, difater, difraw apathy - (n.) difaterwch [m.], difrawder [m.] ape - (n.) epa [-od, m.] ape - (v.) dynwared [dynwared-] aperture - (n.) agorfa [-oedd, f.], bwlch [bylchau, m.], rhwyll [-au, f.], rhwyllyn [m.], twll [tyllau, m.] apex - (n.) blaen [-au, -ion, m.], brig [-au, m.], copa [-+u, -on, m.], pen [-nau, m.] { <B>Blaen</B> would be used for the growing tip of a plant. } { <B>Brig</B> has a connotation of smallness at the top. The top of the popularity charts would be a "brig", as would the top of a pointed tree or a pointy mountain. } { <B>Copa</B> specifically means the top of a mountain or summit. } { <B>Pen</B> is the top of something when it is not necessarily small, so the top of a mountain or a tree you could sit on would probably be "pen". } aphid (aphis) - (n.) pryf gwyrdd aphorism - (n.) dihareb [diar.hebion, f.], gwireb [-au, -ion, f.] apiary - (n.) gwenynfa [gwenynfeydd, f.] apiece - (adv.) un bob un apish - (adj.) mwnci%aidd apocalypse - (n.) datguddiad [-au, m.] apocryphal - (adj.) anghanonaidd, apocryffaidd apologize - (v.) diheuro [diheur-], ymddiheuro [ymddiheur-], ymesgusodi [ymesgusod-] apology - (n.) esgusawd [esgusodion, m.], ymddiheuriad [-au, m.] apoplexy - (n.) parlys mud, stro+c [f.] apostasy - (n.) gwrthgiliad [-au, m.] apostate - (n.) gwrthgiliwr [gwrthgilwyr, m.] apostle - (n.) apostol [-ion, m.] apostleship - (n.) apostoliaeth [f.] apostolic - (adj.) apostolaidd (apostolig) apostrophe - (n.) collnod [-au, m.], sillgoll [-au, f.] apothecary - (n.) apothecari [m.], cyffuriwr [cyffurwyr, m.], fferyllydd [-ion, m.] apotheosis - (n.) dwyfoliad [m.] appall (appal) - (v.) brawychu [brawych-], digalonni [digalonn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, digalon- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] apparatus - (n.pl.) aparatws [m.], offeryn [-nau, offer, m.] apparel - (n.) abid [mf.], gwisg [-oedd, f.] apparel - (n.pl.) dilledyn [dillad, m.] apparent - (adj.) amlwg [amlyc- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], eglur, ymddan.gosiadol apparition - (n.) drychiolaeth [-au, f.], ysbryd [-ion, -oedd, m.] appeal - (n.) ape+l [apelion, apelydd, apelau, mf.], apeliad [-au, m.] appeal - (v.) apelio [apeli-], erfyn [erfyni-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. erfyn] { You "erfyn ar" a person. } appear - (v.) lledrithio [lledrithi-], rhithio [rhithi-], ymddan.gos (ymddangos) [ymddangos-; 3.s. ymddengys; 2.s.imp. ymddangos], ymrithio [ymrithi-] appearance - (n.) eiliw [-iau, m.], gwedd [-au, -iau, f.], gwelediad [-au, m.], rhith [-iau, m.], ymddan.gosiad [-au, m.] appease - (v.) dofi [dof-], heddychu [heddych-], llonyddu [llonydd-], tangnefeddu [tangnefedd-], tawelu [tawel-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. tawela] appellant - (n.) apeliwr [apelwyr, m.], apelydd [-ion, m.] appellation - (n.) enw [-au, m.], teitl [-au, m.] append - (v.) atodi [atod-], ychwanegu [ychwaneg-] appendicitis - (n.) enyniad y coluddyn crog appendix - (n.) atodiad [-au, m.], coluddyn crog, ychwanegiad [-au, m.] { <B>Atodiad</B> is the kind of appendix a book has. } { <B>Coluddyn crog</B> is the kind of appendix in your body. } { <B>Ychwanegiad</B> is the kind of appendix a book has. } appertain - (v.) perthyn [perthyn-] appetite - (n.) archwaeth [-au, f.], awch [m.], awydd [-au, m.], chwant [-au, m.] applaud - (v.) curo dwylo, cymeradwyo [cymeradwy-] applause - (n.) cymeradwyaeth [-au, f.] apple - (n.) afal [-au, m.] apple of the eye - (n.) cannwyll llygad apple tree - (n.) afallen [-nau, f.] gather apples - (v.) afaleua [afaleu-] golden apple - (n.) eurafal [-au, m.] appliance - (n.) dyfais [dyfeisiau, f.], offeryn [-nau, offer, m.] applicable - (adj.) cymwys, cymwysiadol, perthnasol applicant - (n.) ceisiedydd [-ion, m.], ymgeisydd [ymgeiswyr, m.] application - (n.) cais [ceisiadau, m.], cymhwysiad [cymwysiadau, m.], ymroad [-au, m.], ymroddiad [-au, m.] { <B>Cais</B> is an application that is a request. } { <B>Cymhwysiad</B> is an application that a computer runs. } { <B>Ymroad</B> is application that makes diligent. } { <B>Ymroddiad</B> is application that makes diligent. } of great application - (adj.) ymroddgar applied - (adj.) cymhwysol, cymwysedig apply - (v.) cymhwyso [cymhwys-], cynnig [cynigi-], ymgeisio [ymgeisi-] apply for - (v.) cynnig am apply gold - (v.) euro [eur-] apply oneself - (v.) ymroddi (ymroi) [ymrodd-] apply pressure - (v.) rhoi pwysau appoint - (v.) apwyntio [apwynti-], gosod [gosod-; 3.s. gesyd; 2.s.imp. gosod], nodi [nod-], pennu [penn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, pen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], penodi [penod-] { <B>Gosod</B> is the sort of appointing that one does when making an appointment -- certainly I talk about "gosod amser i'r cyfarfod nesaf". } { <B>Nodi</B> is the sort of appointing that leads to something happening at an appointed time: "Nodir amser ein geni a'n marw, ein dyfodiad a'n mynediad ymaith" -- "The time is appointed for our birth and our death, for our coming and going forth." } { <B>Penodi</B> is "pen-nodi", to mark the head of [a person]): the sort of appointing that goes with a job: selecting (a person). } appointed - (adj.) gosodedig, nodedig appointment - (n.) cyhoeddiad [-au, m.], penodiad [-au, m.] { <B>Cyhoeddiad</B> is the kind of appointment you place in your calendar. } { <B>Penodiad</B> is the kind of appointment that you have to a position. } keep an appointment - (v.) cadw oed apportion - (v.) dosbarthu [dosbarth-], rhannu [rhann- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, rhan- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. rhan] apposite - (adj.) addas, priodol appraise - (v.) prisio [prisi-] appreciate - (v.) gwerthfawrogi [gwerthfawrog-], prisio [prisi-] appreciation - (n.) gwerthfawrogiad [m.] appreciative - (adj.) diolchgar apprehend - (v.) dirnad [dirnad-], ofni [ofn-], ymaflyd mewn { <B>Dirnad</B> is apprehend in the sense of understand. } { <B>Ofni</B> is apprehend in the sense of fear. } { <B>Ymaflyd mewn</B> is the kind of apprehend you do to a criminal. } apprehension - (n.) dirnadaeth [f.], ofn [-au, m.] { <B>Dirnadaeth</B> is apprehension in the sense of understanding. } { <B>Ofn</B> is apprehension in the sense of fear. } apprehensive - (adj.) ofnus, pryderus apprentice - (n.) dysgwr [dysgwyr, m.], egwyddorwas [egwyddorweisiau, m.], prentis [-iaid, m.] apprentice - (v.) prentisio [prentisi-] apprenticeship - (n.) prentisiaeth [f.] apprise - (v.) hysbysu [hysbys-] approach - (n.) dyfodfa [dyfodfeydd, f.], dynesiad [m.] approach - (v.) agosa/u [agos- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>], cyrchu [cyrch-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. cyrch], dynesu [dynes-], nesa/u [nes- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>], nesu at, ymnesa/u [ymnes- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>] approaching - (adj.) agosaol approbation - (n.) cymeradwyaeth [-au, f.] appropriate - (adj.) priodol { <B>Priodol</B> is appropriate because of being the right choice from a range. } appropriate - (v.) adfeddu [adfedd-], meddiannu [meddiann- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, meddian- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] appropriateness - (n.) priodoldeb [-au, m.] appropriation - (n.) adfeddiad [-au, m.] approval - (n.) arddeliad [-au, m.], cymeradwyaeth [-au, f.] approve - (v.) arddelu (arddelwi) [arddel-], cymeradwyo [cymeradwy-], profi [prof-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. prawf] approved - (adj.) cymeradwy approximate - (adj.) agos [agos- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>; nesed; nes; nesaf] approximate - (v.) agosa/u [agos- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>] approximately - (prep.) tua (tuag) { The "tuag" form is used before vowels. } appurtenance - (n.) peth perthynol apricot - (n.) bricyllen [bricyll?, f.] April - (n.) Ebrill [m.] apron - (n.) arffedog (ffedog) [-au, f.], barclod [-au, -iau, m.] apt - (adj.) cymwys, parod [parot- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], tueddol apt to teach - (adj.) athrawaidd, athrawus aquarium - (n.) pysgodlyn [-noedd, -nau, m.], pysgoty [pysgotai, m.] aquatic - (adj.) dyfriog, dyfrol aqueduct - (n.) dyfrffos [-ydd, f.] aquiline - (adj.) bachog, crwbi, eryraidd Arab - (n.) Arab [-iaid, m.] arable land - (n.) tir a+r Aramaic - (n.) Aramaeg [f.] arbiter - (n.) beirniad [beirniaid, m.], brawdwr [brawdwyr, m.], dyddiwr [dyddwyr, m.] arbitrament - (n.) dedfryd [-au, -on, f.], rhaith [f.] arbitrary - (adj.) gormesol, mympwyol arbitrate - (v.) athrywyn [athrywyn-], cyflafareddu [cyflafaredd-] arbitration - (n.) cyflafareddiad [-au, m.], cymrodedd [m.] arbitrator - (n.) cyflafareddwr [cyflafareddwyr, m.], cymrodeddwr [cymrodeddwyr, m.], dyddiwr [dyddwyr, m.] arbor (arbour) - (n.) deildy [deildai, m.] arboriculture - (n.) coedyddiaeth [f.] arc - (n.) arc [f.], bwa [-+u, m.] arch - (adj.) cellweirus, direidus, ysmala arch - (n.) bwa [-+u, m.], nen [-nau, -noedd, f.], pont [-ydd, f.] arch - (v.) pontio [ponti-] archaeologist - (n.) archaeolegwr [archaeolegwyr, m.] archaeology - (n.) archaeoleg [f.] archaic - (adj.) henaidd, hynafol (henafol) archangel - (n.) archangel [archangylion, m.] archbishop - (n.) archesgob [-ion, m.] archbishopric - (n.) archesgobaeth [-au, f.] archdeacon - (n.) archddiacon (archddiagon) [-iaid, m.] archdruid - (n.) archdderwydd [-on, m.] arched - (adj.) bwaog archeological (archaeological) - (adj.) hynafiaethol archeology (archaeology) - (n.) hynafiaeth [-au, f.] archer - (n.) saethwr [saethwyr, m.], saethydd [-ion, m.] archery - (n.) saethyddiaeth [f.] archipelago - (n.) twr ynysoedd, ynysfor [-oedd, m.] architect - (n.) archadeiladydd [-ion, m.], pensaer [penseiri, m.] architectural - (adj.) adeiladol (adeiliadol), pensaerniol architecture - (n.) adeiladaeth [-au, f.], pensaerniaeth [f.] architrave - (n.) amhiniog (amhinog) [-ion, -au, m.] archive - (n.) archif [-au?, f.] arctic - (adj.) gogleddol ardent - (adj.) angerddol, awchus, brwdfrydig, eiddgar, gwresog, poeth [pl. -ion; poeth- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], selog, terwyn ardor (ardour) - (n.) aidd [m.], angerdd [m.], awch [m.], brwdfrydedd [m.], eiddgarwch [m.], tanbeidrwydd [m.] arduous - (adj.) blin [pl. -ion], caled [pl. -ion; calet- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], llafurus area - (n.) arwynebedd [m.], wyneb (gwyneb) [-au, m.] argue - (v.) dadlau [dadleu-], pledio [pledi-], ymresymu [ymresym-] argue about - (v.) dadlau am argue with - (v.) dadlau a+ argument - (n.) dadl [-euon, -au, f.], ymresymiad [-au, m.] arid - (adj.) cras [pl. creision], crin [pl. -ion], gwyw, sych [f. sech; pl. -ion] arise - (v.) codi (cyfodi) [cod-, cyfod-; 3.s. cwyd, cyfyd, cod; 2.s.imp. cod, cwyd] aristocracy - (n.) pendefigaeth [f.] aristocrat - (n.) gw+r mawr, pendefig [-ion, m.] aristocratic - (adj.) bonheddig [pl. boneddigion], pendefigaidd arithmetic - (n.) rhifyddeg (rhifyddiaeth) [f.] arithmetician - (n.) rhifyddwr [rhifyddwyr, m.] ark - (n.) arch [eirch, f.] arm - (n.) arf [-au, mf.], ban [-nau, mf.], braich [breichiau, f.], cainc [cangau, ceinciau, f.] { <B>Arf</B> is the kind of arm you fire at someone. } { <B>Braich</B> is the kind of arm that hangs from your shoulder. } arm - (v.) arfogi [arfog-] armadillo - (n.) armellog [-od?, m.?] armament - (n.) arfogaeth [f.], offer rhyfel armed - (adj.) arfog armful - (n.) ceseilaid (ceseiled) [ceseileidiau, f.], coflaid [cofleidiau, f.] armistice - (n.) cadoediad [-au, m.] armor (armour) - (n.) arfod [f.], arfogaeth [f.], arfwisg [-oedd, f.] armory (armoury) - (n.) arfdy [arfdai, m.] armpit - (n.) cesail [ceseiliau, f.] arms - (n.pl.) aren [-nau, f.], arf [-au, mf.] army - (n.) bragad [f.], byddin [-oedd, f.], cad [-au, -oedd, f.], lluydd [m.] array army - (v.) byddino [byddin-] with armies - (adj.) byddinog aroma - (n.) perarogl [-au, m.] aromatic - (adj.) pe+r, peraroglaidd, persawrus aromatic herbs - (n.pl.) perlysiau around - (prep.) am [amdan- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.5.1. First Conjugation">&prep1</A>], o amgylch, o gwmpas arouse - (v.) cyffroi [cyffro- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>; 3.s. cyffry], deffro (deffroi) [deffro- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>; 3.s. deffry; 2.s.imp. deffro], dihuno [dihun-] { <B>Cyffroi</B> is arouse in the sense of excite. } { <B>Deffro (deffroi)</B> is arouse in the sense of wake from sleep. } { <B>Dihuno</B> is arouse in the sense of wake from sleep. } arraign - (v.) cyhuddo o flaen brawdle arrange - (v.) trefnu [trefn-] arrangement - (n.) trefn [-au, f.], trefniad [-au, m.], trefniant [trefniannau, m.] arranger - (n.) trefnydd [-ion, m.] arrant - (adj.) cywilyddus, dybryd array - (n.) gwisg [-oedd, f.], trefn [-au, f.] array army - (v.) byddino [byddin-] array - (v.) arwisgo [arwisg-], cyfleu [cyfle-], gwisgo [gwisg-], trefnu [trefn-] arrears - (n.) o+l-ddyled [-ion, f.] arrest - (n.) arestiad [-au, m.], dalfa [dalfeydd, f.] arrest - (v.) arestio [aresti-], atal [atali-; 3.s. etyl, eteil*; 2.s.imp. atal], dal (dala) [dali-; 3.s. dail, deil; 2.s.imp. dal], restio [resti-] arrival - (n.) dyfodiad [-au, m.] arrive at - (v.) cyrraedd (cyr.haeddyd) [cyr.haedd- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cyraedd- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. cyrraedd, cyrraidd*; 2.s.imp. cyrraedd] { Do not be tempted to use a preposition with "cyrraedd" when it means "arrive at". For example, "cyrraedd Llanbedr" means to arrive in Llanbedr. } arrogance - (n.) balchder (balchedd) [m.], traha [m.], trahauster [m.] arrogant - (adj.) balch [pl. beilch, beilchion; balch- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], trahaus arrogate - (v.) hawlio [hawli-], trawshawlio [trawshawli-] arrow - (n.) saeth [-au, f.] art - (n.) celf [-au, f.], celfyddyd [-au, f.], ystryw [-iau, f.] { <B>Celf</B> is art as the production of pieces of beauty. } { <B>Celfyddyd</B> is art as the production of pieces of beauty. } { <B>Ystryw</B> is art as artifice or trickery. } martial arts - (n.) crefft ymladd artery - (n.) rhedweli [-%au, f.] artful - (adj.) cyfrwys, dichellgar, dyfeisgar, sgilgar, ystrywgar article - (n.) erthygl [-au, f.], nwydd [-au, m.], ysgrif [-au, f.] definite article - (n.) bannod [banodau, f.] articulate - (v.) cymalu [cymal-], cynanu [cynan-] { <B>Cymalu</B> means articulate in the sense of bending a joint. } { <B>Cynanu</B> means articulate in the sense of pronounce clearly. } artifice - (n.) dichell [-ion, f.], dyfais [dyfeisiau, f.], ystryw [-iau, f.] artificer - (n.) celfyddwr [celfyddwyr, m.], crefftwr [crefftwyr, m.], saer [seiri, m.] artificial - (adj.) celfyddydol, dodi, gosod artillery - (n.) offer rhyfel artillery - (n.pl.) magnel [-au, f.] artisan - (n.) crefftwr [crefftwyr, m.] artist - (n.) arlunydd [arlunwyr, m.], artist [m.], celfyddwr [celfyddwyr, m.] artistic - (adj.) artistig, celfydd, celfyddgar artless - (adj.) disyml as - (adv.) cyn, <A HREF="./Lesson05.html#mor">mor</A> { "Mor" is only used to modify adjectives, as in "mor fawr" -- so big. } as bad - (adj.) cynddrwg { "Cynddrwg" is the equative of "drwg". } as base - (adj.) ised { "Ised" is the equative of "isel".} as big - (adj.) cymaint { "Cymaint" is the equative of "mawr". } as broad as - (adj.) cyfled as depressed - (adj.) ised { "Ised" is the equative of "isel".} as far - (prep.) hyd [irreg.], tan (dan) [tan- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.5.1. First Conjugation">&prep1</A>; dan- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.5.1. First Conjugation">&prep1</A>] as fast as he can - (adj.) nerth ei draed as good - (adj.) cystal { "Cystal" is the equative of "da". } as high - (adj.) cyfuwch (cuwch) { "Cyfuwch (cuwch)" is the equative of "uchel". } as humble - (adj.) ised { "Ised" is the equative of "isel".} as ignoble - (adj.) ised { "Ised" is the equative of "isel".} as little - (adj.) lleied { "Lleied" is the equative of "bach". } as long - (adj.) cyhyd as loud as he can - (adj.) nerth esgyrn ei ben as low - (adj.) ised { "Ised" is the equative of "isel".} as lowly - (adj.) ised { "Ised" is the equative of "isel".} as many - (adj.) cymaint, cynifer { "Cymaint" is the equative of "mawr". } as many - (pron.) faint as mean - (adj.) ised { "Ised" is the equative of "isel".} as menial - (adj.) ised { "Ised" is the equative of "isel".} as much - (adj.) cymaint { "Cymaint" is the equative of "mawr". } as old - (adj.) hyned { "Hyned" is the equative of "hen". } as well - (adv.) cystal bitter as gall - (adj.) bustlaidd inasmuch as - (conj.) yn gymaint a+ serve as clerk - (v.) clercio [clerci-] so as - (conj.) megis so as - (prep.) megis stroll as minstrels - (v.) clera [cler-] twice as bright as - (adj.) deune as - (conj. & prep.) fel as - (conj.) a+ (ag), megis, ys as - (prep.) megis Asaph, St. - (prop.n.) Llanelwy asbestos - (n.) asbestos [m.], urael [m.], ystinos [m.] asbestos cloth - (n.) urael [m.] ascend - (v.) asgennu [asgenn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, asgen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], dringo [dring-], dyrchafael [dyrchafael-], dyrchafu [dyrchaf-; 3.s. dyrchaif*; 2.s.imp. dyrchaf], esgyn [esgynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, esgyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. esgyn], ymddyrchafu [ymddyrchaf-] ascendancy - (n.) goruchafiaeth [f.], uchafiaeth [f.] ascending - (adj.) esgynnol ascension - (n.) dyrchafael [m.], esgyniad [-au, m.] ascent - (n.) dringfa [dringfeydd, f.], esgynfa [esgynfeydd, f.], gorifyny [m.], rhiw [-iau, f.] ascertain - (v.) cael gwybod, mynnu gwybod ascetic - (adj.) asgetig, meudwyaidd, ymgosbol ascetic - (n.) meudwy [-aid, -od, m.] asceticism - (n.) asgetiaeth [f.] ascribe - (v.) cyfrif [cyfrif-], priodoli [priodol-], rhoi (rhoddi) [rhodd-, rho- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>; 1.s. rhof; 3.s. rhydd, rhy, dyry; 2.s. imp. rho, dyro; 3.s.pres. subj. rhotho] { The literary form of "rhoi" is "rhoddi". } asexual - (adj.) anrhywiol, dirywiol ash - (n.) lludu (lludw) [m.], onnen [onn, ynn, f.] { <B>Lludu (lludw)</B> is the kind of ash a fire leaves behind. } { <B>Onnen</B> is the kind of ash that grows in a forest. } mountain ash - (n.) criafolen [criafol, f.] ashamed - (adj.) ag arno gywilydd be ashamed - (v.) cywilyddio [cywilyddi-] feel ashamed - (v.) amliwio [amliwi-] ashes - (n.) lludu (lludw) [m.], llutrod [m.] ashes - (n.pl.) ulw ashore - (adv.) ar y lan, i'r lan { <B>Ar y lan</B> is ashore when you're on the shore. } { <B>I'r lan</B> is ashore when you're going ashore. } ashtray - (n.) plat lludw ashy - (adj.) lludlyd aside - (adv.) hwnt, o'r neilltu asinine - (adj.) asynnaidd, mulaidd ask - (v.) ceisio [ceisi-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. cais], erchi [arch-; 3.s. eirch], gofyn [gofynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, gofyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gofyn], holi [hol-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. hawl], ymofyn [ymofynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, ymofyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] { <B>Gofyn</B> can be used for asking a question, but can also mean requesting someone to do something. "Ymofyniad" is a request, a going to fetch or buy or whatever some real thing. } { <B>Holi</B> can be used to ask a question; it is to do with enquiry ("ymholiad", an enquiry, a seeking after information). "Holi" has to mean asking after information. } { To ask a question, you "gofyn cwestiwn". To ask a person, you "gofyn i berson". To ask a person a question, you "gofyn i berson am gwestiwn". } { You "erchi i" a person. } askance - (adv.) yn gam, yn llygatraws askew - (adj.) lletbai askew - (adv.) ar letraws, ar osgo aslant - (adv.) ar ei ogwydd asleep - (adv.) yn cysgu, yng nghwsg asp - (n.) asb [-iaid, f.] aspect - (n.) agwedd [-au, mf.], arwedd [-au, -ion, f.], golwg [golygon, mf.], golygwedd [-au, f.], gwedd [-au, -iau, f.], pryd [m.], trem [-iau, f.], wyneb (gwyneb) [-au, m.] { <B>Agwedd</B> is aspect as the appearance of something. } { <B>Arwedd</B> is aspect as a feature of a complex matter. } { <B>Golwg</B> is aspect as the sight of something. } { <B>Golygwedd</B> is aspect as a feature of a complex matter. } { <B>Gwedd</B> is aspect as the appearance of something. } { <B>Pryd</B> is aspect as the appearance of something. } { <B>Trem</B> is aspect as the sight of something. } { <B>Wyneb (gwyneb)</B> is aspect as the face of something. } aspen - (n.) aethnen [f.] asperity - (n.) gerwindeb (gerwinder) [m.], llymder (llymdra) [m.] asperse - (v.) gwaradwyddo [gwaradwydd-], taenellu [taenell-] aspersion - (n.) difri%ad [m.], enllib [-ion, -iau, m.] asphyxiate - (v.) mygu [myg-], tagu [tag-] aspirate - (v.) seinio ag anadl aspirate mutation - (n.) treigliad llaes aspiration - (n.) dyhead [-au, m.] aspire - (v.) dyheu [dyhe-] ass - (n.) asen [-nod, f.], asyn [-nod, m.] assail - (v.) rhuthro ar, ymosod ar assailant - (n.) ymosodwr [ymosodwyr, m.] assassin - (n.) bradlofrudd [-ion, m.], llofrudd [-ion, m.] assassinate - (v.) bradlofruddio [bradlofruddi-] assassination - (n.) bradlofruddiaeth [f.] assault - (n.) ymosodiad [-au, m.] assault - (v.) rhuthro [rhuthr-], ymosod ar assay - (n.) prawf (praw) [profion, m.] assay - (v.) ceisio [ceisi-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. cais], cynnig [cynigi-], profi [prof-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. prawf] assemble - (v.) cynnull [cynnull-], ymgynnull [ymgynnull-] assembly - (n.) cyman [f.], cymanfa [-oedd, f.], cynulleidfa [-oedd, f.] assent - (n.) cydsyniad [-au, m.] assent - (v.) cydsynio [cydsyni-] assert - (v.) haeru [haer-], honni [honn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, hon- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], mynnu [mynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, myn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. myn] assertion - (n.) haeriad [-au, m.], honiad [-au, m.] assess - (v.) asesu [ases-], prisio [prisi-], trethu (trethi) [treth-] assets - (n.) eiddo [m.] assets - (n.pl.) meddiannau asseverate - (v.) haeru ar ei wir, tyngu [tyng- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, tyngh- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. twng] assiduity - (n.) dyfalwch [m.] assiduous - (adj.) diwyd, dyfal assign - (v.) gosod [gosod-; 3.s. gesyd; 2.s.imp. gosod], penodi [penod-], trosglwyddo [trosglwydd-] assimilate - (v.) cymathu [cymath-], tebygu [tebyg-] { You "tebygu i" something. } assimilation - (n.) cymathiad [m.] assist - (v.) cymorth [cymorth-], cynorthwyo [cynorthwy-], helpu (helpio) [help-, helpi-] { "Cymorth" is a native Welsh word. } { "Helpu (helpio)" is a borrowing from English. It is commonly used. } assistance - (n.) cymorth [m.], help [m.] { "Cymorth" is a native Welsh word. } { "Help" is a borrowing from English. It is commonly used. } assistant - (adj.) cynorthwyol assistant - (n.) cynorthwywr [cynorthwywyr, m.] assize-court - (n.) brawdlys [-oedd, m.] associate - (n.) cydymaith [cymdeithion, m.], cysylltai [cysyllteiau?, m.] associate member - (n.) aelod cyswllt, aelod gohebol associate with - (v.) ymgystlwn [ymgystlyn-] associate - (v.) cyfeillachu [cyfeillach-], cymdeithasu [cymdeithas-], ymgyfeillachu [ymgyfeillach-] association - (n.) cymdeithas [-au, f.], cymdeithasfa [-oedd, f.] C.M. Association - (n.) sasiwn [sasiynau, mf.] word association - (n.) cysylltu geiriau assort - (v.) dosbarthu [dosbarth-], trefnu [trefn-] assortment - (n.) cybolfa [cybolfeydd, f.], cymysgfa [cymysgfeydd, f.] assuage - (v.) dofi [dof-], lleddfu [lleddf-], lliniaru [lliniar-], llonyddu [llonydd-] assume - (v.) cymryd arno, honni [honn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, hon- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], tybio (tybied) [tybi-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. tyb] { <B>Cymryd arno</B> is assume in the sense of taking on the appearance or personality of something or someone. } { The "arno" in "cymryd arno" is conjugated to reflect the person doing the pretending, as in "Rydw i'n cymryd arnaf" = "I am pretending". } assuming - (adj.) ymhongar assumption - (n.) bwriant [bwriannau, m.], honiad [-au, m.], tyb [-iau, mf.], tybiaeth [-au, f.] assurance - (n.) hyder [m.], hyfder (hyfdra) [m.], sicr.had [m.], sicrwydd [m.] { "Sicr.had" is accented on the final syllable, in contrast to the usual rule. } { <B>Hyder</B> is assurance in the sense of confidence. } { <B>Hyfder (hyfdra)</B> is assurance in the sense of confidence. } { <B>Sicr.had</B> is the kind of assurance you would give to someone. } { <B>Sicrwydd</B> is the kind of assurance you would give to someone. } assure - (v.) sicr.hau [sicr.- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], yswirio [yswiri-] { "Sicr.hau" is accented on the final syllable, in contrast to the usual rule. } asterisk - (n.) seren [se+r, f.], serennig [f.?] asthma - (n.) caethder (caethdra) [m.], diffyg anadl asthmatic - (adj.) byr ei wynt, caeth ei frest, myglyd astir - (adv.) mewn cyffro, wedi codi, yn symud astonish - (v.) synnu [synn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, syn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. synn] astonishing - (adj.) syn astound - (v.) syfrdanu [syfrdan-], synnu [synn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, syn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. synn] astral - (adj.) serol astray - (adj.) ar ddisberod, ar grwydr astray - (adv.) ar gyfeiliorn astride - (adv.) a+'r traed ar led astride - (prep.) acha astrologer - (n.) planedydd [-ion, m.], se+r-ddewin [-iaid, m.] astrology - (n.) se+r-ddewiniaeth [f.] astronaut - (n.) gofodwr [gofodwyr, m.] astronomer - (n.) serydd [-ion, m.], seryddwr [seryddwyr, m.] astronomical - (adj.) seryddol astronomy - (n.) seryddiaeth [f.] astute - (adj.) call, craff, cyfrwys, glew [pl. -ion] asunder - (adv.) ar waha+n, yn drylliau asylum - (n.) noddfa [-+u, noddfeydd, f.] insane asylum - (n.) gwallgofdy [gwallgofdai, m.] lunatic asylum - (n.) gwallgofdy [gwallgofdai, m.] at - (prep.) am [amdan- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.5.1. First Conjugation">&prep1</A>], ar [arn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.5.1. First Conjugation">&prep1</A>], at [at- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.5.1. First Conjugation">&prep1</A>], ger, wrth [irreg.], yn (ym; yng) [yn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.5.2. Second Conjugation">&prep2</A>] { The alternate forms of "yn" are a form of <A HREF="./Glossary.html#assimilation">assimilation</A> used when the following word experiences its <A HREF="./AppendixA.html#A.4. Nasal Mutation">nasal mutation</A>. See <A HREF="./Lesson07.html#7.1. How to Say My (and Other Nasally Mutated Things)">Section 7.1</A> for details. } aim at - (v.) ymgeisio [ymgeisi-] arrive at - (v.) cyrraedd (cyr.haeddyd) [cyr.haedd- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cyraedd- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. cyrraedd, cyrraidd*; 2.s.imp. cyrraedd] { Do not be tempted to use a preposition with "cyrraedd" when it means "arrive at". For example, "cyrraedd Llanbedr" means to arrive in Llanbedr. } at a gallop - (adv.) ar garlam at all - (adv.) o gwbl, oll at best - (adv.) ar y gorau at hand - (adv.) gerllaw at home - (adv.) gartref at last - (adv.) o'r diwedd at least - (adv.) o leiaf at length - (adv.) bellach at loggerheads - (adv.) penben at night - (adv.) liw nos at random - (adv.) ar amcan, ar antur at the right time - (adj.) ar yr adeg at the same time - (adv.) ar y cyd, ar yr un pryd { <B>Ar y cyd</B> is in co-operation (e.g., we will learn at the same time = we will learn together). } { <B>Ar yr un pryd</B> is simultaneously. } at the time - (adv.) ar y pryd at this time - (adv.) ar hyn o bryd at times - (adv.) ar adegau, ar brydiau become angry at - (v.) digio wrth cease work at eve - (v.) noswylio [noswyli-] glance at - (v.) cipedrych ar jeer at - (v.) coegi [coeg-] laugh at - (v.) chwerthin am ben look at - (v.) edrych ar look closely at - (v.) craffu ar now at length - (adv.) weithian (weithion) shout at - (v.) gweiddi ar smile at - (v.) gwenu ar stay at - (v.) aros wrth take offense (offence) at - (v.) digio wrth atheism - (n.) anffyddiaeth [f.], annuwiaeth [f.] atheist - (n.) anffyddiwr [anffyddwyr, m.], annuw (annuwiad) [annuwiaid, m.] Athens - (prop.n.) Athen athlete - (n.) mabolgampwr [mabolgampwyr, m.] athletic - (adj.) athletaidd (athletig) athletics - (n.pl.) mabolgamp [-au, f.] Atlantic - (prop.n.) Iwerydd atlas - (n.) atlas [f.?], llyfr mapiau atmosphere - (n.) awyrgylch [-au, -oedd, mf.] atmospheric - (adj.) awyrgylchol atom - (n.) atom [-au, mf.], cyrbibyn [cyrbibion, m.], gronyn [grawn, -nau, m.], mymryn [-nau, m.], rhithyn [rhithiau, m.] smashed to atoms - (adj.) chwilfriw atomic - (adj.) atomig atomic power station - (n.) atomfa [-+u, atomfeydd, f.] atomician - (n.) atomegwr [atomegwyr, m.], atomegydd [-ion, m.] atomics - (n.) atomeg [f.] atomism - (n.) atomiaeth [f.] atomize (atomise) - (v.) atomeiddio [atomeiddi-] atone - (v.) gwneud iawn atonement - (n.) cymod [m.], iawn [m.] atoning - (adj.) iawnol atrocious - (adj.) anfad, erchyll, ysgeler atrocity - (n.) erchyllter [-au, m.] atrophy - (n.) annhyfiant [m.] attach - (v.) atafaelu [atafael-], glynu [glyn-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gly+n], gosod [gosod-; 3.s. gesyd; 2.s.imp. gosod], ymlynu [ymlyn-] { <B>Atafaelu</B> is attach in the sense of putting a lien on something. } { <B>Glynu</B> is attach when you stick something onto an object; it is a <A HREF="./Glossary.html#transitive verb">transitive verb</A>. } { <B>Ymlynu</B> is attach when you stick onto an object; it is a <A HREF="./Glossary.html#intransitive verb">intransitive verb</A>. } attachment - (n.) serch [-iadau, m.], ymlyniad [m.] { <B>Serch</B> is an emotional attachment. } { <B>Ymlyniad</B> is the kind of attachment in which one object is affixed to another. } attack - (n.) chwiw [-iau, f.], cyrch [-au, -oedd, m.], gorddin [m.], pwl [pyliau, m.], rhuthr [-au, m.], ymosodiad [-au, m.] attack - (v.) cyrchu [cyrch-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. cyrch], rhuthro [rhuthr-], ymosod [ymosod-; 3.s. ymesyd; 2.s.imp. ymosod], ymosod ar attacker - (n.) ymosodwr [ymosodwyr, m.] attain - (v.) cael gafael, cyrraedd (cyr.haeddyd) [cyr.haedd- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cyraedd- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. cyrraedd, cyrraidd*; 2.s.imp. cyrraedd], ennill [enill-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. ennill] attainable - (adj.) cyraeddadwy attainment - (n.) cyr.haeddiad [cyraeddiadau, m.] attempt - (n.) antur [-iau, f.], cais [ceisiadau, m.], cynnig [cynigion, m.], ymgais [ymgeisiadau, mf.] attempt - (v.) anelu [anel-], ceisio [ceisi-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. cais], cynnig [cynigi-] attend - (v.) dilyn [dilyn-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. dilyn], gweini [gweinydd-], mynychu [mynych-], ystyried [ystyri-] { <B>Dilyn</B> is attend in the sense of going along with. } { <B>Gweini</B> is attend in the sense of serve. } { <B>Mynychu</B> is attend in the sense of being present. } { <B>Ystyried</B> is attend in the sense of paying attention to. } attend to - (v.) ymorol [ymorol-] attendance - (n.) gwasanaeth [-au, m.], presenoldeb [m.] { <B>Gwasanaeth</B> is attendance in the sense of service. } { <B>Presenoldeb</B> is the kind of attendance you call at a meeting. } attendant - (n.) gweinyddes [-au, f.] attending - (adj.) arail attention - (n.) sylw [-adau, m.], ystyriaeth [-au, f.] attention deficit disorder - (n.) anhwylder diffyg canolbwyntio pay attention - (v.) canolbwyntio [canolbwynti-] attentive - (adj.) achlust, astud, ystyriol attentiveness - (n.) astudrwydd [m.] attenuate - (v.) lleihau [llei- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], teneuo [teneu-] attenuation - (n.) lleihad [m.] attest - (v.) ardystio [ardysti-], gwirio [gwiri-], tystio [tysti-] attestation - (n.) ardystiad [-au, m.] attested - (adj.) ardyst, ardystiedig attic - (n.) nenlofft [-ydd, f.], nennawr [m.?] attire - (n.) dilledyn [dillad, m.], gwisg [-oedd, f.], trwsiad [m.] attire - (v.) gwisgo [gwisg-] attitude - (n.) agwedd [-au, mf.], osgo [m.], ystum [-iau, mf.] { <B>Ystum</B> is the kind of attitude an airplane has with respect to the wind. } attorney - (n.) cyfreithiwr [cyfreithwyr, m.], twrnai [twrneiod, m.] attract - (v.) atynnu [atynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, atyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], denu [den-], hudo [hud-], tynnu [tynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, tyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. tyn, tynn; 2.s.imp. tyn] attraction - (n.) atynfa [atynfeydd, f.], atyniad [-au, m.], tynfa [tynfeydd, f.] attractions - (n.pl.) deniadau attractive - (adj.) atyniadol (atynnol), den.gar, deniadol attractiveness - (n.) den.garwch [m.] attribute - (n.) priodoledd [-au, m.], priodoliaeth [-au, f.] attribute - (v.) cyfrif [cyfrif-], priodoli [priodol-] attrition - (n.) rhathiad [m.], traul [treuliau, f.], treuliad [m.] attune - (v.) cyweirio [cyweiri-], hwylio [hwyli-] auburn - (adj.) brown.goch, gwinau auction - (n.) arwerthiant [arwerthiannau, m.], ocsiwn [m.] sell by auction - (v.) arwerthu [arwerth-] silent auction - (n.) arwerthiant mud auction - (v.) arwerthu [arwerth-] auctioneer - (n.) arwerthwr [arwerthwyr, m.] audacious - (adj.) beiddgar, digywilydd, haerllug, hy (hyf) audacity - (n.) beiddgarwch [m.], ehofndra (ehofnder) [m.], hyfder (hyfdra) [m.] audible - (adj.) clau, clywadwy, hyglyw audience - (n.) cynulleidfa [-oedd, f.] audience - (n.pl.) gwrandawyr audit - (n.) archwiliad [-au, m.] audit accounts - (v.) archwilio cyfrifon audit - (v.) archwilio [archwili-] auditor - (n.) archwiliwr [archwilwyr, m.], clywedydd [-ion, m.], gwrandawr [gwrandawyr, m.] { <B>Archwiliwr</B> is the kind of auditor who audits accounts. } { <B>Clywedydd</B> is the kind of auditor who listens to something. } { <B>Gwrandawr</B> is the kind of auditor who listens to something. } auger - (n.) ebill [-ion, m.], taradr [terydr, m.], trwyddew [m.] aught - (n.) dim [m.] { <B>Dim</B> must appear in a negative context in order to have the meanings "nothing", "aught", "naught", or "nil". } augment - (v.) atodi [atod-], ychwanegu [ychwaneg-] augur - (n.) dewin [-iaid, m.] augur - (v.) argoeli [argoel-], darogan (daroganu) [darogan-] augury - (n.) dewiniaeth [f.] August - (n.) Awst [m.] august - (adj.) mawreddog, urddasol Augustine - (prop.n.) Awstin aunt - (n.) modryb [-edd, f.] auricular confession - (n.) clustgyffes [f.] auspices - (n.) nawdd [m.] auspicious - (adj.) ffafriol, yn argoeli'n dda austere - (adj.) caled [pl. -ion; calet- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], gerwin, llym [f. llem; pl. -ion; llym- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], tost Australia - (prop.n.) Awstralia Austria - (prop.n.) Awstria autarchy - (n.) awtarchiaeth [-au?, f.] authentic - (adj.) dilys [dilys- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], gwir author - (n.) awdur [-on, -iaid, m.], awdwr [awdwyr, m.] authoress - (n.) awdures [-au, f.] authoritative - (adj.) awdurdodol authority - (n.) awdurdod [-au, m.] authorize (authorise) - (v.) awdurdodi [awdurdod-] authorized (authorised) - (adj.) awdurdodedig authorship - (n.) awduriaeth [f.] autobiography - (n.) hunan.gofiant [hunan.gofiannau, m.] autocracy - (n.) awtocratiaeth [f.], unbennaeth [f.] autocrat - (n.) awtocrat [-iaid, m.], dyn awdurdodol, unben [-iaid, unbyn, m.] autocratic - (adj.) awtocratig autograph - (n.) llofnod [-au, -ion, m.] automatic - (adj.) awtomatig, hunanysgogol automatize (automatise) - (v.) awtomateiddio [awtomateiddi-] automaton - (n.) peiriant dienaid, ymsymudydd [-ion, m.] autonomy - (n.) ymreolaeth [f.] autumn - (n.) hydref [-au, m.] autumnal - (adj.) hydrefol auxiliary - (adj.) ategol, cynorthwyol auxiliary - (n.) cynorthwywr [cynorthwywyr, m.] avail - (n.) budd [-ion, m.], lles [m.] avail - (v.) buddio [buddi-], llesa/u [lles- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>], tycio [tyci- {only 3.s. forms exist}] available - (adv.) ar gael avalanche - (n.) cwymp eira, syrthfa [f.] avarice - (n.) arian.garwch [-au?, m.], cybydd-dod (cybydd-dra) [m.], trachwant [-au, m.] avaricious - (adj.) arian.gar, cybyddlyd avenge - (v.) dial [dial-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. dial], dial cam avenger - (n.) dialwr [dialwyr, m.], dialydd [-ion, m.] avenue - (n.) mynedfa [-oedd, mynedfeydd, f.], rhodfa [rhodfeydd, f.] aver - (v.) gwirio [gwiri-], haeru [haer-] average - (n.) canolbris [-iau, m.], cyfartaledd [m.] averse - (adj.) gelynol, gwrthwynebol aversion - (n.) cas [m.], casbeth [-au, m.], gwrthwynebiad [-au, m.] { <B>Cas</B> is the kind of aversion you avoid. } { <B>Casbeth</B> is the kind of aversion you avoid. } { <B>Gwrthwynebiad</B> is the kind of aversion you feel. } avert - (v.) gochel (gochelyd) [gochel-], troi heibio aviary - (n.) adardy [adardai, m.] aviator - (n.) awyrennwr [awyrennwyr, m.] avidity - (n.) awch [m.], awydd [-au, m.], gwanc [f.] avocado - (n.) afocado [m.?] avocation - (n.) galwedigaeth [-au, f.], gorchwyl [-ion, m.] avoid - (v.) arbed [arbed-; 3.s. arbed, erbyd*; 2.s.imp. arbed], gochel (gochelyd) [gochel-], golaith [goleith-], osgoi [osgo-], ymogel (ymogelyd) [ymogel-] { "Osgoi" is accented on the final syllable, in contrast to the normal rule. } avoidable - (adj.) gocheladwy avoidance - (n.) gocheliad [-au, m.] avouch - (v.) arddelu (arddelwi) [arddel-], gwirio [gwiri-], haeru [haer-] avow - (v.) addef [addef-], arddel [arddel-], cydnabod [cydna- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.5. The -bod and -fod Endings">&bod</A>] await - (v.) aros [ar.hos- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, aros- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. erys; 2.s.imp. aros], disgwyl am awake - (adj.) anhunawd, di-hun (dihun), effro awake - (v.) deffro (deffroi) [deffro- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>; 3.s. deffry; 2.s.imp. deffro], dihuno [dihun-] awakening - (n.) deffroad [-au, m.] award - (n.) dyfarniad [-au, m.] award - (v.) dyfarnu [dyfarn-] aware - (adj.) hysbys, ymwybodol awareness - (n.) arwybod [m.] away - (adv.) ar gerdded, draw, hwnt, i ffwrdd, ymaith do away with - (v.) gwaredu (gwared) [gwared-; 3.s. gwared, gweryd*; 2.s.imp. gwared] move away - (v.) nesu draw pass away - (v.) mynd heibio run away - (v.) baglan [baglan- ?], baglu [bagl-], coedio [coedi-] { <B>Coedio</B> has the meanings "beat" or "escape" only in the N. Wales dialect. } awe - (n.) ofnadwyaeth [f.], parchedig ofn awe - (v.) rhoi arswyd awful - (adj.) aflawen, anaele, arswydus, certh, diffwys, ofnadwy awhile - (adv.) am dro, am ennyd awkward - (adj.) afrwydd, anghyfleus, carbwl, chwithig, lletchwith, llibin, trwsgl [f. trosgl], trwstan tall awkward fellow - (n.) carwden [-ni, f.] awkwardness - (n.) chwithigrwydd [m.], trwstaneiddiwch [m.] awl - (n.) mynawyd [-au, m.] awn - (n.) col [-ion, m.] awning - (n.) cysgodlen [-ni, f.] awry - (adj.) lletbai awry - (adv.) ar letraws, o chwith axe - (n.) bwyell (bwyall) [bwyeill, bwyyll, -i, -au, f.] { The "y" in "bwyell" has the <A HREF="./Lesson01.html#clear">clear</A> sound, in contrast to the normal rule. } axial - (adj.) pegynol axiom - (n.) gwireb [-au, -ion, f.] axis - (n.) echel [-au, f.], pegwn [pegynau, m.] axle - (n.) echel [-au, f.], gwerthyd [-au, -oedd, f.] axletree - (n.) echel [-au, f.] ay - (adv.) <A HREF="./Lesson06.html#ie">ie</A> aye - (adv.) byth, yn wastad azure - (adj.) asur azure - (n.) asur [m.?], glas y ffurfafen </PRE><H2><A NAME="B">B</A></H2> <PRE> babble - (n.) baldordd [m.], dwndwr [m.] babble - (v.) baldorddi (baldorddan) [baldordd-], clebran [clebr-], coethi [coeth-], prepian [prepi-], rwdlan (rwdlo) [rwdl-] { "Rwdlan (rwdlo)" may be more common in N. Wales. } babbler - (n.) baldorddwr [baldorddwyr, m.], clepgi [clepgwn, m.] babbling - (adj.) baldorddus babe - (n.) baban [-od, m.], maban [-od, m.], plentyn bach baby - (n.) baban [-od, m.], babi [m.], maban [-od, m.] babyhood - (n.) babandod [m.], babiaeth [f.] babyish - (adj.) babanaidd, babiaidd Babylon - (prop.n.) Babilon bachelor - (n.) baglor [-ion, m.], dyn dibriod, hen lanc { <B>Baglor</B> is the kind of bachelor who receives a degree at a university. } { <B>Dyn dibriod</B> is the kind of bachelor who has no wife. } { <B>Hen lanc</B> is the kind of bachelor who has no wife. } bachelorship - (n.) bagloriaeth [f.] bacillus - (n.) bacilws [-au?, m.] back - (adj.) o+l back stroke - (n.) nofio cefn flow back - (v.) adlifo [adlif-] give back - (v.) atroi (ad-droi) [atro- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>, ad-dro- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>; 3.s. atry, ad-dry; 2.s.imp. atro, ad-dro] hark back - (v.) dychwelyd [dychwel-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. dychwel] small of the back - (n.) main y cefn, mein.gefn [-au?, m.] turn back - (v.) atroi (ad-droi) [atro- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>, ad-dro- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>; 3.s. atry, ad-dry; 2.s.imp. atro, ad-dro] turn one's back - (v.) cefnu [cefn-] back - (adv.) gwrthol back - (n.) cefn (cefen) [-au, m.], cil [-iau, -ion, m.], gwar [-rau, mf.], gwegil [mf.], gwrthol [m.], swmer [-au, m.] back - (pfx.) dad- (dat-) { "Dad- (dat-)" causes a soft mutation to the affixed stem. } back - (v.) bacio [baci-], bagio [bagi-], cefnogi [cefnog-], cefnu [cefn-] backbite - (v.) absennu [absenn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, absen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] backbiter - (n.) absennwr [absenwyr, m.] back-chain - (n.) carwden [-ni, f.] background - (n.) cefndir [-oedd, m.] backhoe loader - (n.) jac-codi-baw [m.] { Earth diggers in the UK are largely made by a company known as JCB, and some wag decided that this stood for "Jac Codi Baw" (Jack Lifts Dirt), by which they are now popularly known. } backslash - (n.) o+l slaes backslide - (v.) gwrthgilio [gwrthgili-] backslider - (n.) gwrthgiliwr [gwrthgilwyr, m.] backsliding - (n.) gwrthgiliad [-au, m.] backward - (adj.) araf (arafaidd) [araf- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], digynnydd, hwyrfrydig backward - (adv.) yn o+l backwards - (adj.) llwr ei gefn backwards - (adv.) yn wysg ei gefn bacon - (n.) bacwn [bacynau, m.], cig moch [m.] flitch of bacon - (n.) hanerob [-au, f.], ystlys mochyn bacteriologist - (n.) bacteriolegwr [bacteriolegwyr, m.] bacteriology - (n.) bacterioleg [f.] bacterium - (n.) bacteriwm [bacteria, m.] bad - (adj.) drwg [cynddrwg; gwaeth; gwaethaf], drygionus, gwael [gwael- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], sa+l [sal- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>] as bad - (adj.) cynddrwg { "Cynddrwg" is the equative of "drwg". } bad cold - (n.) annwyd trwm bad luck - (n.) anlwc [m.] bad taste - (n.) adflas [-au, m.] badge - (n.) bathodyn [bathodau, -nau, m.] badger - (n.) broch [-od, -ion, m.], mochyn daear badger - (v.) poeni [poen-], profocio [profoci-] badinage - (n.) cellwair [cellweiriau, m.], ysmaldod [m.] badness - (n.) drygioni [m.] baffle - (v.) drysu [drys-], siomi [siom-], trechu [trech-] bag - (n.) bag [-iau, -au, m.], cod [-au, f.], cwd [cydau, cydiau, m.], ffetan [-au, f.], pwrs [pyrsau, m.] bag - (v.) bagio [bagi-], sachu [sach-] bagful - (n.) codaid (coded) [codeidiau, f.], cydaid (cyded) [cydeidiau, m.] baggage - (n.) clud [mf.], corodyn [m.], pac [-iau, m.] baggage - (n.pl.) celficyn [celfi, m.] baggy - (adj.) codog bah - (interj.) pw bail - (n.) bael [m.], gwystl [-on, m.], mach [m.], mechni [-%on, m.], mechni%ydd [-ion, m.], meichiau [meichiafon, m.] go bail - (v.) mechni%o [mechni%-] bail - (v.) hysbyddu cwch bailiff - (n.) beili [-%aid, -%au, m.], ceisbwl [ceisbyliaid, m.], goruchwyliwr [goruchwylwyr, m.], rhingyll [-iaid, m.] farm bailiff - (n.) hwsmon [hwsmyn, m.] bait - (n.) abwyd (abwydyn) [abwydod, m.] bait - (v.) abwydo [abwyd-], baeddu (maeddu) [baedd-, maedd-], baetio [baeti-], eirthio [eirthi-] bake - (v.) crasu [cras-], pobi [pob-] bakehouse - (n.) popty [poptai, m.] baker - (n.) pobwr [pobwyr, m.], pobydd [-ion, m.] baking - (n.) crasiad [m.], pobiad [-au, m.] Bala - (prop.n.) Y Bala Bala Lake - (prop.n.) Llyn Tegid balance - (n.) clorian [-nau, mf.], cydbwysedd [m.], gweddill [-ion, m.], mantol [-ion, f.] { <B>Clorian</B> is the kind of balance you use to weigh things. } { <B>Cydbwysedd</B> is the kind of balance you maintain when you walk a tightrope. } { <B>Gweddill</B> is the kind of balance that remains when some have been taken away. } { <B>Mantol</B> is the kind of balance you use to weigh things. } balance sheet - (n.) mantolen [-ni, f.] balance - (v.) cloriannu [cloriann- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, clorian- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], mantoli [mantol-] { <B>Cloriannu</B> is balance when you weigh on a scale. } { <B>Mantoli</B> is balance when you weigh on a scale. } balcony - (n.) balcon [m.?], oriel [-au, f.] bald - (adj.) moel [pl. -ion], penfoel become bald - (v.) moeli [moel-] make bald - (v.) moeli [moel-] balderdash - (n.) baldordd [m.], ffiloreg [f.], ffregod [-au, f.], lol [f.] baldness - (n.) moelni [m.] bale - (n.) pwn [pynnau, m.], sypyn [-nau, m.] bale - (v.) hysbyddu cwch baleful - (adj.) alaethus, galarus, gresynol balk (baulk) - (n.) balc [-iau, m.], sinach [-od, sinechydd, m.], siom [-au, f.] full of balks (baulks) - (adj.) balciog balk (baulk) - (v.) balcio [balci-], llesteirio (llestair) [llesteiri-], seithugio [seithugi-], siomi [siom-], ystyffylu [ystyffyl-] ball - (n.) bw+l [bylau, m.], cnapan [-au, m.], dawns [-iau, f.], dawnsfa [f.], pe+l [pelau, peli, f.], pellen [-nau, -ni, f.] { <B>Dawns</B> is the kind of ball you dance at. } { <B>Dawnsfa</B> is the kind of ball you dance at. } { <B>Pe+l</B> is the kind of ball you roll. } { <B>Pellen</B> is specifically a ball of yarn. } ballad - (n.) baled [-i, -au, f.], dyri (dyrif) [dyri%au, dyrifau, f.] composer of ballads - (n.) baledwr [baledwyr, m.] balladic - (adj.) baledol balladmonger - (n.) baledwr [baledwyr, m.] ballast - (n.) balast [m.?] ballet - (n.) bale [-oedd?, m.] ballistics - (n.) balisteg [f.] balloon - (n.) awyren [-nau, -ni, f.], balw+n [-au, mf.] ballot - (n.) balot [m.], tugel [-ion, m.] balluster - (n.) balustr [m.] balm - (n.) balm [m.], triagl [m.] balmy - (adj.) balmaidd balsam - (n.) triagl [m.] bamboo - (n.) bambw+ [m.] bamboozle - (v.) llygad-dynnu [llygad-dynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, llygad-dyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], twyllo [twyll-] ban - (n.) diofryd [m.], ysgymundod [m.] ban - (v.) diofrydu [diofryd-], gwahardd [gwahardd-; 3.s. gwaheirdd*], ysgymuno [ysgymun-] banal - (adj.) cyffredin, sathredig band - (n.) aig (eigiau) [f.], band [-au, -iau, m.], caw [-iau, -au, m.], cengl [-au, f.], mintai [minteioedd, f.], rhwymyn [-nau, m.], seindorf [seindyrf, f.], ysnoden [-ni, f.] { <B>Mintai</B> is band in the sense of troop. } { <B>Rhwymyn</B> is band as in a narrow strip. } { <B>Seindorf</B> is the kind of band that plays music. } Band of Hope - (n.) gobeithlu [-oedd, m.] broad band - (n.) band llydan intermediate band - (n.) band canol narrow band - (n.) band cul percussion band - (n.) seindorf daro wide band - (n.) band llydan bandage - (n.) rhwymyn [-nau, m.] bandage - (v.) rhwymo [rhwym-], rhwymynnu [rhwymynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, rhwymyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] bandbox - (n.) bocs hetiau bandit - (n.) herwr [herwyr, m.], ysbeiliwr [ysbeilwyr, m.] bandwidth - (n.) lled band, llinled [m.] bandy - (v.) taflu yn o+l a blaen bandy-legged - (adj.) bon.gam, coesgam bane - (n.) dinistr [-oedd, m.], melltith [-ion, f.] baneful - (adj.) adwythig, andwyol, dinistriol bang - (n.) ergyd [-ion, f.], twrf [tyrfau, m.] bang - (v.) clepian [clepi-], curo [cur-], dulio [duli-] bangle - (n.) breichled [-au, -i, f.] banish - (v.) alltudio [alltudi-], deol [deol-] banishment - (n.) alltudedd [-au, m.], alltudiaeth [f.] banjo - (n.) bandor [m.] bank - (n.) ariandy [ariandai, m.], banc [-iau, m.], banc [bencydd, m.], ceulan [-nau, ceulennydd, f.], glan [-nau, glennydd, f.], mainc [meinciau, f.], ponc (poncen) [ponciau, f.], poncyn [ponciau, m.], rhes [-i, -au, f.] { <B>Ariandy</B> is the kind of bank you keep money in. } { <B>Banc</B> with plural "banciau" is the kind of bank you keep money in. } { <B>Banc</B> with plural "bencydd" is the kind of bank on the side of a hill. } { <B>Glan</B> is the kind of bank that lines a river. } { <B>Mainc</B> is the kind of bank you sit on. } { <B>Ponc (poncen)</B> is the kind of bank that lines a river. } { <B>Poncyn</B> is the kind of bank that lines a river. } { <B>Rhes</B> is the kind of bank you line things up in. } bank of river - (n.) torlan [torlennydd, -nau, f.] bank of sand - (n.) traethell [-au, f.] bank - (v.) bancio [banci-] banker - (n.) ariannydd [arianyddion, m.], bancwr [bancwyr, m.] bankrupt - (n.) methdalwr [methdalwyr, m.] bankruptcy - (n.) methdaliad [-au, m.] banner - (n.) amlygyn [-nau, m.], baner [-i, -au, f.], baniar [banieri, mf.], lluman [-au, m.] bannered - (adj.) banerog banns - (n.pl.) gosteg [-ion, f.] banquet - (n.) gwledd [-oedd, f.] banquet - (v.) gwledda [gwledd-] bantam - (n.) coriar [corieir, f.], dandi [m.?] banter - (n.) cellwair [cellweiriau, m.], ysmaldod [m.] banter - (v.) cellwair [cellweir- ?], profocio [profoci-] baptism - (n.) bedydd [-iau, m.] baptismal - (adj.) bedyddiol Baptist - (n.) Bedyddiwr [Bedyddwyr, m.] baptistry - (n.) bedyddfa [bedyddfa+u, bedyddfeydd, f.] baptize - (v.) bedyddio [bedyddi-] baptized - (adj.) bedyddiol bar - (n.) bar [-rau, m.], bollt [-au, -ydd, byllt, m.], calen [-ni, -nau, f.], rhwystr [-au, m.], trosol [-ion, m.] { <B>Bar</B> means "bar" in the following senses: (1) A piece of metal. (2) A place where prisoners stand in a court. (3) The counter in a tavern. (4) A measure of poetry or music. } { <B>Rhwystr</B> is bar in the sense of an obstacle. } horizontal bar - (n.) bar llorwedd parallel bars - (n.) barrau cyflin sand bar - (n.) traethell [-au, f.] wall bars - (n.) barrau gwal bar - (v.) bario [bari-], eithrio [eithri-] barb - (n.) adfach [-au, m.], barf [-au, f.] { <B>Adfach</B> is the kind of barb on a hook. } { <B>Barf</B> is the kind of barb men grow on their faces. } barbarian - (n.) anwar (anwarddyn) [-iaid, m.], anwariad [anwariaid, m.], barbariad [barbariaid, m.] barbaric - (adj.) anninasol (anninasaidd*) barbarism - (n.) barbariaeth [m.] barbarity - (n.) anwareidd-dra [m.], barbareidd-dra [m.], barbareiddiwch [m.] barbarize - (v.) barbareiddio [barbareiddi-] barbarous - (adj.) anwar [anwar- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], anwaraidd barber - (n.) barbwr [barbwyr, m.], barfwr [barfwyr, m.], eilliwr [eillwyr, m.] bard - (n.) bardd [beirdd, m.], prydydd [-ion, m.] chaired bard - (n.) cadeirfardd [cadeirfeirdd, m.] chief bard - (n.) prifardd [prifeirdd, m.] bardic - (adj.) barddol, barddoni%aidd bardism - (n.) barddas [mf.] bards - (n.) cle+r [coll.f.] Bardsey Island - (prop.n.) Ynys Enlli bare - (adj.) llwm [f. llom; pl. llymion], moel [pl. -ion], noeth [pl. -ion], prin [pl. -ion; prin- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>] { <B>Prin</B> is the way a cupboard is bare. } make bare - (v.) llymhau [llym- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] bare - (v.) dinoethi [dinoeth-], noethi [noeth-] bare-backed - (adj.) cefnllwm bare-bottomed - (adj.) bonllwm barefaced - (adj.) wynebgaled barefoot - (adj.) troednoeth barefooted - (adj.) troednoeth bare-head - (n.) moelyn [m.] bare-headed - (adj.) pennoeth barely - (adv.) o'r braidd, prin bareness - (n.) llymder (llymdra) [m.], moelni [m.], noethder [m.] bargain - (n.) bargen [bargeinion, -ion, -iau, f.] bargain - (v.) bargeinio (bargenna) [bargeini-, bargenn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, bargen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] barge - (n.) bad mawr, ysgraff [-au, f.] baritone - (n.) barito+n [m.] bark - (n.) barc [m.], cyfarthiad [-au, m.], llestr [-i, m.], llong [-au, f.], rhisgl [m.] { <B>Barc</B> is a borrowing of the English "bark" describing what a tree has. } { <B>Cyfarthiad</B> is the kind of bark a dog produces. } { <B>Rhisgl</B> is the usual word describing a tree's cover. } bark - (v.) arthio (arthu) [arthi-], coethi [coeth-], cyfarth [cyfarth-], digroeni [digroen-], dirisglo [dirisgl-] { <B>Cyfarth</B> is what a dog does. } { <B>Digroeni</B> is removing the outer covering of something. } { <B>Dirisglo</B> is removing the bark from a tree. } barley - (n.) barlysyn [barlys, m.] grain of barley - (n.) heidden [haidd, f.] barley - (n.pl.) haidd, heidden [haidd, f.] barleycorn - (n.) heidden [haidd, f.] barm - (n.) berem [m.], berman [m.], burum (burman) [m.] Barmouth - (prop.n.) Abermo, Y Bermo barn - (n.) ysgubor [-iau, f.] barometer - (n.) baromedr [m.], hinfynegydd [-ion, m.] baron - (n.) arglwydd [-i, m.], barwn [-iaid, m.], bre%yr [brehyrion, -iaid, m.] baroness - (n.) barwnes [-au, f.] baronet - (n.) barwnig [-iaid, m.] baronial - (adj.) barwnol barony - (n.) barwniaeth [-au, f.] barrack - (n.) gwersyllty [gwersylltai, m.], lluest [-au, m.], lluesty [lluestai, m.] barrage - (n.) argae [-au, m.], clawdd [cloddiau, m.] barrel - (n.) baril [-au, mf.], casgen (casg) [-ni, casgiau, f.] barren - (adj.) amhlantadwy, anffrwythlon, anghyfeb, diffrwyth, hysb [f. hesb; pl. hysbion] barren cow - (n.) myswynog [-ydd, -au, f.] make barren - (v.) diffrwytho [diffrwyth-] barrenness - (n.) diffrwythdra (diffrwythder) [m.] barricade - (n.) atalglawdd [atalgloddiau, m.] barricade - (v.) cau [cae-; 3.s. cae; 2.s.imp. cau, caua, caea] barrier - (n.) atalfa [atalfeydd, f.], ffin [-iau, f.], rhwystr [-au, m.], terfyn [-au, m.] barrister - (n.) bargyfreithiwr [bargyfreithwyr, m.], cyfreithiwr [cyfreithwyr, m.], twrnai [twrneiod, m.] barrow - (n.) berfa [berfa+u, berfeydd, f.], crug [-iau, m.], whilber [m.?] { <B>Berfa</B> is the kind of barrow you wheel around. } { <B>Crug</B> is the kind of barrow you might bury someone under. } { <B>Whilber</B> is a borrowed word for the kind of barrow you wheel around. } barter - (n.) cyfnewid [-iau, m.] barter - (v.) cyfnewid [cyfnewidi-], ffeirio [ffeiri-] Bartholomew - (prop.n.) Bartholomeus base - (adj.) anwych, diffaith, distadl, gau, gwael [gwael- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], isel [ised; is; isaf] as base - (adj.) ised { "Ised" is the equative of "isel".} base coin - (n.) arian drwg base - (n.) bo+n [bonau, bonion, m.], sail [seiliau, f.], sylfaen [sylfeini, f.] { <B>Bo+n</B> is the kind of base that is at the bottom of something. } { <B>Sail</B> is the kind of base you build upon. } { <B>Sylfaen</B> is the kind of base you build upon. } base - (v.) seilio [seili-], sylfaenu [sylfaen-] baseless - (adj.) di-sail bashful - (adj.) cywilyddgar, gw+yl, gwylaidd, swil, yswil bashfulness - (n.) gwylder [m.], gwyleidd-dra [m.], swilder [m.], yswildod [m.] basin - (n.) basn [-ys, -au, m.], cawg [-iau, m.], dysgl [-au, f.], mail [meiliau, f.] basis - (n.) sail [seiliau, f.], sylfaen [sylfeini, f.] bask - (v.) tor.heulo [tor.heul-], ymheulo [ymheul-] bask in the sun - (v.) bolheulo [bolheul-] basket - (n.) basged [-i, -au, f.], cawell [cewyll, m.] round basket without handle - (n.) gwyntell [-i, -au, f.] basketful - (n.) basgedaid (basgeded) [basgedeidiau, f.], cawellaid (cawelled) [cawelleidiau, m.] basket-maker - (n.) basgedwr [basgedwyr, m.], cawellwr [cawellwyr, m.] bas-relief - (n.) basgerfiad [-au, m.] bass - (adj.) bas bass - (n.) bas [-au, m.], isalaw [-on, f.] bastard - (n.) bastard (bastart) [-iaid, m.], plentyn gordderch female bastard - (n.) bastardes [-au, f.] bastardy - (n.) bastardiaeth [f.] baste - (v.) brasbwytho [brasbwyth-], brasteru [braster-], ffonodio [ffonodi-], ffustio (ffusto) [ffusti-, ffust-], iro [ir-] { <B>Brasteru</B> is baste in the sense of putting grease over something. } { <B>Ffonodio</B> is baste in the sense of beat. } { <B>Ffustio (ffusto)</B> is baste in the sense of beat. } { <B>Iro</B> is baste in the sense of putting grease over something. } bastinado - (v. & n.) ffonodio gwadnau'r traed bat - (n.) bat [-iau, m.], ystlum (slumyn) [-od, m.] { <B>Bat</B> is the kind of bat you hit a ball with. } { <B>Ystlum (slumyn)</B> is the kind of bat that flies at night. } bat - (v.) batio [bati-] batch - (n.) ffyrnaid [m.], pobiad [-au, m.], swp [sypiau, m.], sypyn [-nau, m.] bath - (n.) badd [-au, m.], baddon [-au, m.], bath [-au, m.], ymolchfa [ymolchfeydd, f.] bathe - (v.) golchi [golch-; 3.s. gylch; 2.s.imp. golch], ymdrochi [ymdroch-], ymolchi [ymolch-] { (bathe} <B>Golchi</B> is bathe as a <A HREF="./Glossary.html#transitive verb">transitive verb</A>. } { <B>Ymdrochi</B> is bathe as an <A HREF="./Glossary.html#intransitive verb">intransitive verb</A>. } { <B>Ymolchi</B> is bathe as an <A HREF="./Glossary.html#intransitive verb">intransitive verb</A>. } bather - (n.) ymdrochwr [ymdrochwyr, m.] bathetic - (adj.) affwysol bathos - (n.) affwysedd [m.] bathroom - (n.) ty+ bach baton - (n.) arweinffon [arweinffyn, f.], byrllysg [-au, mf.], llawffon [llawffyn, f.], pastwn [pastynau, m.] { <B>Arweinffon</B> is the kind of baton used by an orchestra's conductor. } { <B>Byrllysg</B> is baton as a weapon. } { <B>Llawffon</B> is the kind of baton you twirl. } { <B>Pastwn</B> is baton as a weapon. } battalion - (n.) bataliwn [m.?], byddin [-oedd, f.], mintai [minteioedd, f.] batten - (v.) ymbesgi [ymbesg-], ymfrasa/u [ymfras- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>] batter - (n.) batwr [batwyr, m.], defnydd crempog batter - (v.) curo [cur-], pwyo [pwy-] battery - (n.) batri [m.], cyflegr [-au, m.], magnelfa [f.] { <B>Batri</B> is the battery that provides electricity. } { <B>Cyflegr</B> is the kind of battery that is a heavy weapon. } { <B>Magnelfa</B> is the kind of battery that stores weapons. } battle - (n.) aerfa [f.], arfod [f.], bragad [f.], brwydr [-au, f.], cad [-au, -oedd, f.], cyfergyr [f.], cyfrysedd [-au, mf.], gorun [m.], gryd [m.], trin [-oedd, f.] battle cry - (n.) rhyfelgri [-au, -oedd, m.] battle - (v.) brwydro [brwydr-] battle-axe - (n.) cadfwyell (cadfwyall) [cadfwyeill, cadfwyyll, m.] battlement - (n.) canllaw [-iau, m.], murganllaw [-iau, m.] battleship - (n.) cadlong [-au, f.] bauble - (n.) ffril [-ion, m.], tegan [-au, m.] bawl - (v.) bloeddio (bloeddian) [bloeddi-], crochlefain [crochlef-], cwrnad [cwrnad-], gweiddi (gwaeddi) [gweidd-, gwaedd-], lleisio [lleisi-] bay - (adj.) gwinau, gwineugoch bay of building - (n.) cowlas [-au, mf.] bay - (n.) bachwy [-on, m.], bae [-au, m.], cilfach [-au, f.], cyfarth [m.], llawryf [-oedd, m.] { <B>Bae</B> is the kind of bay with water. } { <B>Cyfarth</B> is the kind of bay you do at the moon. } bay - (v.) cyfarth [cyfarth-] bayonet - (n.) bidog [-au, mf.] bayonet - (v.) bidogi [bidog-] bazaar - (n.) basa+r [m.?], nodachfa [nodachfeydd, f.] be - (v.) bod [irreg.] be abashed - (v.) yswilio [yswili-] be able - (v.) dichon [def.], gallu [gall-; 3.s. gall, geill; 2.s.imp. gall], medru [medr-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. medr] { "Gallu" is used predominantly in S. Wales. } { "Medru" is used predominantly in N. Wales. Compared to "gallu", it has the additional sense of "know how to". } { <B>Dichon</B> expresses an abstract sort of potentiality: it is usually translated as if it were the adverb "perhaps" (= it might be that). "Fe ddichon fod": it might be (that). There is a school of thought that says that "dichon" is archaic; since I use it myself I do not subscribe to this. } be able to - (v.) gallu [gall-; 3.s. gall, geill; 2.s.imp. gall], medru [medr-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. medr] { "Gallu" is used predominantly in S. Wales. } { "Medru" is used predominantly in N. Wales. Compared to "gallu", it has the additional sense of "know how to". } be amazed - (v.) synnu [synn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, syn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. synn] be angry - (v.) llidio [llidi-] be anxious - (v.) pryderu [pryder-] be ashamed - (v.) cywilyddio [cywilyddi-] be besotted with - (v.) bod wedi mopio efo be born - (v.) geni [gan- {only impers. forms exist}] be confused - (v.) drysu [drys-] be conscious of - (v.) ymdeimlo [ymdeiml-] be contemporary - (v.) cyfoesi [cyfoes-] be content - (v.) bodloni [bodlon-] be derived - (v.) hanu [han-], tarddu [tardd-, 3.s. & 2.s.imp. tardd] be descended - (v.) hanu [han-] be displeased - (v.) sorri [sorr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, sor- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] be frightened - (v.) dychrynu [dychryn-] be hurt - (v.) anafu [anaf-] be in service - (v.) gweini [gweinydd-] be inclined - (v.) ymglywed [ymglyw-] be jealous - (v.) cenfigennu [cenfigenn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cenfigen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], eiddigeddu [eiddigedd-], gwenwyno [gwenwyn-] { You "cenfigennu wrth" a person. } } be lazy - (v.) diogi [diog-] be lost - (v.) colli [coll-; 3.s. cyll; 2.s.imp. coll] { (perish} <B>Colli</B> is perish when something dies. } be mad - (v.) ynfydu [ynfyd-] be obliged - (v.) gorfod [gor- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.5. The -bod and -fod Endings">&fod</A>; 3.s. goryw*] be obstinate - (v.) cildynnu [cildynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cildyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], cyndynnu [cyndynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cyndyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] be of good courage - (v.) ymwroli [ymwrol-] be present - (v.) presenoli [presenol-] be reconciled - (v.) cymodi [cymod-] be related - (v.) perthyn [perthyn-] be related to - (v.) perthyn i be restless - (v.) anesmywtho [anesmywth-] be satisfied - (v.) bodloni [bodlon-] be satisfied with - (v.) bodloni ar be silent - (v.) tewi [taw-; 3.s. tau*; 2.s.imp. taw] be sorry - (v.) edifar.hau (edifaru) [edifar- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>, edifar-] be strong - (v.) ymgryfhau [ymgryf- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] be surprised - (v.) synnu [synn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, syn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. synn] be uneasy - (v.) anesmywtho [anesmywth-] be worth - (v.) talu [tal-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. ta+l] it may be - (adv.) dichon not to be recrossed - (adj.) diadlam to be praised - (adj.) moliannus unable to be checked - (adj.) anhyludd beach - (n.) beiston [-nau, f.], traeth [-au, m.], traethell [-au, f.] beach - (v.) gyrru ar y traeth beacon - (n.) coelcerth [-i, f.], goleudy [goleudai, m.], gwylfa [-+u, gwylfeydd, f.] bead - (n.) glain [gleiniau, gleinion, m.] beadle - (n.) rhingyll [-iaid, m.] beads - (n.pl.) pader [-au, m.] beak - (n.) duryn [m.], gylfin [-od, -au, m.], pig [-au, f.] beam - (n.) carfan [-au, f.], dist [-iau, m.], paladr [pelydr, m.], pelydr [-au, m.], pelydryn [m.], swmer [-au, m.], trawst [-iau, m.], tulath (tylath) [-au, f.] beam - (v.) pelydru [pelydr-] bean - (n.) ffa+en (ffeuen) [ffa, f.] kidney beans - (n.) ffa ffrengig bear - (n.) arth [eirth, mf.] bear again - (v.) aileni [ailen-] bear children - (v.) planta [plant-] bear false witness - (v.) camdystiolaethu [camdystiolaeth-] bear fruit - (v.) ffrwytho [ffrwyth-] bear up - (v.) ymgynnal [ymgynhali-] bear with - (v.) cyd-ddwyn a+ [cyd-ddyg-], ymaros [ymaros-; 3.s. ymerys; 2.s.imp. ymaros] bear witness - (v.) tystiolaethu [tystiolaeth-] bear - (v.) arweddu [arwedd-], cario [cari-], cludo [clud-], dioddef [dioddef-], dwyn [dyg-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. dwg; impers.past ind. dycpwyd, ducpwyd; 2.s.pres. subj. dygech; 3.s.pres. subj. dyco], esgor ar, geni [gan- {only impers. forms exist}], goddef [goddef-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. goddef], ymddw+yn [ymddyg-] { <B>Cludo</B> means to carry. } { <B>Dioddef</B> is bear in the sense of endure. } { <B>Dwyn</B> is bear when you bear arms. } { <B>Esgor ar</B> is bear in the sense of giving birth to a child. } { <B>Geni</B> is bear in the sense of giving birth to a child. } { <B>Ymddw+yn</B> is conceive or bear when it refers to a baby. } bearable - (adj.) goddefadwy beard - (n.) barf [-au, f.], col y+d bearded - (adj.) barfog bearer - (n.) arweddwr [arweddwyr, m.], dygiedydd [-ion, m.] bearing - (n.) arwedd [-au, -ion, f.], atgyfeiriad [-au, m.], dygiad [m.] beast - (n.) anifail [anifeiliaid, m.], bwystfil [-od, -edd, m.], bwystfiles [-au, f.], milyn [milod, m.], ysgrubl [-iaid, m.] beastly - (adj.) anifeilaidd, bwystfilaidd beat - (n.) cur [-iau, m.], curiad [-au, m.], trawiad (tarawiad) [-au, m.] beat about - (v.) bwhwman [bwhwman- ?] beat with a rod - (v.) gwialenodio [gwialenodi-] beat - (v.) baeddu (maeddu) [baedd-, maedd-], coedio [coedi-], curo [cur-], dulio [duli-], ffonodio [ffonodi-], ffustio (ffusto) [ffusti-, ffust-], pwnio [pwni-], pwyo [pwy-], stompio (ystompio) [stompi-, ystompi-], waldio [waldi-] { <B>Coedio</B> has the meanings "beat" or "escape" only in the N. Wales dialect. } beater - (n.) curwr [curwyr, m.] beatific - (adj.) gwynfydedig, gwynfydus beating - (n.) curfa [curfeydd, f.], maethgen [-nau, f.] beatitude - (n.) gwynfyd [-au, m.] beau - (n.) coegyn [-nod, m.] beauties - (n.pl.) dillynion beautiful - (adj.) arddun, arddunol, berth, eirian, gla+n [gleni- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], hardd [pl. heirdd, heirddion; hardd- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], mirain, pefr, prydferth [prydferth- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], teg [tec- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], telaid beautify - (v.) harddu [hardd-], mireinio [mireini-], prydferthu [prydferth-], teca/u [tec- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>] beauty - (n.) addfwynbryd [m.], ardduniad [m.], ceinder [m.], glendid [m.], harddwch [m.], mireinder [m.], prydferthwch [m.], tegwch [m.] beauty parlor (parlour) - (n.) parlwr pincio beauty salon - (n.) parlwr pincio beaver - (n.) afanc [-od, m.], llostlydan [-od, m.] becalm - (v.) llonyddu [llonydd-], tawelu [tawel-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. tawela] because - (conj.) achos, canys (cans), oblegid, oherwydd { "Canys (cans)" is a somewhat old-fashioned word. } because of - (prep.) gan (chan) [irreg.] { "Chan" is a literary form of "gan" that can appear in a context that requires the <A HREF="./AppendixA.html#A.3. Aspirate Mutation">aspirate mutation</A>. } because - (prep.) achos, am [amdan- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.5.1. First Conjugation">&prep1</A>], o achos, oblegid, oherwydd (o herwydd), wrth [irreg.] beck - (n.) amnaid [amneidiau, f.], awgrym [-au, -iadau, m.] beckon - (v.) amneidio [amneidi-], arwyddoca/u [arwyddoc- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>] become - (v.) dod (dyfod; dw+ad) [irreg.], gweddu [gwedd-], <A HREF="./Lesson05.html#mynd">mynd</A> (myned) [irreg.], ymwneud (ymwneuthur) [ymwn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.6. The mynd Endings (and the Verb mynd)">&mynd</A>; ymwnel- {only (1.s. & 2.s. & p.)pres. ind. forms exist}; 3.s. ymwnel] { "Dod" is used in S. Wales and "dw+ad" in N. Wales. The literary version is "dyfod". } { "Myned" is the literary form of "mynd". } { <B>Dod (dyfod; dw+ad)</B> is become when the speaker likes the change. "Mae hi'n dod yn oer" is "It's becoming cold (at last!)". } { <B>Mynd (myned)</B> is become when the speaker is opposed to the change. "Mae hi'n mynd yn oer" is "It's becoming cold (and I don't like it)". } become a member - (v.) aelodi [aelod-], ymaelodi [ymaelod-] become a ruin - (v.) adfeilio [adfeili-] become accustomed - (v.) cynefino [cynefin-] become angry - (v.) digio [digi-] become angry at - (v.) digio wrth become angry with - (v.) digio wrth become bald - (v.) moeli [moel-] become blue - (v.) glasu [glas-] become confused - (v.) ffwndro [ffyndr-] become day - (v.) dyddhau [dydd- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], dyddio [dyddi- {only 3.s. forms exist}] become dejected - (v.) anhyfrydu [anhyfryd-] become dissolved - (v.) ymdoddi [ymdodd-] become engaged - (v.) dyweddi%o [dyweddi%-] become enlarged - (v.) ymehangu [ymehang-] become familiar - (v.) cyfarwyddo [cyfarwydd-] become flesh - (v.) ymgnawdoli [ymgnawdol-] become fruitful - (v.) ffrwythloni [ffrwythlon-] become giddy - (v.) madroni [madron-], penddaru [penddar-] become green - (v.) glasu [glas-] become grey (gray) - (v.) glasu [glas-] become healed - (v.) ymiacha/u [ymiach- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>] become incarnate - (v.) ymgnawdoli [ymgnawdol-] become ingrained - (v.) greddfu [greddf-] become moldy (mouldy) - (v.) llwydo [llwyd-] become night - (v.) nosi [nos- {only 3.s. forms exist}] become pale - (v.) amliwio [amliwi-] become quiet - (v.) tawelu [tawel-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. tawela] become rough - (v.) chwerwi [chwerw-] become straight - (v.) ymunioni [ymunion-] become surety - (v.) mechni%o [mechni%-] becoming - (adj.) cymen, gweddus bed - (n.) gorweddfa [-oedd, f.], gorweddfan [-nau, f.], gwa+l [-au, f.], gwely [-au, gwela+u, m.] { <B>Gwely</B> is the usual word for bed. } garden bed - (n.) cefn (cefen) [-au, m.], pa+m [pamau, m.] Bede - (prop.n.) Beda bedeck - (v.) addurno [addurn-], trwsio [trwsi-] bedew - (v.) gwlitho [gwlith-], gwlychu [gwlych-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gwlych] bedfellow - (n.) cywely [mf.] bedgown - (n.) betgwn [mf.] bedizen - (v.) addurno [addurn-], gwychu [gwych-] bedraggled - (adj.) cagledig bedridden - (adj.) gorweiddiog bedroom - (n.) llofft [-ydd, f.], ystafell wely bedsheet - (n.) cynfas [-au, fm.] bedside - (n.) erchwyn [-ion, -nau, mf.] bedstead - (n.) haearn gwely, pren gwely bee - (n.) gwenynen [gwenyn, f.] wild bee - (n.) cacynen [cacwn, f.] beech tree - (n.) ffawydden [ffawydd, f.] beef - (n.) biff [m.?], cig eidion, eidion [-nau, m.] { <B>Biff</B> is a blatant borrowing from English. } { <B>Cig eidion</B> is the kind of beef you eat. } { <B>Eidion</B> is beef that is on the hoof. } beehive - (n.) bydaf [-au, mf.], cwch [cychod, m.], gwenyn [m.] beekeeper - (n.) gwenynwr [gwenynwyr, m.] beer - (n.) bi+r [m.], cwrw [cyrfau, m.], tablen [f.] beestings - (n.pl.) llaeth newydd, llaeth tor beet - (n.) betysen [betys, f.] beetle - (n.) chwil [-od, mf.], chwilen [chwilod, f.] befall - (v.) damweinio [damweini-], digwydd [digwydd-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. digwydd] befit - (v.) gweddu [gwedd-] before - (adv.) o'r blaen day before yesterday - (adv.) echdoe day before yesterday - (n.) echdoe [m.] neither before nor after - (adv.) na chynt na chwedyn night before last - (adv.) echnos night before last - (n.) echnos [f.] before - (prep.) anad, cyn, gerbron, o flaen, rhag [rhag- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.5.2. Second Conjugation">&prep2</A>] { "Gerbron" is conjugated when used with pronouns, e.g., "ger ei fron" = "before him", "ger fy mron" = "before me". } { <B>Gerbron</B> is before in a spatial but not a temporal sense. } beforehand - (adv.) ymlaen llaw befoul - (v.) caglo (caglu) [cagl-] befriend - (v.) bod yn gefn, ymgeleddu [ymgeledd-] beg - (v.) cardota [cardot-], ceinioca [ceinioc-], crefu [cref-], deisyf (deisyfu) [deisyf-], erfyn [erfyni-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. erfyn], ymbil (ymbilio) [ymbil-, ymbili-] { <B>Cardota</B> is the what a beggar does. } { You "crefu ar" a person. } { You "erfyn ar" a person. } beget - (v.) cenhedlu [cenhedl-], creu [cre-], peri [par-; 3.s. pair, pa+r; 2.s.imp. pa+r] beget children - (v.) planta [plant-] beggar - (n.) achenog [-ion, m.], cardotyn (cardotwr) [cardotwyr, m.] beggar - (v.) llymhau [llym- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], tlodi [tlod-] begin - (v.) dechrau [dechreu-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. dechrau] beginner - (n.) dechreuwr [dechreuwyr, m.] beginning - (n.) babandod [m.], cychwyniad [-au, m.], dechrau [m.], dechreuad [-au, m.] { <B>Babandod</B> is the beginning of a life. } beguile - (v.) difyrru [difyrr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, difyr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], hudo [hud-], swyno [swyn-], twyllo [twyll-] behalf - (n.) achos [-ion, m.], plaid [pleidiau, f.], rhan [-nau, f.], tu [m.] on behalf - (prep.) ar ran on behalf of - (prep.) tros (dros) [irreg.] behave - (v.) ymarweddu [ymarwedd-], ymddwyn [ymddyg-] behave frivolously - (v.) gwamalio (gwamalu) [gwamal-] behave obstinately - (v.) ystyfnigo [ystyfnig-] behave ostentatiously - (v.) rhodresa [rhodres-] behavior (behaviour) - (n.) ymarweddiad [-au, m.], ymddygiad [-au, m.] behavioral (behavioural) - (adj.) ymddygiadol behead - (v.) torfynyglu [torfynygl-], torri pen behest - (n.) arch [eirchion, f.], archiad [m.] behind - (prep.) ar o+l, tu cefn, tu o+l, yn o+l behold - (interj.) wele behold there - (adv.) dacw behold - (v.) canfod [can- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.5. The -bod and -fod Endings">&fod</A>], edrych (edrychyd) [edrych-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. edrych], gweld (gweled) [gwel-; 3.s. gwe+l, gwy+l*; 2.s.imp. gwe+l; 3.s.imp. wele] beholder - (n.) edrychwr [edrychwyr, m.] behoof - (n.) budd [-ion, m.], elw [m.], lles [m.], mantais [manteision, f.] behoove - (v.) bod yn rhwymedig ar being - (n.) bod [-au, mf.] belabor (belabour) - (v.) baeddu (maeddu) [baedd-, maedd-], curo [cur-] belated - (adj.) diweddar [diweddar- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>] belch - (v.) brytheirio [brytheiri-], bytheirio [bytheiri-] beleaguer - (v.) gwarchae [gwarchae-] { You "gwarchae ar" something. } belfry - (n.) clochdy [clochdai, m.] Belial - (n.) y fall belie - (v.) anwireddu [anwiredd-], siomi [siom-] belief - (n.) coel [-ion, f.], cred [-au, f.], crediniaeth [-au, f.], credo [-au, mf.] { <B>Coel</B> is ultimately to do with omens and casting lots, and tends to get associated with "ofergoel" (superstition) but apart from overtones like this, it is essentially interchangeable with "cred" and it shouldn't ever cause offence to use either to tell someone that you believe what they say, or anything like that. } { <B>Cred</B> is a faith, a religion, a belief. } believable - (adj.) credadwy believe - (v.) coelio [coeli-], credu [cred-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. cred], synied (synio) [syni-] { <B>Coelio</B> means "believe" in both a religious and non-religious context, such as believing what someone says. } { <B>Credu</B> predominantly means to believe in a religious sense. } believer - (n.) credadun [credinwyr, -ion, m.], credwr [credwyr, m.] believing - (adj.) credadun (crededun), crediniol belittle - (v.) bychanu [bychan-], difenwi [difenw-] bell - (n.) cloch [clych, clychau, f.] diving bell - (n.) suddgloch [suddglychau, f.] belle - (n.) meinwen [f.], merch brydweddol bellicose - (adj.) rhyfelgar, ymladdgar belligerent - (adj.) rhyfelog belligerent - (n.) rhyfelblaid [f.] bellman - (n.) clochydd [-ion, m.] bellow - (v.) breferad [breferad-], bugunad [bugunad-], peuo [peu-], rhuo [rhu-] bellowing - (n.) breferad [-au, m.], bugunad [m.] bellows - (n.) megin [-au, f.] work bellows - (v.) megino [megin-] belly - (n.) bol (bola) [boliau, m.], cest [-au, -iau, f.], rhumen [f.], tor [-rau, f.] belly - (v.) bolio [boli-] bellyful - (n.) bolaid (boled) [boleidiau, m.] belong - (v.) deiryd (deirydu) [deiryd-], perthyn [perthyn-] belong to - (v.) perthyn i belongings - (n.) eiddo [m.] belongings - (n.pl.) meddiannau beloved - (adj.) annwyl [anwyl- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], cariadus, cu beloved by - (adj.) annwyl gan, annwyl i beloved - (n.) anwylyd [anwyliaid, mf.] belovedness - (n.) anwyldeb [m.] below - (adv.) isod, obry, oddi tanodd, tanodd below - (prep.) goris, is, islaw belt - (n.) belt [-iau, m.?], gwregys [-au, m.] seat belt - (n.) belt diogelwch bemoan - (v.) arwylo [arwyl-], galaru am bench - (n.) ffwrwm [ffyrymau, f.], mainc [meinciau, f.] bend - (n.) bach [-au, mf.], camedd [m.], elin [-au, -oedd, f.], tro [-eau, -eon, m.], troad [-au, m.], trofa [trofeydd, -+u, f.], ystum [-iau, mf.] sharp bend - (n.) bachdro [-eau, -eon, m.] bend - (v.) anelu [anel-], bachu (bacho) [bach-], camu [cam-], crymu [crym-], gwyro [gwyr-], plygu [plyg-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. plyg], ystumio [ystumi-], ystwytho [ystwyth-] bending - (n.) annel [anelion, anelau, f.] beneath - (adv.) isod, obry, tanodd beneath - (prep.) goris, is, islaw, tan (dan) [tan- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.5.1. First Conjugation">&prep1</A>; dan- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.5.1. First Conjugation">&prep1</A>] benediction - (n.) bendith [-ion, f.] benefactor - (n.) cymwynaswr [cymwynaswyr, m.], elusennwr [elusennwyr, m.], noddwr [noddwyr, m.] benefice - (n.) bywoliaeth eglwysig, personoliaeth [f.] beneficent - (adj.) daionus, llesfawr beneficial - (adj.) buddiol, daionus, llesol benefit - (n.) budd [-ion, m.], elw [m.], lles [m.], llesa+d [m.], llesiant [m.] benefit - (v.) elwa [elw-], llesa/u [lles- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>] benevolence - (n.) elusen.garwch [m.] benevolent - (adj.) daionus, elusen.gar, haelionus benighted - (adj.) tywyll [f. tywell] benign - (adj.) mwyn [mwyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], tirion bent - (adj.) crwca bent - (n.) gogwydd [-iadau, m.], meddylfryd [m.], tuedd [-iadau, -au, mf.], tueddfryd [m.] benumb - (v.) diffrwytho [diffrwyth-], fferru [fferr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, ffer- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], merwino [merwin-] bequeath - (v.) cymynnu [cymynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cymyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], cymynroddi [cymynrodd-] bequest - (n.) cymynrodd [-ion, f.] berate - (v.) dwrdio [dwrdi-], tafodi [tafod-] bereave - (v.) amddifadu [amddifad-], difuddio [difuddi-] berry - (n.) aeronen [aeron, f.], mwyaren [mwyar, f.] olive berries - (n.pl.) olifaid berth - (n.) gwely llongwr, lle llong, swydd [-au, -i, f.] { <B>Gwely llongwr</B> is the kind of berth you park a sailor in. } { <B>Lle llong</B> is the kind of berth you park a ship in. } beryl - (n.) beryl [m.] beseech - (v.) aswyno [aswyn-], atolygu (atolwg) [atolyg-], deisyf (deisyfu) [deisyf-], erfyn [erfyni-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. erfyn], ymbil (ymbilio) [ymbil-, ymbili-], ymhw+edd [ymhwedd-] { You "erfyn ar" a person. } beseem - (v.) gweddu [gwedd-] beset - (v.) amgylchynu [amgylchyn-], cynllwyn [cynllwyn-] beset with trials - (adj.) profedigaethus beside - (adv.) gerllaw beside - (prep.) heblaw, wrth [irreg.], wrth ochr, yn ymyl besides - (prep.) eithr, heblaw besiege - (v.) gwarchae [gwarchae-] { You "gwarchae ar" something. } besieged - (adj.) gwarchaee%dig besmirch - (v.) llychwino [llychwin-], pardduo [parddu-] besom - (n.) ysgubell [-au, f.] besot - (v.) dylu [dyl- {only imperf. & plup. forms exist}], ffoli [ffol-], gwirioni [gwirion-], meddwi [meddw-] besotted with, be - (v.) bod wedi mopio efo bespeak - (v.) ymofyn ymlaen llaw best - (adj.) gorau { "Gorau" is the sup. of "da". } at best - (adv.) ar y gorau best - (n.pl.) goreuon best - (v.) ennill [enill-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. ennill] bestial - (adj.) bwystfilaidd bestir - (v.) cyffroi [cyffro- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>; 3.s. cyffry] bestir oneself - (v.) ymysgwyd [ymysgydw-] bestow - (v.) anrhegu [anrheg-], cyflwyno [cyflwyn-], rhoi (rhoddi) [rhodd-, rho- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>; 1.s. rhof; 3.s. rhydd, rhy, dyry; 2.s. imp. rho, dyro; 3.s.pres. subj. rhotho] { The literary form of "rhoi" is "rhoddi". } bestow gold - (v.) euro [eur-] bestride - (v.) camu yn groes i, eistedd yn groes i bet - (n.) bet [-ys, -iau, f.], cyngwystl [-on, -ion, mf.] bet - (v.) betio [beti-], dal am betide - (v.) damweinio [damweini-], digwydd [digwydd-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. digwydd] betimes - (adv.) yn brydlon, yn fore betoken - (v.) argoeli [argoel-], arwyddo [arwydd-] betray - (v.) bradychu [bradych-] betrayal - (n.) brad [-au, m.], bredych [-au, -ion, m.] betroth - (v.) dyweddi%o [dyweddi%-] betrothal - (n.) dyweddi [-%au, f.], dyweddi%ad [m.] betrothed - (n.) dyweddi [-%au, mf.] better - (adj. & adv.) gwell, rhagorach { "Gwell" is the comp. of "da". } better and better - (adj.) gwellwell better - (adj.) amgen (amgenach) better - (adv.) amgen (amgenach) better - (v.) gwella [gwell-], gwellhau [gwell- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] bettering - (n.) gwellhad [m.] between - (prep.) cyd-rhwng, rhwng [rhyng- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.5.2. Second Conjugation">&prep2</A>] betwixt - (prep.) cyd-rhwng, rhwng [rhyng- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.5.2. Second Conjugation">&prep2</A>] beverage - (n.) diod [-ydd, f.] bevy - (n.) haid o adar, twr o enethod bewail - (v.) cwyno (cwynfan; cwynofain) [cwyn-], galarnadu [galarnad-] beware - (v.) gochel (gochelyd) [gochel-], gwylio (gwylied) [gwyli-], ymgroesi [ymgroes-], ymochel (ymochelyd) [ymochel-], ymogel (ymogelyd) [ymogel-], ymswyno [ymswyn-] beware! - (interj.) hidia befo! { "Hidia befo" is N. Wales dialect. } bewilder - (v.) drysu [drys-], mwydro [mwydr-], pensyfrdanu [pensyfrdan-] bewildered - (adj.) ffwndrus bewitch - (v.) llygad-dynnu [llygad-dynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, llygad-dyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], rheibio [rheibi-], swyno [swyn-] beyond - (adv.) hwnt, trosodd, tu hwnt beyond - (prep.) y tu hwnt i bi- - (pfx.) dau- (deu-) { "Dau- (deu-)" causes a soft mutation to the affixed stem. } bias - (n.) gogwydd [-iadau, m.], rhagfarn [-au, f.], tuedd [-iadau, -au, mf.] biased - (adj.) parti%ol bib - (v.) diota [diot-], llymeitian (llymeitio) [llymeiti-] Bible - (adj.) Beiblaidd Bible - (n.) Beibl [-au, m.] biblical - (adj.) Beiblaidd bibliography - (n.) llyfryddiaeth [f.] bicker - (v.) cecru [cecr-], ffraeo [ffrae-], ymgecru [ymgecr-], ymrafaelio [ymrafaeli-] { "Ffraeo" is used primarily in N. Wales. } bicycle - (n.) beic [-s, m.], ceffyl haearn, deurod [f.] bid - (v.) cynnig [cynigi-], erchi [arch-; 3.s. eirch], gwahodd (gwadd) [gwahodd-], peri [par-; 3.s. pair, pa+r; 2.s.imp. pa+r] { You "erchi i" a person. } bid farewell - (v.) ffarwelio [ffarweli-] bidding - (n.) arch [eirchion, f.], archiad [m.] bide - (v.) aros [ar.hos- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, aros- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. erys; 2.s.imp. aros], disgwyl [disgwyli-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. disgwyl] biennial - (adj.) dwyflynyddol bier - (n.) elor [-au, -ydd, f.] bier - (n.pl.) esyth { "Esyth" is a colloquial term. } big - (adj.) braisg, bwr [f. byr], mawr [pl. -ion; cymaint; mwy; mwyaf] as big - (adj.) cymaint { "Cymaint" is the equative of "mawr". } big girl - (n.) llafnes [-au, -i, f.] bigamy - (n.) dwywreigiaeth [f.] big-bellied - (adj.) boliog bigger - (adj.) mwy { "Mwy" is the comp. of "mawr". } biggest - (adj.) mwyaf { "Mwyaf" is the sup. of "mawr". } bigot - (n.) dallbleidiwr [dallbleidwyr, m.], penboethyn [penboethiaid, m.] bigoted - (adj.) dallbleidiol bigotry - (n.) dallbleidiaeth [f.] bike - (n.) beic [-s, m.] bilberry - (n.) llusen [llus, f.] bile - (n.) bustl [-au, m.], geri [m.] bilingual - (adj.) dwyieithog (dwyieithiol) bilingualism - (n.) dwyieithedd [m.], dwyieitheg [f.] bill - (n.) bil [-iau, m.], duryn [m.], gylfin [-od, -au, m.], hysbyslen [-ni, f.], mesur [-au, m.], pig [-au, f.], rhaglen [-ni, f.], turs [-iau, m.] { <B>Duryn</B> is the kind of bill a bird has. } { <B>Gylfin</B> is the kind of bill a bird has. } { <B>Hysbyslen</B> a bill that is a placard. } { <B>Pig</B> is the kind of bill a bird has. } billboard - (n.) hysbyslen [-ni, f.] billet - (n.) llety milwr billet - (v.) lletya [llety-] billhook - (n.) bilwg [bilygau, m.] billion - (n.) biliwn [-au?, m.] { "Biliwn" is one of the few Welsh words that never mutates. } billow - (n.) gwaneg [-au, gwenyg, f.], moryn [-nau, m.], ton [-nau, f.] billow - (v.) tonni [tonn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, ton- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] billowy - (adj.) tonnog billy-goat - (n.) bwch gafr bin - (n.) cist [-iau, f.] bind - (v.) caethiwo [caethiw-], rhwymo [rhwym-] bind oneself - (v.) ymrwymo [ymrwym-] binder - (n.) rhwymwr [rhwymwyr, m.] binding - (n.) band [-au, -iau, m.], rhwymiad [-au, m.] bindweed, great - (n.) cloffrwym y cythraul, cloffrwym y mwci binful - (n.) cistaid (cisted) [cisteidiau, f.] biographer - (n.) bywgraffydd [-ion?, m.], cofiannydd [cofianyddion, m.] biographical - (adj.) bywgraffiadol, bywgraffyddol biography - (n.) buchdraeth [-au, f.], bywgraffiad [-au, m.], cofiant [cofiannau, m.] biologist - (n.) biolegwr [biolegwyr, m.] biology - (n.) bioleg [f.], bywydeg [f.] biped - (n.) creadur deudroed bipedal - (adj.) deudroed bipolar - (adj.) deubegwn bipolar disorder - (n.) anhwylder deubegwn birch - (n.) bedwen [bedw, f.], gwialen fedw birch grove - (n.) betws [m.] birch - (v.) chwipio [chwipi-] bird - (n.) aderyn [adar, m.], edn [-od, mf.], ehediad [ehediaid, m.] bird of prey - (n.) bery [-on, m.] catch birds - (v.) adara [adar-] full of birds - (adj.) adarog having form of bird - (adj.) adarog pertaining to birds - (adj.) adarog, adarol young bird - (n.) cyw [-ion, m.] bird-catcher - (n.) adarwr [adarwyr, m.] bird-lime - (n.) glud [-ion, m.] birth - (n.) genedigaeth [f.] give birth - (v.) esgor [esgor-] give birth to - (v.) esgor ar birthday - (n.) pen-blwydd [m.] birthmark - (n.) man geni biscuit - (n.) bisged [-i, f.], bisgeden [f.] bisect - (v.) dwyrannu [dwyrann- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, dwyran- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] bisection - (n.) dwyraniad [-au, m.] bisector - (n.) dwyrannydd [-ion, m.] bishop - (n.) esgob [-ion, m.] bishopric - (n.) esgobaeth [-au, f.] bison - (n.) bual [buail, -au, -od, m.], ych gwyllt bit - (n.) bit [m.], cat [-iau, m.], cetyn [catiau, m.], chwithryn (chwythryn) [m.], dernyn [-nau, m.], did [-au, m.], genfa [genfa+u, genfeydd, f.], mymryn [-nau, m.], tamaid (tamed) [tameidiau, m.], tipyn [-nau, tipiau, m.], yfflyn [yfflon, m.] { <B>Bit</B> is a blatant borrowing from English. } bit of poetry - (n.) pill [-ion, m.] least bit - (n.) puryn [m.] little bit - (n.) bachigyn [bachigion, m.] bitch - (n.) gast [geist, f.] greyhound bitch - (n.) miliast [milieist, f.] bite - (n.) brath [-au, m.], cno [-eon, m.], cnoad [-au, m.], tamaid (tamed) [tameidiau, m.] { <B>Tamaid (tamed)</B> is the kind of bite as in "grab a bite to eat." } that bites - (adj.) brathog bite - (v.) brathu [brath-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. brath], cnoi [cno- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>; 3.s. cny*; 2.s.imp. cno], cydio [cydi-] biting - (adj.) brathog bitmap - (n.) didfap [-iau, f.] bitter - (adj.) agerw, chwerw [chwerw- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], tost bitter as gall - (adj.) bustlaidd grow bitter - (v.) chwerwi [chwerw-] bittern - (n.) aderyn y bwn, bwmp y gors bitterness - (n.) chwerwder (chwerwdod; chwerwedd) [m.] bitumen - (n.) pyg [m.] bituminous - (adj.) pyglyd bizarre - (adj.) chwithig, od [odi- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], rhyfedd blab - (n.) clepgi [clepgwn, m.] blab - (v.) clepian [clepi-], prepian [prepi-] blabberer - (n.) blerwm [m.] blab-blab - (n.) blerwm [m.] black - (adj.) du [pl. -on] black man - (n.) dyn du glossy black - (adj.) lluchddu black - (n.) du [m.] black - (v.) duo [du-] blackamoor - (n.) dyn du blackberry - (n.) mwyaren du [mwyar duon] gather blackberries - (v.) mwyara [mwyar-] blackbird - (n.) aderyn du, mwyalch (mwyalchen) [mwyalchod, mwyeilch, f.] blackboard - (n.) astell ddu blacken - (v.) duo [du-], pardduo [parddu-], tywyllu [tywyll-] blackguard - (n.) dihiryn (dyhiryn) [dihirod, dyhirod, m.] blackguard - (v.) difri%o [difri%-] blackmail - (n.) arian bygwth blackness - (n.) du%wch [m.] black-pudding - (n.) selsig [-od, f.] blacksmith - (n.) gof [-aint, m.], gof du bladder - (n.) chwysigen [chwysigod, f.], pledren [-nau, -ni, f.] blade - (n.) eginyn [egin, m.], llafn [-au, m.] { <B>Eginyn</B> is the kind of blade of which grass is composed. } { <B>Llafn</B> is the kind of blade you cut with. } blade of grass - (n.) glaswelltyn [glaswellt, m.], gwelltyn [gwellt, m.] blame - (n.) bai [beiau, m.], camgwl [m.] blame - (v.) beio [bei-] blameless - (adj.) diargyhoedd, difai, difeius blameworthy - (adj.) beius blanch - (v.) cannu [cann- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, can- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], gwynnu [gwynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, gwyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] bland - (adj.) mwyn [mwyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], tirion, tyner blandish - (v.) gwenieithio [gwenieithi-], truthio [truthi-] blank - (adj.) gwag [pl. gweigion], syn blank verse - (n.) mesur di-odl blanket - (n.) blanced [-i, f.], brycan (brecan) [-au, mf.], cylched [-au, m.], gwrthban [-au, -nau, m.], planced [-i, f.] blare - (n.) sain utgorn blare - (v.) canu utgorn blarney - (n.) gweniaith [f.], truth [m.] blaspheme - (v.) cablu [cabl-], difenwi [difenw-] blasphemer - (n.) cablwr [cablwyr, m.], cablydd [-ion, m.] blasphemous - (adj.) cableddus blasphemy - (n.) cabl [-au, m.], cabledd [-au, m.] blast - (n.) chwa [-on, -oedd, f.], chwythiad [-au, m.], deifiad [m.], malltod [m.], pwff [pyffiau, m.] blast furnace - (n.) ffwrnais chwythu sudden blast - (n.) piff [-iau, m.] blast - (v.) chwythu [chwyth-], deifio [deifi-], mallu [mall-], pwffio (puffian) [pwffi-], saethu [saeth-] blatant - (adj.) digywilydd, haerllug, stwrllyd blather - (v.) rwdlan (rwdlo) [rwdl-] { "Rwdlan (rwdlo)" may be more common in N. Wales. } blaze - (n.) banffagl [-au, f.], coelcerth [-i, f.], ffagl [-au, f.], fflam [-au, f.] blaze - (v.) ffaglu [ffagl-], fflamio [fflami-] blazing - (adj.) ffaglog, fflamllyd, gwenfflam blazing fire - (n.) tanllwyth [-i, m.] bleach - (v.) cannu [cann- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, can- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], gwynnu [gwynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, gwyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] bleacher - (n.) cannwr [canwyr, m.] bleak - (adj.) digysgod, noeth [pl. -ion], noethlwm, oer [oer- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>] bleary - (adj.) dolurus, dyfriog, pw+l bleat - (n.) bref [-iadau, -au, f.] bleat - (v.) brefu [bref-] bleating - (n.) brefiad [-au, m.] bleed - (v.) gwaedu [gwaed-] blemish - (n.) anaf [-au, m.], bai [beiau, m.], breg [m.], mefl [-au, m.], nam [-au, m.] blemish - (v.) anafu [anaf-], anurddo [anurdd-] blemished - (adj.) anafus blend - (n.) cymysgedd [mf.] blend - (v.) cymysgu [cymysg-] blender - (n.) cymysgwr [cymysgwyr, m.] bless - (v.) bendithio [bendithi-] blessed - (adj.) bendigedig (bendigaid), dedwydd, gwyn [f. gwen; pl. -ion], gwynfydedig blessed is - (adj.) gwyn ei fyd { "Gwyn ei fyd" precedes its noun, as in "gwyn ei fyd y dyn", "blessed is the man". } blessedness - (n.) gwynfyd [-au, m.] blessing - (n.) bendith [-ion, f.], rhad [-au, m.] conferring blessing - (adj.) bendithiol blight - (n.) mall [m.], malltod [m.] blight - (v.) deifio [deifi-], mallu [mall-] blind - (adj.) coeg, dall [pl. deillion], tywyll [f. tywell] blind mask - (n.) mwgwd [mygydau, m.] blind person - (n.) dall [deillion, m.] blind - (n.) bleind [-iau, m.], llen [-ni, f.] blind - (v.) dallu [dall-] blindfold - (v.) mygydu [mygyd-] blindness - (n.) dallineb [m.] blink - (v.) amrantu [amrant-], cau'r llygaid, ysmicio [ysmici-] bliss - (n.) dedwyddwch (dedwyddyd) [m.], gwynfyd [-au, m.] blister - (n.) chwysigen [chwysigod, f.], crug [-iau, m.], pothell [-au, -i, f.] blister - (v.) chwysigennu [chwysigenn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, chwysigen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], pothellu [pothell-] blithe - (adj.) hoenus, llawen, llon blithesome - (adj.) hoenus blizzard - (n.) ystorm erwin o wynt ac eira bloat - (v.) chwyddo [chwydd-] blob - (n.) bwrlwm [byrlymau, m.], ysmotyn [ysmotiau, m.] block - (n.) cyff [-ion, -iau, m.], plocyn [-nau, m.] block - (v.) cau [cae-; 3.s. cae; 2.s.imp. cau, caua, caea], rhwystro [rhwystr-] blockade - (n.) gwarchae [m.] blockade - (v.) gwarchae [gwarchae-] { You "gwarchae ar" something. } blockhead - (n.) brebwl [brebyliaid, m.], cuall [m.], hurtyn [-nod, m.], penbwl [penbyliaid, m.] blood - (n.) crau [mf.], gwaed [m.], gwaedoliaeth [f.], gwyar [m.] blue blood - (n.) gwaed da blood-stained - (adj.) brwyd bloodstained - (adj.) arwyar bloody - (adj.) gwaedlyd bloom - (n.) blodyn (blodeuyn) [blodau, m.], gwawr [f.], gwrid [m.] { <B>Blodyn (blodeuyn)</B> is bloom as in a flower. } { <B>Gwawr</B> is bloom as in a reddening. } { <B>Gwrid</B> is bloom as in a reddening. } algal bloom - (n.) ymchwydd alga+u bloom - (v.) blodeuo [blodeu-] blossom - (n.) blodyn (blodeuyn) [blodau, m.] blossom - (v.) blodeuo [blodeu-] blot - (n.) blot [-iau, mf.], mefl [-au, m.], ysmotyn du blot out - (v.) dileu [dile-] blot - (v.) blotio [bloti-] blotch - (n.) blotyn [blotiau, m.], ysmotyn [ysmotiau, m.], ystremp [-iau, f.] blow - (n.) cnith [-iau, -ion, m.], dyrnod [-iau, -au, mf.], ergyd [-ion, f.], ffonnod [ffonodiau, f.], pelten [pelts, f.] blow the whistle - (v.) chwythu'r chwiban blow - (v.) chwythu [chwyth-], megino [megin-] blower - (n.) chwythwr [chwythwyr, m.] blowpipe - (n.) chwythbib [-au, f.] blubber - (n.) braster morfil blubber - (v.) gweflo [gwefl-], nadu [nad-], wylo [wyl-] bludgeon - (n.) cwlbren [-ni, -nau, m.], pastwn [pastynau, m.] bludgeon - (v.) pastynu [pastyn-] blue - (adj.) glas [pl. gleision], piglas become blue - (v.) glasu [glas-] blue blood - (n.) gwaed da dark blue - (adj.) gwrm blue - (n.) glas [m.] blue - (v.) glasu [glas-] blueness - (n.) glesni [m.] bluff - (adj.) brochus, garw [pl. geirwon, geirw] bluff - (n.) clogwyn [-i, -au, m.] bluff - (v.) cogio [cogi-], ffuantu [ffuant-] blunder - (n.) amryfusedd [-au, m.] blunder - (v.) amryfuso [amryfus-], dallgeibio [dallgeibi-] { <B>Amryfuso</B> is blunder as in to make a mistake. } { <B>Dallgeibio</B> is blunder as in walking in the dark. } blunt - (adj.) di-fin, plaen, pw+l, taeog { <B>Di-fin</B> is blunt in the way a knife can be blunt. } { <B>Plaen</B> is blunt in the sense of speaking pointedly. } { <B>Pw+l</B> is blunt in the way a knife is blunt. } blunt - (v.) pylu [pyl-] bluntness - (n.) pylni [m.] blur - (n.) ysmotyn [ysmotiau, m.], ystaen [m.] blurt - (v.) rhuthro dweud blush - (n.) gwrid [m.] blush - (v.) cochi [coch-], gwladeiddio [gwladeiddi-], gwrido [gwrid-] bluster - (n.) brawl [m.], broch [m.] bluster - (v.) brochi [broch-], rhuo [rhu-], trystio [trysti-] blustering - (adj.) brochus Boadicea - (prop.n.) Buddug boar - (n.) baedd [-od, m.] wild boar - (n.) baedd coed, baedd gwyllt board - (n.) bord [-ydd, -au, f.], bwrdd [byrddau, m.], clawr [cloriau, m.], estyllen [estyll, f.], planc [-au, -iau, m.], ymborth [m.] { <B>Ymborth</B> is board as in "room and board". } bulletin board - (n.) bwrdd bwletin board - (v.) byrddio [byrddi-] boarder - (n.) byrddiwr [byrddwyr, m.] boast - (n.) bocsach [mf.], bost [-iau, f.], brawl [m.], brol [-iau, m.], ffrost [mf.], ymffrost [m.] boast - (v.) bostio [bosti-], brolio [broli-], ffrostio [ffrosti-], ymffrostio [ymffrosti-], ymhoffi [ymhoff-] boaster - (n.) broliwr [brolwyr, m.], ffrostiwr [ffrostwyr, m.], ymffrostiwr [ymffrostwyr, m.] boastful - (adj.) ymffrostgar boastless - (adj.) diymffrost boat - (n.) bad [-au, m.], cwch [cychod, m.], ysgraff [-au, f.] boatful - (n.) cychaid (cyched) [cycheidiau, m.] boatman - (n.) badwr [badwyr, m.], cychwr [cychwyr, m.] bob - (v.) hercian [herci-], siglo [sigl-] bobbin - (n.) gwerthyd [-au, -oedd, f.] bode - (n.) darogan [-au, f.] bode - (v.) argoeli [argoel-] bodice - (n.) gwasg [-au, -oedd, gweisg, m.] bodily - (adj.) corfforol bodily form - (n.) corffolaeth [f.] body - (n.) corff [cyrff, m.], corpws [m.] { <B>Corpws</B> is a facetious word for body. } dead body - (n.) celain [celanedd, celaneddau, f.] bodyguard - (n.) gosgorddlu [-oedd, m.] bog - (n.) cors [-ydd, f.], mign [-edd, -oedd, f.], mignen [-ni, f.], siglen [-nydd, -ni, f.], tonnen [tonennydd, -au, f.] bog down - (n.) pa+n [m.] peat bog - (n.) mawnog [-ydd, f.] bogey - (n.) bwbach [-od, m.], bwci [-%od, m.], bwgan [-od, m.] boggle - (v.) ffwndro [ffyndr-], petruso [petrus-], rhusio [rhusi-] bogus - (adj.) ffuantus, ffug, gau boil - (n.) brwd [m.], casgliad [-au, m.], cornwyd [-ydd, -on, m.], pendduyn [-nod, m.] boil - (v.) berwi [berw-], brydio [brydi-] boiler - (n.) berwedydd [-ion, m.], crochan [-au, m.], pair [peiriau, m.] boiling - (adj.) berw, berwedig boiling - (n.) berw [-on, m.], ias [-au, f.] boisterous - (adj.) brochus, terfysgaidd (terfysglyd), trystiog bold - (adj.) eglur, eofn, hy (hyf), hyderus, hydr grow bold - (v.) ymhyfhau [ymhyf- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] wax bold - (v.) hyfhau [hyf- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] boldness - (n.) ehofndra (ehofnder) [m.], hyfder (hyfdra) [m.] bolster - (n.) gobennydd [gobenyddiau, gobenyddion, m.] bolster - (v.) ategu [ateg-] bolt - (n.) bollt [-au, -ydd, byllt, m.] bolt - (v.) bario [bari-], bolltio [bollti-], dianc (diengyd; dihengyd) [dihang- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, diang- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. dianc], peillio [peilli-], traflyncu [traflync-] { <B>Bario</B> is the kind of bolting you do to a door. } { <B>Bolltio</B> is the kind of bolting you do to a door. } { <B>Traflyncu</B> is the kind of bolting you do with your beer. } boltful - (n.) bolltaid (bollted) [bollteidiau, f.] bomb - (n.) bom [-iau, f.] bombast - (n.) chwyddiaeth [f.] bombastic - (adj.) chwyddedig bond - (adj.) caeth [pl. -ion] bond - (n.) rhwym [-au, m.], rhwymedigaeth [-au, f.], rhwymyn [-nau, m.], ysgrifrwym [-au, m.] { <B>Ysgrifrwym</B> is a kind of paper. } bond - (v.) bondio [bondi-] bondage - (n.) caethiwed [m.] bondmaid - (n.) caethes [-au, f.], caethferch [-ed, f.], caethforwyn [caethforynion, f.] bondman - (n.) caeth [-ion, m.], caethfab [caethfeibion, m.], caethwas [caethweision, m.] bone - (n.) asgwrn [esgyrn, m.] bone of contention - (n.) asgwrn y gynnen bone - (v.) diesgyrnu [diesgyrn-] bonfire - (n.) banffagl [-au, f.], coelcerth [-i, f.], goddaith [goddeithiau, f.] bonnet - (n.) bonet [m.?], pen.guwch [m.] bonny - (adj.) <A HREF="./Lesson04.html#braf">braf</A>, nobl { The <A HREF="./Glossary.html#adjective">adjective</A> "braf" is not mutated after "yn" as most adjectives are. } bonus - (n.) breintal [m.] booby - (n.) hurtyn [-nod, m.], penbwl [penbyliaid, m.] book - (n.) llyfr (llyfyr) [-au, m.] bookcase - (n.) seld [-au, f.] booklet - (n.) llyfryn [-nau, m.] bookmark - (n.) nod llyfr bookroom - (n.) llyfrfa [llyfrfeydd, f.] bookseller - (n.) llyfrwerthwr [llyfrwerthwyr, m.] bookworm - (n.) llyfrbryf [-ed, m.] boom - (n.) bw+m [m.], swae [m.?], trwst [trystau, m.] boom - (v.) trystio [trysti-], utganu (udganu) [utgan-, udgan-] boon - (n.) bendith [-ion, f.], caffaeliad [-au, caffaeliaid, m.], ced [-au, -ion, -oedd, f.], ffafr [-au, f.] boor - (n.) taeog [-au, -ion, m.] boorish - (adj.) taeog boot - (n.) botas (botasen) [botasau, f.], elw [m.], esgid [-iau, f.], lles [m.] { <B>Elw</B> is boot as in booty. } { <B>Esgid</B> is the kind of boot you wear. } { <B>Lles</B> is boot as in "to boot" } patch sole of boot - (v.) clemio [clemi-] boot - (v.) llesa/u [lles- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>] booth - (n.) bwth [bythod, m.], caban [-au, m.], lluest [-au, m.], lluesty [lluestai, m.] bootless - (adj.) seithug booty - (n.) anrhaith [anrheithiau, anrheithi, f.], preiddin [m.], ysbail [ysbeiliau, mf.], ysglyfaeth [-au, f.] booze - (n.) diod feddwol booze - (v.) diota [diot-], meddwi [meddw-] bo-peep, play - (v.) chwarae mig border - (n.) cwr [cyrrau, m.], cyffin [-iau, -ydd, fm.], dibl [-au, m.], ffin [-iau, f.], godre [-on, m.], goror [-au, m.], hem [-iau, f.], ymyl [-au, -on, mf.] border of trees - (n.) gorwydd [gorwy+dd, m.] border on - (v.) ffinio ar, ymylu ar border - (v.) ffinio [ffini-], ymylu [ymyl-] borderer - (n.) amhiniog (amhinog) [-ion, -au, m.] bore - (n.) dyn diflas, pla [pla+u, mf.], twll [tyllau, m.] { <B>Dyn diflas</B> is the kind of bore you avoid at parties. } { <B>Pla</B> is the kind of bore you avoid at parties. } { <B>Twll</B> is the bore left behind after you drill. } bore - (v.) blino [blin-], diflasu [diflas-], ebillio [ebilli-], tyllu [tyll-] { <B>Blino</B> is bore when you are very uninteresting. } { <B>Diflasu</B> is bore when you are very uninteresting. } { <B>Ebillio</B> is bore as in what a drill does. } { <B>Tyllu</B> is bore as in what a drill does. } boredom - (n.) diflaster [m.] borer - (n.) ebill [-ion, m.], trwyddew [m.], tyllwr [tyllwyr, m.] boring - (adj.) diflas [diflas- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>] boringness - (n.) diflasrwydd [m.] born, be - (v.) geni [gan- {only impers. forms exist}] borough - (n.) bwrdeistref [-i, f.] borrow - (v.) benthyca (benthycio) [benthyc-, benthyci-], echwynna [echwynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, echwyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] borrower - (n.) benthyciwr [benthycwyr, m.] bosh - (n.) dyli [m.], ffwlbri [m.], gwiriondeb [-au, m.], lol [f.] bosom - (adj.) mynwesol bosom - (n.) afflau [m.], asgre [f.], cesail [ceseiliau, f.], co+l [f.], cofl [f.], mynwes [-au, f.] boss - (n.) bogail [bogeiliau, mf.], boglwm [boglymau, m.], both [-au, f.], clwpa [-od, m.], cnap [-iau, m.], meistr (meistar) [-i, -iaid, -adoedd, m.] botanist - (n.) llysieuegydd [-ion?, m.], llysieuydd [-ion, llysieuwyr, m.] botany - (n.) llysieueg [f.] botch - (n.) bwn.glerwaith [m.], pendduyn [-nod, m.], stomp (ystomp) [f.] botch - (v.) bwn.glera [bwn.gler-], stompio (ystompio) [stompi-, ystompi-] both - (pron.) ill dau, y ddau both sides - (n.) deutu [m.] bother - (n.) helynt [-ion, f.], trafferth [-ion, mf.] bother - (v.) blino [blin-], cyboli [cybol-], trafferthu [trafferth-] bottle - (n.) costrel [-i, -au, f.], potel [-i, -au, f.] bottle - (v.) costrelu [costrel-], potelu [potel-] bottleful - (n.) costrelaid (costreled) [costreleidiau, f.], potelaid (poteled) [poteleidiau, f.] bottom - (n.) bo+n [bonau, bonion, m.], godre [-on, m.], gwaelod [-ion, m.], tin [-au, f.] bough - (n.) cainc [cangau, ceinciau, f.], cangen [canghennau, cangau, f.], colfen [-ni, -nau, f.] bought - (adj.) pry+n boulder - (n.) carreg fawr, clogfaen [clogfeini, m.] bounce - (v.) adlamu [adlam-], bostio [bosti-], neidio [neidi-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. naid], swalpio [swalpi-], ymffrostio [ymffrosti-], ysboncio [ysbonci-] { <B>Adlamu</B> is bounce like what a ball does. } { <B>Bostio</B> is bounce in the sense of boast. } { <B>Neidio</B> is bounce like what a ball does. } { <B>Ymffrostio</B> is bounce in the sense of boast. } bound - (adj.) rhwym, rhwymedig bound - (n.) cyffin [-iau, -ydd, fm.], ffin [-iau, f.], llam [-au, m.], naid [neidiau, nadau, f.], sbonc (ysbonc) [-iau, f.], terfyn [-au, m.] { <B>Cyffin</B> is bound in the sense of boundary. } { <B>Ffin</B> is bound in the sense of boundary. } { <B>Llam</B> is bound in the sense of leap. } { <B>Naid</B> is bound in the sense of leap. } { <B>Sbonc (ysbonc)</B> is bound in the sense of leap. } { <B>Terfyn</B> is bound in the sense of boundary. } bound - (v.) ffinio [ffini-], llamu (llemain; llamsach) [llam-], neidio [neidi-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. naid] { <B>Ffinio</B> is bound in the sense of confine. } { <B>Llamu (llemain; llamsach)</B> is bound in the sense of leap. } { <B>Neidio</B> is bound in the sense of leap. } boundary - (n.) ffin [-iau, f.], terfyn [-au, m.] bounds - (n.) amgant [amgannau, m.] bountiful - (adj.) fflwch bounty - (n.) ced [-au, -ion, -oedd, f.], ciried [fm.], daioni [m.], haelioni [m.] bouquet - (n.) blodeuglwm [m.], pwysi [-%au, m.] bout - (n.) ffrwgwd [ffrygydau, m.], ornest [-au, f.], sbel [-au, -iau, f.], term [-au, m.] { <B>Ffrwgwd</B> is the kind of bout that takes place between combatants. } { <B>Ornest</B> is the kind of bout that takes place between combatants. } { <B>Term</B> is bout as in a period of time. } bow - (n.) bo [m.], bow [m.?], bwa [-+u, m.], dolen [-ni, -nau, f.], moesymgrymiad [-au, m.], pen blaen llong { <B>Bow</B> is the kind of bow that is the front of a ship. } { <B>Bwa</B> is the kind of bow you shoot an arrow with. } { <B>Dolen</B> is the kind of bow you tie. } { <B>Moesymgrymiad</B> is the kind of bow you do in front of an audience. } { <B>Pen blaen llong</B> is the kind of bow at the front of a ship. } bow down - (v.) ymgrymu [ymgrym-] bow tie - (n.) tei bo drawing of a bow - (n.) aneliad [-au, m.] bow - (v.) camu [cam-], crymu [crym-], gostwng [gostyng-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gostwng], moesymgrymu [moesymgrym-], plygu [plyg-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. plyg] bowed - (adj.) crwca, crwm [f. crom; crwm- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>] bowel - (n.) coluddyn [coluddion, coludd, m.] bowels - (n.) crombil [-iau, f.], perfedd [-ion, m.] bowels - (n.pl.) ymysgaroedd bower - (n.) deildy [deildai, m.] bowl - (n.) basn [-ys, -au, m.], cawg [-iau, m.], cnapan [-au, m.], mail [meiliau, f.], powl (powlen) [powliau, f.] bowler, spin - (n.) troellwr [troellwyr, m.] { <B>Troellwr</B> is used in N. Wales to describe the spin bowler in a cricket match. } box - (n.) blwch [blychau, blychod, m.], bocs [-ys, m.], cist [-iau, f.], pren bocs { <B>Blwch</B> is the kind of box you store things in. } { <B>Bocs</B> is the kind of box you store things in. } { <B>Cist</B> is the kind of box you store things in. } { <B>Pren bocs</B> is the kind of box you store things in. } box on the ear - (n.) bonclust [-iau, m.] money box - (n.) cadw-mi-gei [m.] box - (v.) bonclustio [bonclusti-], cwffio [cwffi-], paffio [paffi-], taro bonclust { <B>Bonclustio</B> is the kind of boxing you do to someone's ear. } { <B>Cwffio</B> is the king of boxing you do in a boxing ring. } { <B>Paffio</B> is the kind of boxing you do in a boxing ring. } { <B>Taro bonclust</B> is the kind of boxing you do to someone's ear. } boxer - (n.) cwffiwr [cwffwyr, m.], paffiwr [paffwyr, m.] boxful - (n.) blychaid (blyched) [blycheidiau, m.], cistaid (cisted) [cisteidiau, f.] boy - (n.) bachgen [bechgyn, m.], gwas [gweision, m.], hogyn [hogiau, m.], mab [meibion, m.] { <B>Gwas</B> is related to various words to do with servants: a "farm boy" would be "gwas ffarm", and is perhaps best translated as either "servant" or "lad". It gets used as a term of affection (like "boy") but would otherwise probably not be used for "boy" in the modern language. } { <B>Mab</B> was used to mean "boy" (e.g. "Meibion Glyndw+r"), as opposed to "son", but probably does not get used much that way these days. } little boy - (n.) bachgennyn [bechgynnos, m.] boyhood - (n.) bachgendod [m.], mabolaeth [f.], mebyd [m.] boyish - (adj.) bachgennaidd, mabolaidd bra - (n.) bron.glwm [bron.glymau, m.] brace - (n.) bach cyrliog, cleddyf (cledd; cleddau) [-au, m.], cwplws [cyplysau, m.], pa+r [parau, m.], rhwymyn [-nau, m.] { <B>Bach cyrliog</B> is one of the curly braces on the computer keyboard. } brace - (v.) cryfhau [cryf- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], tynhau [tyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] bracelet - (n.) breichled [-au, -i, f.], breichrwyf [-au, mf.] bracken - (n.) rhedyn un.goes bracket - (n.) bach petryal, braced [-i, f.], cromfach [-au, f.] { <B>Bach petryal</B> is one of the square brackets on the computer keyboard. } brackish - (adj.) hallt [pl. heilltion] brag - (n.) bocsach [mf.], bost [-iau, f.], brawl [m.], brol [-iau, m.], ymffrost [m.] brag - (v.) bostio [bosti-], brolio [broli-], ffrostio [ffrosti-], ymffrostio [ymffrosti-] braggart - (n.) broliwr [brolwyr, m.], ffrostiwr [ffrostwyr, m.] bragget - (n.) bragod [-au, -ydd, m.] braid - (n.) brwyd [-au, m.], pleth [-au, -i, f.] braid - (v.) brwydo [brwyd-], plethu [pleth-] brain - (n.) ymennydd [ymenyddiau, m.] brake - (n.) bre+c [-s, m.], dryslwyn [m.], prysglwyn [m.?] { <B>Bre+c</B> is the kind of brake you use to stop your car. } brake - (v.) rhoi'r bre+c bramble - (n.) miaren [mieri, f.] bran - (n.) bran [m.?] bran - (n.pl.) eisin, rhuddion branch - (n.) ban [-nau, mf.], braich [breichiau, f.], cainc [cangau, ceinciau, f.], cangen [canghennau, cangau, f.], colfen [-ni, -nau, f.], pill [-ion, m.] branch out - (v.) ceincio [ceinci-] branch - (v.) brigo [brig-], canghennu [canghenn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cangen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] branched - (adj.) ceinciog branching - (adj.) brigog, canghennog, ceinciog brand - (n.) nod [-au, -ion, mf.], pentewyn [-ion, m.], tewyn [-ion, m.] { <B>Nod</B> is brand as in mark. } { <B>Pentewyn</B> is brand as in firebrand. } { <B>Tewyn</B> is brand as in ember. } brand new - (adj.) newydd sbon, newydd sbon danlli brand - (v.) gwarthnodi [gwarthnod-] brandish - (v.) chwifio [chwifi-], ysgwyd [ysgydw-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. ysgwyd] brass - (n.) efydd [m.], pres [m.] brassiere - (n.) bron.glwm [bron.glymau, m.] brat - (n.) croten [-nod, f.], crwt [m.], crwtyn [m.] bravado - (n.) bocsach [mf.], gorchest [-ion, f.], gwagymffrost [m.] brave - (adj.) dewr [pl. -ion], dywal, glew [pl. -ion], gwrol, terrwyn brave man - (n.) arwrwas [arwrweision, m.], dewr [-ion, m.] brave - (v.) herfeiddio [herfeiddi-], herio (herian) [heri-] bravery - (n.) dewrder [m.], gwroldeb [m.] brawl - (n.) ffrae [-on, -au, f.], ffrwgwd [ffrygydau, m.] brawl - (v.) ffraeo [ffrae-], terfysgu [terfysg-] { "Ffraeo" is used primarily in N. Wales. } brawler - (n.) cecryn [-nod, m.] brawling - (adj.) anynad brawn - (n.) cnawd [m.] bray - (n.) bref [-iadau, -au, f.] bray - (v.) brefu [bref-], briwio [briwi-], malurio [maluri-], nadu [nad-], pwyo [pwy-] { <B>Brefu</B> is the kind of braying an ass does. } { <B>Briwio</B> is bray in the sense of pound. } { <B>Malurio</B> is bray in the sense of pound. } { <B>Nadu</B> is bray in the sense of howling. } { <B>Pwyo</B> is bray in the sense of pound. } brazen - (adj.) haerllug, hy (hyf) breach - (n.) adwy [-au, -on, f.], breg [m.], rhwyg [-iadau, -au, m.], tor [-ion, m.], trosedd [-au, mf.] { <B>Adwy</B> is breach in the sense of gap. } { <B>Rhwyg</B> is breach in the sense of rupture. } { <B>Tor</B> is breach in the sense of interruption. } { <B>Trosedd</B> is breach in the sense of offence. } breach - (v.) adwyo [adwy-], bylchu [bylch-] bread - (n.) bara [m.] currant bread - (n.) bara brith griddle bread - (n.) bara planc laver bread - (n.) bara lawr oat bread - (n.) bara ceirch plank bread - (n.) bara planc relish eaten with bread - (n.) enllyn [m.] slice of bread and butter - (n.) brechdan [-au, f.] soft part of bread - (n.) bywiad [m.] unleavened bread - (n.) bara croyw breadth - (n.) ehangder (eangder) [eangderau, m.], lled [-au, m.] the length and breadth - (adv.) ar hyd a lled break - (n.) tor [-ion, m.], toriad [-au, m.] break in pieces - (v.) dryllio [drylli-] break neck of - (v.) torfynyglu [torfynygl-] without a break - (adj.) di-fwlch (difwlch) break - (v.) torri [torr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, tor- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. tyr, tor; 2.s.imp. tor, torr] breaker - (n.) moryn [-nau, m.], ton [-nau, f.], torrwr [torrwyr, m.] breakfast - (n.) borefwyd [m.], brecwast (brecwest) [-au, mf.] breakfast - (v.) brecwasta [brecwast-] breaking - (n.) drylliad [-au, m.] breakwater - (n.) morglawdd [morgloddiau, m.] breast - (n.) brest [-iau, f.], bron [-nau, -nydd, f.], dwyfron [-nau, f.], mynwes [-au, f.], parwyden [-nau, f.] breast stroke - (n.) nofio broga breast - (v.) wynebu (gwynebu) [wyneb-], ymladd a+ breastplate - (n.) dwyfronneg [dwyfronegau, f.] breath - (n.) anadl [-au, -on, mf.], anadliad [m.], chwyth (chwythad) [m.], ffun [f.], gwynt [-oedd, m.] breathe - (v.) anadlu [anadl-], chwythu [chwyth-] breathing - (n.) anadliad [m.] Brecknock - (prop.n.) Brycheiniog Brecon - (prop.n.) Aber.honddu breech - (n.) bo+n [bonau, bonion, m.], tin [-au, f.] breeches - (n.) llawdr [llodrau, m.] pair of breeches - (n.) clos [-au, m.] breechless - (adj.) bonllwm breed - (n.) brid [-iau, m.], rhywogaeth [-au, m.] breed maggots - (v.) cynrhoni [cynrhon-] breed - (v.) bridio [bridi-], cenhedlu [cenhedl-], epilio [epili-], hilio [hili-], magu [mag-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. mag; 3.s.pres. subj. maco] breeze - (n.) awel [-on, f.], awelan [f.?], chwa [-on, -oedd, f.] breezy - (adj.) awelog brethren - (n.pl.) brawd [brodyr, m.] Breton - (n.) Llydaweg [f.] { <B>Llydaweg</B> is the Breton language. } brevity - (n.) byrder (byrdra) [m.] brew - (v.) berweddu [berwedd-], bragu [brag-], bryweddu [brywedd-], darllaw [darllaw-] brewer - (n.) bragwr [bragwyr, m.], bragydd [-ion, m.], darllawydd [-ion, darllawwyr, m.] brewers' grains - (n.) soeg [-au?, m.] brewery - (n.) berwedd-dy [berwedd-dai, m.], bracty [bractai, m.], darllawdy [darllawdai, m.] brewis - (n.) brywes [-au, m.] bribe - (n.) cil-dwrn (cildwrn) [m.], llwgrwobrwy [-on, m.] bribe - (v.) llwgrwobrwyo [llwgrwobrwy-] brick - (n.) bricsen [brics, f.], priddfaen [priddfeini, m.] brick - (v.) bricio [brici-] Bride - (prop.n.) Ffraid bride - (n.) priodasferch [-ed, f.], priodferch [-ed, f.] bridegroom - (n.) priodasfab [priodasfeibion, m.], priodfab [priodfeibion, m.] bridesmaid - (n.) morwyn briodas bridge - (n.) pont [-ydd, f.] Devil's Bridge - (prop.n.) Pontarfynach foot bridge - (n.) pompren [f.] Menai Bridge - (prop.n.) Porthaethwy plank bridge - (n.) pompren [f.] suspension bridge - (n.) crocbont [-ydd, crocbynt, f.] bridge - (v.) pontio [ponti-] Bridgend - (prop.n.) Pen-y-bond ar Ogwr Bridget - (prop.n.) Ffraid bridle - (n.) ffrwyn [-au, f.] bridle - (v.) ffrwyno [ffrwyn-] brief - (adj.) byr [f. ber; pl. -ion; byrr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>] brier (briar) - (n.) drysi%en [drysi, f.], miaren [mieri, f.] brigade - (n.) briga+d [brigadau, f.], mintai [minteioedd, f.], torf [-eydd, -oedd, f.] brigand - (n.) carnleidr [carnladron, m.], herwr [herwyr, m.], ysbeiliwr [ysbeilwyr, m.] bright - (adj.) cannaid, claer, disglair, eirian, gloyw [pl. -on], hoyw (hoew) [pl. -on; hoyw- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], llachar, llathr, pefr, siriol, trybelid twice as bright as - (adj.) deune brighten - (v.) gloywi [gloyw-], hoywi [hoyw-], sirioli (siriolu) [siriol-] brightness - (n.) claerder [m.], disgleirdeb (disgleirder) [m.], gloywder [m.], llewych [m.], llewyrch [m.] brilliance - (n.) disgleirdeb (disgleirder) [m.] brilliant - (adj.) disglair, gwych [f. gwech], llachar, tanbaid, trybelid brilliant - (n.) gem [-au, f.] brim - (n.) cantel [-au, m.], cyfor [m.], min [-ion, m.], ymyl [-au, -on, mf.] brim-full - (adj.) cyfor, cyforiog brimstone - (n.) brwmstan [m.] brimstony - (adj.) brwmstanaidd brindled - (adj.) brith [f. braith], brych [f. brech], brycheulyd brine - (n.) halen [m.], heli [m.] bring - (v.) cyrchu [cyrch-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. cyrch], dod a+, dwyn [dyg-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. dwg; impers.past ind. dycpwyd, ducpwyd; 2.s.pres. subj. dygech; 3.s.pres. subj. dyco], no+l [nol-] { <B>Dod a+</B> or "dod gyda" is literally "to come with" so is necessarily to bring towards the speaker or the place referred to in the context. "Dod a+" approximates "dwyn tuag yma", "dwyn yma"; cf., "mynd a+" which would be "dwyn ymaith". } { <B>Dwyn</B> has a second meaning of "steal", but is nearest to the Hiberno-English use of "bring" which can also mean what to a British English speaker is always "take" -- perhaps it is closest to "convey". } bring forth - (v.) epilio [epili-], hilio [hili-], llydnu [llydn-] bring hither - (v.) moes [def.; 2.s.imp. moes; 2.p.imp. moeswch] bring to - (v.) dwyn at brink - (n.) ceulan [-nau, ceulennydd, f.], glan [-nau, glennydd, f.], min [-ion, m.], ymyl [-au, -on, mf.] brisk - (adj.) bywiog, chwimwth, gwisgi, heini, sionc briskness - (n.) sioncrwydd [m.] bristle - (n.) gwrychyn [gwrych, m.] bristle - (v.) codi gwrychyn Bristol - (prop.n.) Bryste, Caerodor Britain - (prop.n.) Prydain [m.] British - (adj.) Brytanaidd, Prydeinig British language - (n.) Brythoneg [f.] Britisher - (n.) Prydeiniwr [Prydeinwyr, m.] Briton - (n.) Brython [-iaid, m.], Prydeiniwr [Prydeinwyr, m.] Brittany - (prop.n.) Llydaw brittle - (adj.) brau [pl. breuon; breu- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], bregus brittleness - (n.) breuder [m.] broach - (v.) agor baril, agor ymddiddan, gollwng [gollyng-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gollwng] broad - (adj.) bras [bras- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], eang [ehang- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], llydan [pl. llydain] as broad as - (adj.) cyfled broad band - (n.) band llydan broadband - (n.) band llydan broadcast - (n.) darllediad [-au, m.] broadcast - (v.) darlledu [darlled-] broadcaster - (n.) darlledwr [darlledwyr, m.] broaden - (v.) ehangu (eangu) [ehang-, eang-], lledu [lled-] brocaded - (adj.) caerog brogue - (n.) llediaith [fm.] broil - (n.) terfysg [-oedd, m.], ymrafael [-ion, m.], ymryson [-au, m.] broil - (v.) briwlio [briwli-], brwylio [brwyli-] broken - (adj.) briw, drylliog, trwch [f. troch] broken-nosed - (adj.) trwyndwn bronze - (n.) efydd [m.], pres [m.] the Bronze Age - (n.) yr Oes Efydd brooch - (n.) tlws [tlysau, m.] brood - (n.) epil [m.], hil [-iau, f.], nythaid (nythed) [nytheidiau, f.] brood - (v.) deor [deor-], synfyfyrio [synfyfyri-] { <B>Deor</B> is brood in the sense of incubate. } { <B>Synfyfyrio</B> is brood in the sense of contemplate. } brook - (n.) afonig [f.], cornant [cornentydd, f.], nant [nentydd, f.] brook - (v.) cyd-ddwyn a+ [cyd-ddyg-], goddef [goddef-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. goddef] broom - (n.) banhadlen [banadl, f.], ysgub [-au, f.], ysgubell [-au, f.] { <B>Banhadlen</B> is a broom bush. } { <B>Ysgub</B> is the kind of broom you sweep with. } { <B>Ysgubell</B> is the kind of broom you sweep with. } full of broom - (adj.) banhadlog broth - (n.) cawl [m.], potes [m.] brother - (n.) brawd [brodyr, m.] foster brother - (n.) brawdmaeth [m.] brotherhood - (n.) brawdoliaeth [-au, f.] brotherly - (adj.) brawdol brotherly love - (n.) brawdgarwch [m.] brow - (n.) ael [-iau, f.], crib [-au, fm.], talcen [-ni, -nau, m.], ysgafell [-au, f.] brown - (adj.) brown, gwinau, gwrm, llwyd [pl. -ion] browse - (v.) pori [por-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. pawr] browser - (n.) porwr [porwyr, m.], porydd [-ion, m.] bruise - (n.) clais [cleisiau, m.] bruise - (v.) cleisio [cleisi-], ysigo [ysig-] bruised - (adj.) briw, cleisiog, ysig bruit - (v.) dadwrdd [dadyrdd-], trystio [trysti-] brushwood - (n.) clun [m.], mangoeden [mangoed, f.] brushwood - (n.pl.) prysgwydd brutal - (adj.) ci%aidd, cigyddlyd brutality - (n.) cieidd-dra [m.] brutalize - (v.) anifeileiddio [anifeileiddi-] brute - (adj.) ysgrublaidd brutish - (adj.) anifeilaidd, bwystfilaidd, ysgrublaidd Brythonic - (n.) Brythoneg [f.] bubble - (n.) bwrlwm [byrlymau, m.] bubble - (v.) byrlymu [byrlym-] buck - (n.) bwch [bychod, m.], bwch danas bucket - (n.) baeol [-au, m.], bwced [-i, mf.], celwrn [celyrnau, m.], stwc [stycau, m.], ystwc [ystycau, m.] bucketful - (n.) bwcedaid (bwceded) [bwcedeidiau, m.], celyrnaid (celyrned) [celyrneidiau, m.] buckle - (n.) bwcl [byclau, m.] buckler - (n.) bwcled [-au, -i, mf.] bud - (n.) blaguryn [blagur, m.] bud - (v.) blaguro [blagur-], impio [impi-] budge - (v.) syflyd [syfl-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. syfl] budget - (n.) cyllideb [-au, f.] budget - (v.) cyllidebu [cyllideb-] buds - (n.) atwf (ad-dwf) [atyfion, ad-dyfion, m.] buffalo - (n.) bual [buail, -au, -od, m.] buffet - (n.) cernod [-iau, f.], cis [-iau, mf.], palfod [-au, f.] buffet about - (v.) bustachu [bustach-] buffet - (v.) baeddu (maeddu) [baedd-, maedd-] buffoon - (n.) croesan [-iaid, -aid, -od, m.], erestyn [m.] bugbear - (n.) bwbach [-od, m.], bwci [-%od, m.] build - (v.) adeiladu (adeiliadu) [adeilad-, adeiliad-] builder - (n.) adeiladwr [adeiladwyr, m.], adeiladydd [-ion, m.] building - (n.) adail [f.], adeilad (adeiliad) [-au, -oedd, mf.], adeiladaeth [-au, f.] bay of building - (n.) cowlas [-au, mf.] listed building - (n.) adeilad cofrestredig registered building - (n.) adeilad cofrestredig Builth - (prop.n.) Llanfair-ym-Muallt bulb - (n.) bwlb [m.] Bulgaria - (prop.n.) Bwlgaria bulk - (n.) crynswth [m.], cyfan.gorff [m.], swm [symiau, m.] bull - (n.) tarw [teirw, m.] bullet - (n.) bwled [-i, f.] bulletin - (n.) bwletin [m.?] bulletin board - (n.) bwrdd bwletin bullock - (n.) bustach [bustych, m.] bulrush - (n.) llafrwynen [llafrwyn, f.] bulwark - (n.) rhagfur [-iau, m.] bunch - (n.) bagad [-au, mf.], blodeuglwm [m.], clamp [-iau, m.], cnot [-iau, m.], tusw [-+au, m.] bunchy - (adj.) bagadog bundle - (n.) bwndel [-i, m.], coflaid [cofleidiau, f.], pac [-iau, m.] bundle of gleanings - (n.) lloffyn [m.] bundle - (v.) sypio [sypi-] bungle - (n.) bwn.glerwaith [m.], stomp (ystomp) [f.] bungle - (v.) bustachu [bustach-], bwn.glera [bwn.gler-], stompio (ystompio) [stompi-, ystompi-] bungler - (n.) bwn.gler [-iaid, m.], stompiwr (ystompiwr) [stompwyr, ystompwyr, m.] bungling - (adj.) bwn.gleraidd, trwsgl [f. trosgl] bunny - (n.) bwni [-s, f.] burden - (n.) baich [beichiau, m.], bwrn [byrnau, m.], byrdwn [-au?, m.], llwyth [-i, m.], pwn [pynnau, m.], pwys [-au, -i, m.] burden - (v.) beichio [beichi-], llwytho [llwyth-], pynio [pyni-] burdened - (adj.) llwythog burdensome - (adj.) beichus burdock - (n.) cacimwci (cacamwci) [m.], cyngaf (cyngaw) [m.] bureaucracy - (n.) biwrocratiaeth [f.] bureaucrat - (n.) biwrocrat [-iaid, m.] bureaucratic - (adj.) biwrocrataidd burgess - (n.) bwrdais [bwrdeisiaid, m.] burial - (n.) angladd [-au, mf.], claddedigaeth [-au, mf.] burial ground - (n.) claddfa [claddfeydd, f.] laid out for burial - (adj.) dan ei grwys burn - (v.) brydio [brydi-], ennyn [enynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>; enyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. ennyn], llosgi [llosg-; 3.s. llysg] burn incense - (v.) arogldarthu [arogldarth-] burning - (adj.) eirias, llosg, poeth [pl. -ion; poeth- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>] burning - (n.) llosg [m.], llosgfa [-+u, llosgfeydd, f.] burnt offering - (n.) poethoffrwm [poethoffrymau, m.] burp - (v.) codi gwynt burrow - (v.) turio [turi-], tyrchu [tyrch-] burs - (n.) cyngaf (cyngaw) [m.] burst - (v.) ymrwygo [ymrwyg-] bury - (v.) claddu [cladd-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. cladd], golo [gol-] bus - (n.) bws [bysys, -au, m.] bush - (n.) llwyn [-i, m.], perth [-i, f.], prys [m.], twmpath [-au, m.], twyn [-i, m.] bushel - (n.) bwsiel [-i, m.?] half a bushel - (n.) cibyn [-nau, m.] half a bushel full - (n.) cibynnaid (cibyned) [cibynneidiau, cibyneidiau, m.] business - (adj.) masnachol business house - (n.) masnachdy [masnachdai, m.] do business - (v.) masnachu [masnach-] business - (n.) busnes [-au, -ion, mf.] bustle - (n.) ffrwst [m.], ffwdan [f.], mwstwr [mwstwyr, m.], trybestod [m.], ystw+r [m.] bustle - (v.) ffwdanu [ffwdan-] busy - (adj.) amrygyr, prysur [prysur- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>] busybody - (n.) chwilgi [chwilgwn, m.] busyness - (n.) prysurdeb [m.] but - (conj.) eithr, hagen, ond { <B>Eithr</B> is "but" when it shows a contrast with what preceded it, such as "not this but that". (Not everyone uses "eithr".) } { <B>Ond</B> is technically the senses of "but" that are like "only" as in "none but that". However, it is generally used for all the senses of "but". } but - (prep.) namyn, ond, oni (onid) butcher - (n.) cigydd [-ion, m.] butcher - (v.) cigyddio [cigyddi-] butchery - (n.) cigyddiaeth [f.] butler - (n.) bwtler [-iaid, m.], trulliad [trulliaid, m.] butt - (n.) pricsiwn [m.] { <B>Pricsiwn</B> is butt as in the butt of a joke. } butt - (v.) cornio [corni-], twlcio [twlci-] butter - (n.) ymenyn (menyn) [m.] print of butter - (n.) breuan [-au, f.] slice of bread and butter - (n.) brechdan [-au, f.] butterfly - (n.) glo%yn byw, pili-pala [mf.] butterfly stroke - (n.) nofio pili-pala buttermilk - (n.) llaeth [lleithion, m.], llaeth enwyn { <B>Llaeth</B> is milk in S. Wales and buttermilk in N. Wales. } buttery - (n.) bwtri [m.] buttock - (n.) ffolen [-nau, f.] button - (n.) botwm [botymau, m.] button - (v.) botymu [botym-] buttoned - (adj.) botwmog buttonhole - (n.) rhwyll [-au, f.], rhwyllyn [m.] buy - (v.) ceisio [ceisi-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. cais], prynu [pryn-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. pryn, pry+n] { <B>Ceisio</B> is used with the sense of "buy" in the north-eastern dialect. } { <B>Prynu</B> is the usual word for "buy". } buyer - (n.) prynwr [prynwyr, m.] buzz - (n.) si [-on, -adau, m.], su [-on, m.] buzz - (v.) suo [su-] buzzard - (n.) boda [-od, mf.], boncath [-od, m.] buzzing - (n.) suad [m.] buzzword - (n.) bri-air [bri-eiriau, m.] by - (adv.) heibio beloved by - (adj.) annwyl gan, annwyl i by a long way - (adv.) o bell ffordd by a lot - (adv.) o lawer by chance - (adv.) ar antur by far - (adv.) o bell ffordd by God! - (interj.) myn Duw by hazard - (adv.) ar antur by himself - (adv.) ar ei ben ei hun by means of - (prep.) acha, trwy (drwy) [irreg.], trwy gyfrwng by rote - (adv.) ar dafodleferydd by the way - (adv.) gyda llaw close by - (adv.) yngo (yngod) go by sea - (v.) mordwyo [mordwy-] reared by hand - (adj.) llawfaeth sell by auction - (v.) arwerthu [arwerth-] side by side - (adj.) cyfystlys stand by - (v.) sefyll wrth by - (prep.) at [at- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.5.1. First Conjugation">&prep1</A>], erbyn, fesul, gan (chan) [irreg.], ger, gerfydd, gogyfer, myn, trwy (drwy) [irreg.], wrth [irreg.] { "Chan" is a literary form of "gan" that can appear in a context that requires the <A HREF="./AppendixA.html#A.3. Aspirate Mutation">aspirate mutation</A>. } { <B>Fesul</B> is "by" as in the phrase "count by threes". } { <B>Gerfydd</B> is by when you take someone by the hand. } { <B>Myn</B> is "by" in swearing. } bye - (interj.) hwyl by-law - (n.) ad-ddeddf [f.] </PRE><H2><A NAME="C">C</A></H2> <PRE> C.M. Association - (n.) sasiwn [sasiynau, mf.] cabal - (n.) clymblaid [clymbleidiau, f.] cabbage - (n.) bresychen [bresych, f.] cabin - (n.) bwthyn [bythynnod, m.], caban [-au, m.] cable - (n.) cebl [-au, m.] fiber-optic (fibre-optic) cable - (n.) cebl ffibr optig cackle - (v.) clegar [clegar-], clochdar [clochdar-] cadence - (n.) diweddeb [f.] Caerleon - (prop.n.) Caerllion Caernarvon - (prop.n.) Caernarfon Caesar - (prop.n.) Cesar caesura - (n.) gwant [-au, m.] cafe - (n.) caffe [m.] cairn - (n.) carn [-au, f.], carnedd [-i, -au, f.], clegr (clegyr) [-au, m.] cake - (n.) cacen [-ni, -nau, f.], teisen [-nau, -ni, -nod, f.] calamitous - (adj.) trychinebus calamity - (n.) aflwydd [-au, -ion, m.], aflwyddiant [aflwyddiannau, m.], armes [f.], trychineb [-au, mf.] calculate - (v.) castio [casti-], clandro [clandr-] calendar - (n.) calendr [-au, m.] calends - (n.) calan [m.] calf - (n.) croth [-au, f.], llo [-i, -eau, m.] { <B>Croth</B> is the kind of calf you have on your leg. } in calf - (adj.) cyflo calibrate - (v.) graddnodi [graddnod-] call - (n.) galw [m.], galwad [-au, mf.] call on - (v.) galw yn call - (v.) galw [galw-; 3.s. geilw; 2.s.imp. galw] { If you "call someone" on the phone, you "galw rhywun". "Galw yn" translates the use of "call" that's equivalent to "visit" (or in American "visit with" or "drip in on"), so you "galw yn" someone's house or "galw yn" the office (that is, a specified office). Sometimes, you can "galw ar" someone meaning to "galw yn" their house, but "ymweld a+" is more correct than "galw ar" in this sense. "Galw ar" is equivalent to the English "call upon (someone to do)": "galwaf ar fy nhgyd-Gymry i sefyll yn y bwlch" "I will call upon my fellow Welshmen to stand in the gap". } caller - (n.) geilwad [geilwaid, m.] calling - (n.) galwedigaeth [-au, f.] calm - (adj.) canllaith, tawel [tawel- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>] grow calm - (v.) ymlonyddu [ymlonydd-] calm - (n.) llonydd [m.], tawelwch [m.] calm - (v.) distewi [distaw-; 3.s. distau*; 2.s.imp. distaw], llonyddu [llonydd-], tawelu [tawel-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. tawela] calumny - (n.) difri%aeth [f.] Calvary - (prop.n.) Calfaria Cambridge - (prop.n.) Caergrawnt Cambridgeshire - (prop.n.) Swydd Gaergrawnt camel - (n.) camel [-od, m.] camp - (n.) cadlys [-oedd, m.], gwersyll [-oedd, m.] camp - (v.) gwersyllu [gwersyll-] campaign - (n.) rhyfelgyrch [-oedd, m.], ymgyrch [-oedd, mf.] can - (n.) piser [-au, -i, m.] as fast as he can - (adj.) nerth ei draed as loud as he can - (adj.) nerth esgyrn ei ben can - (v.) gallu [gall-; 3.s. gall, geill; 2.s.imp. gall], medru [medr-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. medr] { "Gallu" is used predominantly in S. Wales. } { "Medru" is used predominantly in N. Wales. Compared to "gallu", it has the additional sense of "know how to". } canal - (n.) camlas [-au, camlesydd, camlesi, mf.], dyfrffos [-ydd, f.] cancel - (v.) dirymu [dirym-] cancer - (n.) cancr [m.] candidate - (n.) ymgeisydd [ymgeiswyr, m.] candle - (n.) cannwyll [canhwyllau, f.] candlestick - (n.) canhwyllbren [canwyllbrennau, canwyllbrenni, mf.] candlewick - (n.) pabwyr [m.] cane - (n.) cansen [-ni, -nau, f.], corsen [-nau, cyrs, f.] canker - (n.) cancr [m.] canker - (v.) cancro [cancr-] cannon - (n.) cyflegr [-au, m.], magnel [-au, f.] canoe - (n.) ceufad [-au, m.] canon - (n.) canon [-iaid, -au, mf.], canonwr [canonwyr, m.] canonical - (adj.) canonaidd canonist - (n.) canonwr [canonwyr, m.] canonize - (v.) canoneiddio [canoneiddi-], seintio [seinti-] canonry - (n.) canoniaeth [-au, f.] canopy - (n.) nenlen [-ni, f.] cantankerous - (adj.) cecrus cantata - (n.) cantawd [-au, f.] Canterbury - (prop.n.) Caergaint canvas - (n.) cynfas [-au, fm.] canvas sheet - (n.) llywionen [f.] cap - (n.) cap [-iau, m.], capan [-au, m.] capacitance - (n.) cynhwysiant [cynwysiannau, m.] capacity - (n.) cynhwysedd [m.], gallu [-oedd, m.], swydd [-au, -i, f.] { <B>Cynhwysedd</B> is capacity when it is the amount something can hold. } { <B>Gallu</B> is a capacity that is an ability to do something, such as a capacity for hard work. } { <B>Swydd</B> is capacity as a specified role, such as working in the capacity of an international correspondent. } cape - (n.) penrhyn [-noedd, -nau, m.], trwyn [-au, m.] Cape of Good Hope - (prop.n.) Penrhyn Gobaith Da capella, a - (adj.) digyfeiliant caper - (v.) prancio [pranci-], rhygyngu [rhygyng-] capillarity - (n.) atynfa [atynfeydd, f.], atyniad [-au, m.] capital - (n.) cyfalaf [m.], prifddinas [-oedd, f.] { <B>Prifddinas</B> is the capital city. } capital letter - (n.) llythyren fras capitalism - (n.) cyfalafiaeth [f.] capitalist - (n.) cyfalafwr [cyfalafwyr, m.], cyfalafydd [-ion, m.] caprice - (n.) mympwy [-on, m.] capricious - (adj.) mympwyol captain - (n.) capten [capteiniaid, m.] captaincy - (n.) capteiniaeth [-au, f.] captive, lead - (v.) caethgludo [caethglud-] captivity - (n.) caethglud [f.], caethgludiad [-au, m.], caethiwed [m.] capture - (v.) cipio [cipi-] river capture - (n.) afon ladrad car - (n.) car [ceir, m.], cerbyd [-au, m.] car park - (n.) maes parcio Caractacus - (prop.n.) Caradog Caratacos - (prop.n.) Caradog carcass - (n.) abo (abwy) [m.], burgyn [-nod, -iaid, m.], dynin [m.], ysgerbwd [ysgerbydau, m.] card - (n.) cerdyn [cardiau, m.] smart card - (n.) cerdyn smart card - (v.) cribo [crib-] Cardiff - (prop.n.) Caerdydd Cardigan - (prop.n.) Aberteifi Cardiganshire - (prop.n.) Ceredigion care - (n.) cur [-iau, m.], cyfarchwel (cyfarchwyl) [m.], gofal [-on, m.], ymgeledd [m.] care for - (v.) arail [arail-] health care - (n.) gofal iechyd primary care - (n.) gofal sylfaenol take care - (interj.) cymer ofal, cymerwch ofal take care - (v.) carco [carc-], gofalu [gofal-], ymorol [ymorol-] take care of - (v.) adneuo [adneu-] care - (v.) gofalu [gofal-], malio [mali-], meindio [meindi-] career - (n.) gyrfa [-oedd, gyrfeydd, f.], rhawd [rhodau, f.] careful - (adj.) carcus, dichlyn, gofalus careless - (adj.) diofal, ysgafala carelessness - (n.) diofalwch [m.] caress - (n.) anwes [-au, m.] caress - (v.) anwesu [anwes-], anwylo [anwyl-], llochi [lloch-], pratio [prati-] caresses - (n.pl.) mwythau Carlisle - (prop.n.) Caerliwelydd Carmarthen - (prop.n.) Caerfyrddin carnage - (n.pl.) celanedd carnal - (adj.) cnawdol carol - (n.) carol [-au, f.], cwndid [-au, m.] carol - (v.) caroli [carol-] carousal - (n.) cyfeddach [-au, f.], gloddest [-au, m.], wtres [f.] carouse - (v.) cyfeddach [cyfedd-], gloddesta [gloddest-] carouser - (n.) cyfeddachwr [cyfeddachwyr, m.] carpenter - (n.) saer [seiri, m.] carpet - (n.) carped [-au, -i, m.] carriage - (n.) cludiad [-au, m.] carrion - (n.) burgyn [-nod, -iaid, m.], ysglyfaeth [-au, f.] carrot - (n.) moronen [moron, f.] carry - (v.) arwain [arweini-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. arwain], cario [cari-], cludo [clud-], cywain [cywain- ?] cart - (n.) ben [-ni, f.], cert [-i, f.], certwain [certweiniau, f.], certwyn [-i, f.], men [-ni, f.], troli [-%au, f.] carter - (n.) certiwr [certwyr, m.], troliwr [trolwyr, m.] cartful - (n.) mennaid (menned) [menneidiau, meneidiau, f.] cartilage - (n.) madruddyn [m.] cart-saddle - (n.) ystrodur [-iau, f.] cart-shaft - (n.) llorp [-iau, f.] carve - (v.) cerfio [cerfi-], ysgythru [ysgythr-] carved - (adj.) cerfiedig carving - (n.) cerfwaith [m.] case - (n.) cas [m.], cyflwr [cyflyrau, m.] { <B>Cas</B> is a case that holds things. } caseous - (adj.) cawsaidd cash - (n.) arian [m.], arian parod hard cash - (n.) arian sychion cask - (n.) casgen (casg) [-ni, casgiau, f.] cassette - (n.) caset [-iau, m.] Cassivellaunus - (prop.n.) Caswallon cassock - (n.) casul [-iau, -au, mf.] cast - (n.) bwrw [m.], cast [-iau, m.], ergyd [-ion, f.], tafl [-au, f.] cast hoar-frost - (v.) barugo [barug-], llwydrewi [llwydrew-] cast iron - (n.) haearn bwrw cast - (v.) bwrw [bwri-; 2.s.imp. bwrw, bwra], castio [casti-], ergydio [ergydi-], taflu [tafl-; 3.s. teifl; 2.s.imp. tafl] { <B>Bwrw</B> is to throw down, or against. } { <B>Taflu</B> is to throw up or away. } castellated - (adj.) castellog castigate - (v.) cystwyo [cystwy-] castle - (n.) caer [-au, ceyrydd, f.], castell [cestyll, m.] castle - (v.) castellu [castell-] castled - (adj.) castellog castrate - (v.) disbaddu [disbadd-] castrated - (adj.) disbaidd castrator - (n.) disbaddwr [disbaddwyr, m.] cat - (n.) cath [-od, -au, f.] catacomb - (n.) beddgell [-oedd, f.] catalog (catalogue) - (n.) llechres [-i, f.] catamite - (n.) gwrywgydiwr [gwrywgydwyr, m.] catapult - (n.) blif [-iau, m.], peiriant hyrddio cataract - (n.) pilen [-nau, f.], pistyll [-oedd, m.], rhaeadr [-au, f.], sgwd [sgydiau, fm.] catarrh - (n.) gormwyth [m.] catch - (n.) helfa [-+u, helfeydd, f.] catch birds - (v.) adara [adar-] catch eels - (v.) llysywenna [llysywenn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, llysywen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] catch mice - (v.) llygota [llygot-] catch sand eels - (v.) llymrieita [llymrieit-] catch - (v.) dal (dala) [dali-; 3.s. dail, deil; 2.s.imp. dal] catchpole - (n.) ceisbwl [ceisbyliaid, m.] catechism - (n.) holwyddoreg [-au, f.] catechist - (n.) holwr [holwyr, m.] catechize - (v.) holwyddori [holwyddor-] catering - (n.) arlwyaeth [f.] caterpillar - (n.) lindys [m.] Catherine - (prop.n.) Cadi, Catrin cathode - (n.) cathod [f.] catholic - (adj.) catholig Roman Catholic - (adj.) pabyddol Roman Catholic - (n.) pabydd [-ion, m.] catholicism - (n.) catholigrwydd [m.] catholicity - (n.) catholigrwydd [m.] cattle - (n.) da [-oedd, m.] cattle dealer - (n.) porthmon [porthmyn, m.] cattle grid - (n.) alch wartheg, bualch [bueilch, f.], grid gwartheg, rhwyll wartheg herd of cattle - (n.) alaf [-oedd, elyf, m.] cattle - (n.pl.) catel, gwartheg catty - (adj.) cathaidd caught, get - (v.) cael cop { The expression "cael cop" is only used in N. Wales. } cauldron - (n.) crochan [-au, m.], pair [peiriau, m.] causal - (adj.) damweiniol causality - (n.) achosiaeth [m.] causation - (n.) achosiant [m.] cause - (n.) achlysur [-on, m.], achos [-ion, m.] cause to - (v.) peri i cause - (v.) achosi [achos-], peri [par-; 3.s. pair, pa+r; 2.s.imp. pa+r] causeway - (n.) cawsai (cawsi) [mf.], sarn [-au, f.], seri [m.] caustic - (adj.) cignoeth caution - (n.) gochelgarwch [m.], gwyliadwriaeth [m.] caution - (v.) rhybuddio [rhybuddi-] cautious - (adj.) gochelgar, gwyliadwrus cavalryman - (n.) marchfilwr [marchfilwyr, m.] cave - (n.) ogof [-au, -a+u, -eydd, f.] cavil - (n.) geirddadl [f.] cavity - (n.) ceudod [m.] caw - (v.) cogor [cogor-], crawcian (crawcio) [crawci-] CD-ROM - (n.) crynoddisg -- cof darllen yn unig cease - (v.) pallu [pall-], peidio [peidi-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. paid] { <B>Pallu</B> has a sense of failing, no longer to be able to do, to cease through some fault or refusal. } { <B>Peidio</B> is to stop doing something which one has done or has been doing, or ("actively") not to do it. } cease work at eve - (v.) noswylio [noswyli-] ceaseless - (adj.) di-baid (dibaid) cedar - (n.) cedrwydden [cedrwydd, f.] ceiling - (n.) nen [-nau, -noedd, f.], nenfwd [nenfydau, m.] celebrate - (v.) dathlu [dathl-] celebrated - (adj.) hyglod celebration - (n.) dathliad [-au, m.] celerity - (n.) chwyrndra [m.] celestial - (adj.) nefol (nefolaidd), wybrennol cell - (n.) cafell [-au, f.], cell [-oedd, -au, f.] cellar - (n.) seler [-au, -ydd, -i, f.] cellular - (adj.) cellog cellular network - (n.) rhwydwaith cellog Celtic - (adj.) Celtaidd cement - (v.) asio [asi-], gludio [gludi-] cemetery - (n.) claddfa [claddfeydd, f.] censer - (n.) thuser [-au, f.] censor - (v.) sensro [sensr-] censure - (n.) cerydd [-on, m.], sen [-nau, f.] censure - (v.) beio [bei-], sennu [senn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, sen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] census - (n.) cyfrifiad [-au, m.] centenary - (n.) canmlwyddiant [canmlwyddiannau, m.] centennial - (adj.) canmlwydd centennial - (n.) canmlwyddiant [canmlwyddiannau, m.] center (centre) - (adj.) canol center (centre) of gravity - (n.) craidd disgyrchiant center (centre) - (n.) canol [-au, m.], canolbwynt [-iau, m.], canolfan [-nau, mf.], canolwr [canolwyr, m.], craidd [creiddiau, m.] { <B>Canolwr</B> is the kind of center (centre) who plays football. } center (centre) - (v.) canolbwyntio [canolbwynti-], canoli [canol-] central - (adj.) canolog centurion - (n.) canwriad [canwriaid, m.] century - (n.) canrif [-oedd, -au, f.] ceremonial - (adj.) seremoni%ol ceremony - (n.) defod [-au, f.], seremoni [-au, f.] certain - (adj.) diau, dilys [dilys- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], diogel, dir, rhyw, saff, sicr [sicr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>] { "Saff" is used in N. Wales. } { <B>Diau</B> means without doubt, so is often interchangeable with "sicr". } { <B>Dilys</B> is suitable, or authentic; it translates "certain" only when it mean "true" (for which "certain" is perhaps rarely used). } { <B>Sicr</B> is assured, so "gallaf eich sicr.hau"-I can (re)assure you. } certain day - (n.) dyddgwaith [m.] certainly - (adv.) sbo certainty - (n.) sicrwydd [m.] certificate - (n.) tystysgrif [-au, f.] certify - (v.) dilysu [dilys-] cetera, et - (adv.) ac ati chafe - (v.) brochi [broch-], ffromi [ffrom-], llidio [llidi-], rhwbio (rhwbian) [rhwbi-], sorri [sorr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, sor- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] { You "ffromi wrth" someone or something. } chafer - (n.) chwil [-od, mf.] chaff - (n.) mwlwg [m.], peiswyn [m.] chaff - (n.pl.) us chaffinch - (n.) asgell fraith, gwinc [-od, f.], ji-binc [-od, f.], pinc [-od, mf.] chain - (n.) aerwy [-au, -on, m.], cadwyn [-i, -au, f.], tid [-au, f.], tres [-i, f.] in chains - (adj.) cadwynog ornamented torque or chain - (n.) aerwy [-au, -on, m.] chain - (v.) cadwyno [cadwyn-] chained - (adj.) cadwynog chair - (adj.) cadeiriol chair - (n.) cadair [cadeiriau, f.], ysto+l [ystolion, f.] chair - (v.) cadeirio [cadeiri-] chair-back - (n.) bancr [m.] chaired - (adj.) cadeiriog chaired bard - (n.) cadeirfardd [cadeirfeirdd, m.] chairman - (n.) cadeirydd [-ion, cadeirwyr, m.] chairwoman - (n.) cadeiryddes [-au, f.] chalk - (n.) sialc [-iau, m.] challenge - (n.) her [-iau, f.], sialens [f.] challenge - (v.) herio (herian) [heri-], sialensio [sialensi-] challenging - (adj.) hergar chamber - (n.) cell [-oedd, -au, f.], siambr [f.], ystafell [-oedd, f.] chamberlain - (n.) ystafellydd [-ion, m.] champion - (n.) campwr [campwyr, m.], hyrwyddwr [hyrwyddwyr, m.], pencampwr [pencampwyr, m.], rhyswr [rhyswyr, m.] chance - (n.) cyfle [-on, -adau, -oedd, m.], damwain [damweiniau, f.], siawns [f.] by chance - (adv.) ar antur chancel - (n.) cangell [canghellau, f.] chancellorship - (n.) cangelloriaeth [f.] chandler - (n.) canhwyllwr [canhwyllwyr, m.] change - (n.) cyfnewidiad [-au, m.], newid [m.] { <B>Newid</B> is change of all sorts, including the money returned after a transaction. } change color (colour) - (v.) amliwio [amliwi-] change key - (v.) trawsgyweirio [trawsgyweiri-] change - (v.) cyfnewid [cyfnewidi-], newid [newidi-; 2.s.imp. newid] changeable - (adj.) anwadal, cyfnewidiol, oriog changeless - (adj.) anghyfnewidiol changer - (n.) cyfnewidiwr [cyfnewidwyr, m.] channel - (n.) cwndid [-au, m.], cwter [-i, -ydd, f.], sianel [-i, f.] chant - (n.) corgan [-au, f.] chant - (v.) canu [can-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. ca+n], corganu [corgan-] chaos - (n.) anhrefn [mf.], tryblith [m.] chaotic - (adj.) anhrefnus chapel - (n.) betws [m.], capel [-i, -au, m.] chapel of ease - (n.) capel anwes chapel-goer - (n.) capelwr [capelwyr, m.] chaplain - (n.) caplan [-iaid, m.] chaplaincy - (n.) caplaniaeth [-au, f.] chaplet - (n.) amdorch [amdyrch, f.] chapter - (n.) pennod [penodau, f.] char - (v.) golosgi [golosg-] character - (n.) cymeriad [-au, m.], nod [-au, -ion, mf.], nodwedd [-ion, f.] { <B>Nod</B> is a character on your keyboard. } optical character recognition - (n.) adnabyddiad marciau gweledol characteristic - (adj.) nodweddiadol characteristic - (n.) nodwedd [-ion, f.] characteristics - (n.pl.) teithi characterize - (v.) hynodi [hynod-], nodweddu [nodwedd-] charcoal - (n.) sercol [m.?] charcoal - (n.pl.) marworyn [marwor, m.] charge - (n.) cyhuddiad [-au, m.], ergyd [-ion, f.], gofal [-on, m.], gwefr [f.], pris [-iau, -oedd, m.], rhuthr [-au, m.], siars [f.] { <B>Cyhuddiad</B> is the king of charge you file in court. } { <B>Ergyd</B> is the charge that dynamite produces. } { <B>Gofal</B> is a person under your charge or the charge itself. } { <B>Gwefr</B> is the charge that an ion has (electrical). } { <B>Pris</B> is the charge you have to pay for merchandise. } { <B>Rhuthr</B> is a charge that an army does against the enemy. } { <B>Siars</B> is a charge that a superior gives to a subordinate. } charge - (v.) cyhuddo [cyhudd-], siarsio [siarsi-] { <B>Cyhuddo</B> is charging someone of a crime. } { <B>Siarsio</B> is charge when you tell someone what to do. } charger - (n.) march [meirch, m.] chariot - (n.) cerbyd [-au, m.] charitable - (adj.) elusen.gar, elusennol charity - (n.) cardod [-au, f.], elusen.garwch [m.] Charles - (prop.n.) Siarl charm - (n.) cyfaredd [-ion, -au, f.], hud [-ion, m.], swyn [-ion, m.] charm - (v.) aswyno [aswyn-], cyfareddu [cyfaredd-], hudo [hud-], swyno [swyn-] charming - (adj.) swynol chart - (n.) siart [-iau, f.] flip chart - (n.) siart droi charter - (n.) breinlen [-ni, -nau, f.], siartr [-au, f.] chase - (n.) helwriaeth [-au, f.], ymlidiad [-au, m.] chase - (v.) hel [heli-], ymlid [ymlid-] chaste - (adj.) dillyn, diwair chastening - (adj.) ceryddol chastise - (v.) ceryddu [cerydd-], coethi [coeth-], cystwyo [cystwy-] chastisement - (n.) cerydd [-on, m.] chastiser - (n.) ceryddwr [ceryddwyr, m.] chastising - (adj.) ceryddol chastity - (n.) diweirdeb [m.] chasuble - (n.) casul [-iau, -au, mf.] chat - (n.) sgwrs [sgyrsiau, f.], ymgom [-iau, -ion, f.] chat - (v.) sgwrsio [sgwrsi-], ymgomio [ymgomi-] chattels - (n.pl.) catel chatter - (n.) clebar (cleber) [mf.], trydar [m.] chatter - (v.) clebran [clebr-], cogor [cogor-], trydar [trydar-] chattering - (n.) cogor [m.], deincryd [m.] { <B>Deincryd</B> refers specifically to teeth chattering or gnashing. } cheap - (adj.) rhad cheapness - (n.) rhadlondeb (rhadlonrwydd) [m.] cheat - (n.) hocedwr [hocedwyr, m.] cheat - (v.) cafflo [caffl-], castio [casti-], hocedu [hoced-], twyllo [twyll-] check - (n.) atalfa [atalfeydd, f.], ataliad [-au, m.], ataliaeth [-au, f.] check digit - (n.) did gwirio unable to be checked - (adj.) anhyludd checker, spell - (n.) gwiriwr sillafu cheek - (n.) boch [-au, f.], cern [-au, f.], gran [-nau, m.], grudd [-iau, mf.] cheek - (v.) bochio (bochian) [bochi-] cheeks - (n.) deurudd [m.] cheeky - (adj.) egr cheer - (n.) lloniant [lloniannau, m.] cheer - (v.) llonni [llonn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, llon- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], sirioli (siriolu) [siriol-] cheerful - (adj.) llawen, siriol cheerfulness - (n.) sirioldeb [m.] cheerless - (adj.) aflawen, anaraul, blwng [f. blong] cheese - (n.) caws [m.] a cheese - (n.) cosyn [-nau, -nod, m.] cheese-vat - (n.) cawsellt [-ydd, -i, -au, m.] cheesy - (adj.) cawsaidd chemical - (adj.) cemegol chemist - (n.) cemegwr [cemegwyr, m.], fferyllydd [-ion, m.] chemistry - (n.) cemeg [f.] cherish - (v.) anwesu [anwes-], anwylo [anwyl-], coledd (coleddu) [coledd-], mynwesu [mynwes-], ymgeleddu [ymgeledd-], ymserchu [ymserch-] cherisher - (n.) coleddwr [coleddwyr, m.] cherry - (n.) ceiriosen [ceirios, f.] cherub - (n.) cerub (ceriwb) [-iaid, m.] chess - (n.) gwyddbwyll [f.] chessboard - (n.) tawlbwrdd [tawlbyrddau, m.] chest - (n.) brest [-iau, f.], cist [-iau, f.], coffr [-au, m.], dwyfron [-nau, f.] Chester - (prop.n.) Caerlleon chestful - (n.) cistaid (cisted) [cisteidiau, f.] chestnut - (n.) castan [-au, f.] chestnut tree - (n.) castanwydden [castanwydd, f.] chew - (v.) cnoi [cno- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>; 3.s. cny*; 2.s.imp. cno] chew cud - (v.) cil-gnoi (cilgnoi) [cil-gno- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>, cilgno- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>] chew one's cud - (v.) atgnoi [atgno- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>] chewing - (n.) cno [-eon, m.] second chewing - (n.) atgno [-au, -eau, -eon, m.], atgnofa [atgnofeydd, f.] chick - (n.) cyw [-ion, m.] chicken - (n.) cyw [-ion, m.] chickpeas - (n.pl.) corbys chief - (adj.) pen [penn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], pennaf, prif chief bard - (n.) prifardd [prifeirdd, m.] chief musician - (n.) pencerdd [penceirddiaid, m.] chief officer - (n.) penswyddog (pen-swyddog) [-ion, m.] chief rhyme - (n.) prifodl [-au, f.] chief - (n.) bre%yr [brehyrion, -iaid, m.], pen [-nau, m.], penaig [m.], pennaeth [penaethiaid, m.], primas [m.] chilblains - (n.) cibwst (cibws) [f.] child - (n.) plentyn [plant, m.] childhood - (n.) mabandod [f.], maboed [m.], mebyd [m.], plentyndod [m.] childish - (adj.) babanaidd, bachgennaidd, plentynnaidd grow childish - (v.) babanu [baban-] childishness - (n.) plentyneiddiwch [m.], plentynrwydd [m.] childless - (adj.) amhlantadwy childlike - (adj.) babanaidd children, bear - (v.) planta [plant-] children, beget - (v.) planta [plant-] children, handicapped - (n.) plant dan anfantais children, little - (n.pl.) plantos chill - (adj.) oer [oer- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>] chill - (v.) oeri [oer-] chilling - (adj.) addoer chillness - (n.) oerni [m.] chilly - (adj.) anwydog (anwydus), fferllyd, oeraidd, oerfelog, oerllyd, rhynllyd chilly - (n.) rhyndod [m.] chimney - (n.) ffumer [-au, m.], llumon [m.], lwfer [-au, m.], simdde [-au?, f.], simnai [simneiau, f.] chin - (n.) elgeth [f.], ge+n [genau, f.] double chin - (n.) tagell [-au, tegyll, f.] chink - (v.) tincian [tinci-] chip - (n.) asglodyn [asglodion, asglod, m.], pric [-iau, m.] chip - (v.) naddu [nadd-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. nadd] chips - (n.pl.) naddion Chirk - (prop.n.) Y Waun chiropody - (n.) trin traed chirp - (n.) trydar [m.] chirp - (v.) grillian (grillio) [grilli-], trydar [trydar-] chisel - (n.) cy+n [cynion, m.], gaing [geingau, geingiau, geingion, f.] chisel - (v.) cynio [cyni-], geingio [geingi-] chitter - (v.) yswitian [yswiti-] choice - (adj.) amheuthun, dewisol choice - (n.) dewis [m.], dewisiad [-au, m.] choir - (n.) co+r [corau, m.] choke - (v.) llindagu [llindag-], tagu [tag-] choking - (n.) tagfa [tagfeydd, f.] cholera morbus - (n.) geri marwol choose - (v.) dethol [dethol-], dewis [dewis-], dichlyn [dichlyn-] chop - (n.) golwyth [-ion, m.] chop - (v.) malu [mal-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. ma+l] choral - (adj.) corawl chord - (n.) cord [-iau, m.], tant [tannau, m.] chorus - (n.) byrdwn [-au?, m.], cytgan [-au, mf.] Christ - (prop.n.) Crist [m.] Jesus Christ - (prop.n.) Iesu Grist christening - (n.) bedydd [-iau, m.] Christian - (adj.) Cristnogol Christian - (n.) Cristion [Cristnogion, m.] Christianity - (n.) Cristnogaeth [f.] Christmas - (prop.n.) Nadolig [m.] Merry Christmas - (interj.) Nadolig llawen chromosome - (n.) cromosom [-au, m.] chronic - (adj.) par.haol chronicle - (n.) brud [-iau, m.], coflyfr [-au, m.], cronicl [-au, m.] chronicle - (v.) croniclo [cronicl-] chronological - (adj.) amseryddol chronologist - (n.) amserydd [-ion, m.] chronology - (n.) amseryddiaeth [f.] chunk - (n.) cwlff (cwlffyn) [cylffiau, m.] church - (adj.) eglwysig parochial church - (n.) eglwys y plwyf church - (n.) eglwys [-i, -ydd, f.], llan [-nau, f.] churchman - (n.) eglwyswr [eglwyswyr, m.] churchwoman - (n.) eglwyswraig [eglwyswragedd, f.] churchyard - (n.) mynwent [-au, -ydd, f.] churl - (n.) adwr [m.], delff [m.], taeog [-au, -ion, m.] churlish - (adj.) taeog, taeogaidd churlishness - (n.) afrywiogrwydd [m.] churn - (n.) buddai [buddeiau, f.] churn - (v.) corddi [cordd-] churner - (n.) corddwr [corddwyr, m.] churning - (n.) corddiad [-au, m.] cigar - (n.) sigar [-au, f.] cigarette - (n.) sigaret [-au, -s, f.] cinders - (n.pl.) ulw cinnamon - (n.) sinamon [m.?], synamon [m.] circle - (n.) amgarn [-au, mf.], cant [-au, m.], cylch [-au, -oedd, m.], cylchedd [-au, m.] circumscribed circle - (n.) amgylch [-au, -oedd, m.] lead in circles - (v.) cylcharwain [cylcharweini-] circle - (v.) cylchio [cylchi-] circuit - (n.) amdaith [amdeithiau, f.], amgylch [-au, -oedd, m.], cylchdaith [cylchdeithiau, f.], cylchedd [-au, m.] { <B>Amdaith</B> is an electrical circuit. } circuitous - (adj.) cwmpasog circular - (n.) cylchlythyr [-au, m.] circulate - (v.) cylchredeg [cylchred-], lledaenu [lledaen-] circulation - (n.) cylchrediad [m.] circulatory - (adj.) cylchredol circumcise - (v.) enwaedu [enwaed-] circumcision - (n.) enwaediad [-au, m.] circumference - (n.) amgylchedd [-ion, -au, m.] circumflex - (n.) acen grom, to bach circumlocute - (v.) cylchymadroddi [cylchymadrodd-] circumlocution - (n.) cylchymadrodd [-ion, m.] circumscribed circle - (n.) amgylch [-au, -oedd, m.] circumspect - (adj.) dichlyn, dichlynaidd, gwagelog circumstance - (n.) amgylchiad [-au, m.] circumstantial - (adj.) amgylchiadol cistern - (n.) dyfrgist [-iau, f.] citation - (n.) dyfyniad [-au, m.] cite - (v.) dyfynnu [dyfynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, dyfyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] citizen - (n.) dinesydd [dinasyddion, m.] citizenship - (n.) dinasyddiaeth [f.] city - (n.) caer [-au, ceyrydd, f.], dinas [-oedd, f.] civic - (adj.) dinesig civil - (adj.) cartrefol, dinesig, gwladol civilization - (n.) gwareiddiad [m.] civilize - (v.) gwareiddio [gwareiddi-] civilized - (adj.) gwaraidd, gwareiddiedig clack - (n.) clec [-iau, -s, f.], clep [-iau, f.] clack - (v.) clecian [cleci-], clegar [clegar-] claim - (n.) hawl [-iau, holion, f.], honiad [-au, m.] lay claim to - (v.) ymhonni [ymhonn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, ymhon- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] claim - (v.) arddel [arddel-], arddelu (arddelwi) [arddel-], hawlio [hawli-] claimant - (n.) hawlydd [-ion, m.] clam - (n.) cragen fylchog clamber - (v.) cribo [crib-], dringo [dring-] clammy - (adj.) cleiog, gludiog, toeslyd clamor (clamour) - (n.) baldordd [m.], cri [-au, f.], dadwrdd [m.], gwaedd [-au, f.], na+d [nadau, f.] clamor (clamour) - (v.) crochlefain [crochlef-] clamp - (n.) craff [-au, mf.], ystyffwl [m.?] clan - (n.) ciwdod [f.], llwyth [-au, m.], tylwyth [-au, m.] clandestine - (adj.) lladradaidd clang - (n.) clonc [-iau, f.], tinc [-iau, -iadau, m.] clank - (n.) clonc [-iau, f.] clank - (v.) tincian [tinci-] clap - (n.) clep [-iau, f.], trwst [trystau, m.], twrf [tyrfau, m.] { <B>Twrf</B> is a clap of thunder. } clap - (v.) clepian [clepi-], curo [cur-], curo dwylo, taro [traw-; 3.s. tery; 2.s.imp. taro] clarify - (v.) croywi [croyw-], egluro [eglur-], gloywi [gloyw-], puro [pur-], teru [ter-] { <B>Egluro</B> is to clarify a concept. } { <B>Gloywi</B> is to clarify an object. } { <B>Puro</B> is to clarify an object. } clarinet - (n.) clarine/t [clarinetau, m.], torbib [-au, f.] clarion - (n.) utgorn [utgyrn, m.] clarity - (n.) eglurdeb (eglurder) [m.] clash - (n.) tonc [-iau, f.], tyrfu [m.?] clash - (v.) gwrthdaro [gwrthdar-], taro [traw-; 3.s. tery; 2.s.imp. taro] clasp - (n.) bach [-au, mf.], clesbyn [m.], gwa%eg [f.?] clasp - (v.) cofleidio [cofleidi-], gwa%egu [gwa%eg-] { <B>Cofleidio</B> is when two people clasp. } { <B>Gwa%egu</B> is fastening a clasp. } class - (n.) dosbarth [-iadau, -au, m.] class - (v.) dosbarthu [dosbarth-] classic - (adj.) awduraidd classic - (n.) clasur [-on, m.] classical - (adj.) clasurol classify - (v.) dosbarthu [dosbarth-] clatter - (n.) trwst [trystau, m.] clatter - (v.) clepian [clepi-], clewtian [clewti-], trystio [trysti-] clause - (n.) adran [-nau, f.], bannod [banodau, f.], cymal [-au, m.] claw - (n.) crafanc [crafangau, f.], ewin [-edd, mf.] having claws - (adj.) ewinog claw - (v.) crafangio (crafangu) [crafangi-], cripio [cripi-], ewino [ewin-] clay - (n.) clai [cleiau, m.] clayey - (adj.) cleiog clean - (adj.) gla+n [gleni- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], glanwaith, syber clean - (v.) glanhau [glan- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] { "Glanhau" is accented on the final syllable, in contrast to the usual rule. } cleaner, vacuum - (n.) hwfar [m.?] cleanliness - (n.) glanweithdra [m.] cleanly - (adj.) glanwaith cleanness - (n.) glendid [m.] cleanse - (v.) carthu [carth-], glanhau [glan- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], puro [pur-] { "Glanhau" is accented on the final syllable, in contrast to the usual rule. } cleanser - (n.) carthwr [carthwyr, m.] cleansing - (adj.) glanhaol cleansing - (n.) glanhad [m.] { "Glanhad" is accented on the final syllable, in contrast to the usual rule. } clear - (adj.) amlwg [amlyc- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], claer, clir [clir- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], croyw [f. croew; pl. -on], eglur, gloyw [pl. -on], plaen, te+r clear up - (v.) sychgoli [sychgol-] { <B>Sychgoli</B> means clear up when speaking of weather. } clear y - (n.) sain ganol gaee%dig make clear - (v.) egluro [eglur-] clear - (v.) amlymu [amlym-], arloesi [arloes-], clirio [cliri-], croywi [croyw-], teru [ter-] clearness - (n.) claerder [m.], croywder [m.], eglurdeb (eglurder) [m.], gloywder [m.] cleave - (v.) fforchogi [fforchog-], glynu [glyn-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gly+n], hollti [hollt-] { <B>Fforchogi</B> is to divide or cleave a hoof. } { <B>Glynu</B> is cleave in the sense of adhere. } { <B>Hollti</B> is cleave in the sense of split apart. } cleave to - (v.) glynu wrth, ymlynu [ymlyn-] cleff - (n.) allwedd [-i, -au, f.], cleff [m.?] cleft - (adj.) fforchog full of clefts - (adj.) agennog cleft - (n.) agen [-nau, f.], hollt [-au, mf.] clement - (adj.) tirion, trugarog, tyner clench - (v.) cau yn dyn, clensio [clensi-] clergy - (n.) offeiriad [offeiriaid, m.] clergyman - (n.) clerigwr [clerigwyr, m.], offeiriad [offeiriaid, m.], person [-iaid, m.] clerical - (adj.) clerigol, perthynol glerc { <B>Clerigol</B> is clerical referring to the clergy. } { <B>Perthynol glerc</B> is clerical referring to a clerk. } clerk - (n.) clerc [-od, m.] serve as clerk - (v.) clercio [clerci-] clever - (adj.) ciwt, clyfar, deheuig, hyfedr, medrus cleverness - (n.) clyfrwch [m.], deheurwydd [m.], medr [-au, m.], medrusrwydd [m.] click - (n.) clec [-iau, -s, f.] click - (v.) clecian [cleci-], clepian [clepi-], clician [clici-] clicket - (n.) clicied (cliced) [-au, -i, f.] client - (n.) cwsmer [-iaid, m.], cyflogydd [-ion, m.] cliff - (n.) allt [elltydd, f.], clogwyn [-i, -au, m.], gallt [gelltydd, f.] climate - (n.) hinsawdd [hinsoddau, f.] climatic - (adj.) hinsoddol climax - (n.) uchafbwynt [-iau, m.] climb - (n.) dringad [m.], dringfa [dringfeydd, f.] steep climb - (n.) gorifyny [m.] climb - (v.) cripio [cripi-], dringad [dringad-], dringo [dring-] climber - (n.) dringhedydd [dringedyddion, m.], dringwr [dringwyr, m.] clinch - (v.) cau [cae-; 3.s. cae; 2.s.imp. cau, caua, caea], clensio [clensi-], cloi [clo- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>; 3.s. clo, cly*; 2.s.imp. clo] cling - (v.) cydio [cydi-], glynu [glyn-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gly+n] clinic - (n.) clinig [m.?], meddygfa [meddygfeydd, f.] clinical - (adj.) clinigol clink - (n.) agen [-nau, f.] clink - (v.) tincian [tinci-] clip - (v.) clipio [clipi-], cneifio [cneifi-], tocio [toci-] clipboard - (n.) clipfwrdd [clipfyrddau, m.] clique - (n.) clic [m.?], clymblaid [clymbleidiau, f.] cliquishiness - (n.) clymbleidiaeth [f.] cloak - (n.) arwisg [-oedd, f.], clog [-au, mf.], clogyn [-nau, m.], cob [-au, mf.], cochl [-au, mf.], hugan [-au, f.], mantell [-oedd, mentyll, f.] cloak - (v.) celu [cel-], cochli [cochl-], cuddio [cuddi-] clock - (n.) awrlais [awrleisiau, m.], cloc [-iau, m.] clod - (n.) priddell [-au, -i, f.], tywarchen [tywarch, f.] clog - (n.) clocsen [clocsiau, f.] clog - (v.) llesteirio (llestair) [llesteiri-], tagu [tag-] cloister - (n.) clas [m.], clwysty [clwystai, m.] clone - (n.) clo+n [clonau, m.] close - (adj.) agos [agos- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>; nesed; nes; nesaf], caeth [pl. -ion], clo\s, craff, mwll [f. moll], mwrn, myglyd, tesog, trymaidd, trymllyd, tyn [f. ten] { <B>Mwll</B> is close in the sense of hot and sticky. } { <B>Mwrn</B> is close in the sense of hot and sticky. } { <B>Myglyd</B> is close in the sense of stifling. } a close shave - (adv.) cael a chael close by - (adv.) yngo (yngod) look closely - (v.) craffu [craff-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. craff] look closely at - (v.) craffu ar close - (n.) buarth [-au, m.], cadlas [cadlesydd, f.], cae [-au, m.], clas [m.], clos [-ydd, m.], clwt [clytiau, m.], diwedd [-au, m.], diweddglo [-eon, m.] { <B>Buarth</B> is the close that is an enclosed space. } { <B>Cae</B> is the kind of close that is an enclosed space. } { <B>Clas</B> is the close that is an enclosed space. } { <B>Clos</B> is the close that is an enclosed space. } { <B>Clwt</B> is the kind of close that is an enclosed space. } { <B>Diwedd</B> is the kind of close that comes at the end. } { <B>Diweddglo</B> is the kind of close that comes at the end. } close - (v.) cau [cae-; 3.s. cae; 2.s.imp. cau, caua, caea], closio [closi-], terfynu [terfyn-] closed - (adj.) caead, caee%dig, cloe%dig closet - (n.) cell [-oedd, -au, f.], geudy [geudai, m.], ystafell [-oedd, f.] closure - (n.) cloadur [m.] clot - (n.) tolchen [-ni, f.] clot - (v.) ceulo [ceul-], tolchi [tolch-] cloth - (n.) brethyn [-nau, m.], cadach [-au, m.], lliain [llieiniau, m.] asbestos cloth - (n.) urael [m.] full cloth - (v.) pannu [pann- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, pan- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] clothe - (v.) dilladu [dillad-], gwisgo [gwisg-] clothes - (n.pl.) dilledyn [dillad, m.], gwisg [-oedd, f.] swaddling clothes - (n.) cewyn [-nau, -non, m.] clothier - (n.) brethynnwr [brethynnwyr, m.], dilledydd [-ion, m.] clothing - (n.) archen [f.], archenad [m.] clothing - (n.pl.) dilledyn [dillad, m.] clotted dirt - (n.) cagl [-au, m.] cloud - (n.) cwmwl [cymylau, m.] cloud - (v.) cymylu [cymyl-] clouded - (adj.) cymylog cloudy - (adj.) cymylog clout - (n.) brat [-iau, m.], carp [-iau, m.], cernod [-iau, f.], cerpyn [carpiau, m.], clewt [-iau, m.], clwt [clytiau, m.], llarp [-iau, m.], pilyn [pilion, -nau, m.] clout - (v.) clewtian [clewti-], clytio [clyti-] cloven - (adj.) fforchog clover - (n.) clofer [m.?], meillionen [meillion, f.] clovery - (adj.) meillionog clown - (n.) clown [cloynnau, m.], croesan [-iaid, -aid, -od, m.], lleban [-od, m.] cloy - (v.) digoni [digon-], syrffedu [syrffed-] { You "syrffedu ar" something. } club - (n.) clopa [-+u, fm.], clwb [clybiau, m.], clwpa [-od, m.], pastwn [pastynau, m.] club - (v.) clybio [clybi-], coedio [coedi-], pastynu [pastyn-] { <B>Coedio</B> has the meanings "beat" or "escape" only in the N. Wales dialect. } cluck - (v.) clegar [clegar-], clochdar [clochdar-], clocian [cloci-], clwcian [clwci-], crecian [creci-] clue - (n.) arwydd (arw+y) [-ion, mf.], pen llinyn clump - (n.) clamp [-iau, m.], clwmp [-iau, f.?], cyff [-ion, -iau, m.] clumsiness - (n.) bwn.glerwch [m.] clumsy - (adj.) abrwysg, afrosgo, afrwydd, anfedrus, anfytynaidd, anghelfydd, anhyfedr, annethau, annillyn, carbwl, carfaglog, clogyrnaidd, lletchwith, llibin, trwsgl [f. trosgl], trwstan cluster - (n.) bagad [-au, mf.], clwstwr [clystyrau, m.], swp [sypiau, m.] small cluster - (n.) bagedyn [m.] cluster - (v.) bagadu [bagad-], casglu [casgl-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. casgl], pyngad (pyngu) [pyng-], tyrru [tyrr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, tyr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. twr] clutch - (n.) bachell [-ion, -au, f.], crafanc [crafangau, f.], gafael [-ion, f.] clutch - (v.) crafangio (crafangu) [crafangi-] clutches - (n.pl.) hafflau clutter - (n.) helynt [-ion, f.] clutter - (v.) dadwrdd [dadyrdd-] co- - (pfx.) cyd- { "Cyd-" causes a soft mutation to the affixed stem. } coach - (n.) cerbyd [-au, m.], hyfforddwr [hyfforddwyr, m.] { <B>Cerbyd</B> is the kind of coach you ride in. } { <B>Hyfforddwr</B> is the coach who heads a team. } coachman - (n.) cerbydwr [cerbydwyr, m.] coadjutor - (n.) cynorthwyydd [-ion, m.] coagulate - (v.) ceulo [ceul-] coal - (n.) glo [m.], glo%yn [gloynnod, gloynnau, m.] coalesce - (v.) cyd-doddi [cyd-dodd-], cyfuno [cyfun-] coalition - (n.) clymblaid [clymbleidiau, f.], cyfuniad [-au, m.], cynghrair [cynghreiriau, mf.] { <B>Clymblaid</B> is coalition as a group of people. } { <B>Cyfuniad</B> is coalition as a process. } { <B>Cynghrair</B> is coalition as a group of people. } coarse - (adj.) aflednais, bras [bras- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], garw [pl. geirwon, geirw] { <B>Aflednais</B> is coarse in behavior (behaviour). } { <B>Bras</B> is coarse in texture. } { <B>Garw</B> is coarse in behavior (behaviour). } coarse grass - (n.) bragwair [m.] coarse long hair - (n.) rhawn [m.] tall coarse grass - (n.pl.) marchwellt coast - (n.) arfordir [-oedd, m.], glan [-nau, glennydd, f.], goror [-au, m.] coast - (v.) hwylio gyda'r tir coat - (n.) cob [-au, mf.], cot (co+t) [cotiau, f.], pais [peisiau, f.] coat of mail - (n.) llurig [-au, f.] coating - (n.) caen [-au, f.], golchiad [-au, m.] coax - (v.) denu [den-], hudo [hud-], perswadio [perswadi-] cobble - (n.) carreg balmant cobble - (v.) coblan (coblo) [cobl-], crydda [crydd-] cobbler - (n.) cobler [-iaid, m.], coblwr [coblwyr, m.], crydd [-ion, m.] cobblestone - (n.) carreg balmant cobweb - (n.) gwe pryf cop, gwe'r cor cock - (n.) ceiliog [-od, m.], cogwrn [cogyrnau, cegyrn, m.], mwdwl [mydylau, m.] { <B>Cogwrn</B> is the kind of cock that corn has. } { <B>Mwdwl</B> is a cock of hay. } cock - (v.) cocian (cocio) [coci-], codi (cyfodi) [cod-, cyfod-; 3.s. cwyd, cyfyd, cod; 2.s.imp. cod, cwyd], mydylu [mydyl-], picio [pici-] cock-crow - (n.) plygain [plygeiniau, m.] cockerel - (n.) ceiliogyn [m.], cyw ceiliog cockle - (n.) cocsen [cocos, cocs, f.] cockles - (n.pl.) rhython cockroach - (n.) chwilen ddu cock-sure - (adj.) gor.hyderus, gorbendant cocoa - (n.) coco [m.?] cod - (n.) penfras [m.] coddle - (v.) codlo [codl-], llochi [lloch-], panso [pans-] code - (n.) cyfundrefn [-au, f.], dosbarth [-iadau, -au, m.], rheithlyfr [-au, m.] codex - (n.) ysgriflyfr [-au, m.] codicil - (n.) atodiad at ewyllys, o+l-ewyllys [-iau, fm.] codify - (v.) cyfundrefnu [cyfundrefn-], dosbarthu [dosbarth-] codpiece - (n.) balog [-au, f.] coefficient - (n.) cyfernod [-au, m.] coerce - (v.) gorfodi [gorfod-], gorthrechu [gorthrech-] { You "gorfodi i" a person. } coersion (coercion) - (n.) gorthrech [m.] coeval - (adj.) cyfoed coffee - (n.) coffi [m.] coffer - (n.) cist [-iau, f.], coffr [-au, m.] coffin - (n.) arch [eirch, f.], ysgri+n [ysgriniau, f.] cog - (n.) co\g [m.?], dant olwyn gocos cog - (v.) cogio [cogi-] cogent - (adj.) argyhoeddiadol, cryf [f. cref; pl. -ion; cryf- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], grymus cogitate - (v.) meddwl [meddyli-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. meddwl], myfyrio [myfyri-] cognate - (adj.) cytras, perthynol cognitive - (adj.) gwybyddol cognizant - (adj.) hysbys cogs - (n.pl.) cocos cogwheel - (n.) olwyn gocos cohabit - (v.) cyd-drigo [cyd-drig-], cyd-fyw [def.], cytal [cytal-] cohere - (v.) cydlynu [cydlyn-], cyflynu [cyflyn-] cohesion - (n.) cydlyniad [m.], cyflyniad [-au, m.] cohort - (n.) mintai o filwyr coil - (n.) torch [-au, f.] coil - (v.) torchi [torch-] coiled - (adj.) torchog coin - (adj.) bathol base coin - (n.) arian drwg coin - (n.) arian bath, bath [-au, m.] coin - (v.) bathu [bath-] coinage - (n.) bathiad [-au, m.] coincide - (v.) cyd-ddigwydd [cyd-ddigwydd-], cytuno [cytun-] coincidence - (n.) cyd-ddigwyddiad [-au, m.] coined - (adj.) bathol coiner - (n.) bathwr [bathwyr, m.] coining - (n.) bathiad [-au, m.] coke - (n.) co+c [m.?], golosg [-ion, m.] cold - (adj.) anghynnes, anwydog (anwydus), oer [oer- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], oerfelog bad cold - (n.) annwyd trwm having a cold - (adj.) anwydog (anwydus) perish with cold - (v.) fferru [fferr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, ffer- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] starve with cold - (v.) rhynnu [rhynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, rhyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], sythu [syth-] cold - (n.) annwyd [anwydau, -on, m.], oerfel [m.], oerni [m.] { <B>Annwyd</B> is the kind of cold you catch if you don't dress warmly. } { <B>Oerfel</B> is the kind of cold that is outside when it snows. } { <B>Oerni</B> is the kind of cold that is outside when it snows. } coldish - (adj.) oeraidd coldness - (n.) oerder [m.], oerfelgarwch [m.], oerni [m.] colic - (n.) bolgno [m.], bolgnofa [bolgnofeydd, f.], bolwst [mf.] collaborate - (v.) cydgyfansoddi [cydgyfansodd-], cydlafurio [cydlafuri-] collapse - (n.) cwymp [-au, m.], ymollyngdod [m.] collapse - (v.) cydymollwng [cydymollyng-], ymollwng [ymollyng-] collar - (n.) aerwy [-au, -on, m.], coler [-i, -au, fm.] cow collar - (n.) aerwy [-au, -on, m.] collar - (v.) colero (coleru) [coler-] collate - (v.) cyfleu [cyfle-], cymharu [cymhar-] collateral - (adj.) cyfochrol, cyfystlys colleague - (n.) cyd-swyddog [-ion, m.], cydweithiwr [cydweithwyr, m.] collect - (n.) colect [m.?] collect - (v.) casglu [casgl-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. casgl], cronni [cronn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cron- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], crynhoi [crynho- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>], cynnull [cynnull-], hel [heli-] { "Crynhoi" is accented on the last syllable, against the usual rule. } { <B>Casglu</B> is to make a "casgliad", a collection. It is essentially equivalent to "hel". You can "ymhel" and "ymgasglu" more-or-less equally well. There are some unlikely uses of "casglu", but these are marginal. Some people say "casglu" for "cronni" (gather into a "cronfa", of course, rather than a "casgliad") and there is a medical sense of "casglu" (and "cronni") which is for pus to gather. "Casglu" can also mean "gather" in the sense of infer, as in "I gather that you're leaving the company." } { <B>Cronni</B> is to collect a substance rather than individuals. There is a sense of a sump, or a reservoir, or of a fund perhaps. } { <B>Hel</B> is essentially equivalent to "casglu". "Hel casgliad" is to make a collection. Mind you I guess I would use "ymhel" for to have to do with, though, rather than to gather together. ("Paid ag ymhel a+ nhw, dydyn nhw ddim yn bobl capel" -- "You don't want anything to do with them, they're good for nothings".) There are some things that you can "hel" in an aimless way: "hel meddyliau" is to daydream. } collection - (n.) casgl [-ion, mf.], casgliad [-au, m.], crynhoad [crynoadau, m.] collector - (n.) casglwr [casglwyr, m.], casglydd [-ion, m.] college - (n.) athrofa [-+u, athrofeydd, f.], ban.gor [-au, mf.], clas [m.], coleg [-au, m.] { <B>Coleg</B> is the usual word for college. } collegian - (n.) colegwr [colegwyr, m.] collegiate - (adj.) athrofaol, colegol collide - (v.) gwrthdaro [gwrthdar-] collie - (n.) ci defaid collier - (n.) glowr [glowyr, m.], llong lo { <B>Llong lo</B> is the collier that is a ship. } colliery - (n.) glofa [glofeydd, f.], gwaith glo, pwll glo collision - (n.) gwrthdrawiad [-au, m.] colloquial - (adj.) llafar, ymddiddanol colon - (n.) colon [-au, m.], gorwahannod [gorwahanodau, m.] colonel - (n.) cyrnol [m.], milwriad [milwriaid, m.] colonist - (n.) gwladychwr [gwladychwyr, m.] colonize - (v.) gwladychu [gwladych-] colony - (n.) gwladfa [gwladfeydd, f.], gwladychfa [-oedd, f.], trefedigaeth [-au, f.] color (colour) - (n.) baner [-i, -au, f.], gne [m.], lliw [-iau, m.] { <B>Baner</B> is the color (colour) that a color (colour) guard carries. } change color (colour) - (v.) amliwio [amliwi-] color (colour) too highly - (v.) gorliwio [gorliwi-] of good color (colour) - (adj.) lliwgar twice the color (colour) of - (adj.) deune color (colour) - (v.) arlliwio [arlliwi-], cochi [coch-], coluro [colur-], lliwio [lliwi-] colored (coloured) - (adj.) lliwiog colorful (colourful) - (adj.) lliwgar colorless (colourless) - (adj.) afliwiog colossal - (adj.) anferth, cawraidd colporteur - (n.) Beibl-gludydd [-ion, m.] colt - (n.) ebol [-ion, m.] colter (coulter) - (n.) cwlltwr [cylltyrau, m.] column - (n.) colofn [-au, f.] comb - (n.) crib [-au, fm.], dil [-iau, m.] comb - (v.) cribo [crib-] combat - (n.) brwydr [-au, f.], cyfranc [cyfrangau, fm.], ornest [-au, f.] combat - (v.) brwydro [brwydr-], gwrthladd [gwrthladd-] combatant - (n.) brwydrwr [brwydrwyr, m.], ymladdwr [ymladdwyr, m.] combination - (n.) cyfuniad [-au, m.] combine - (v.) cyfuno [cyfun-] combustible - (adj.) hylosg combustion - (n.) llosgiad [-au, m.] come - (v.) dod (dyfod; dw+ad) [irreg.] { "Dod" is used in S. Wales and "dw+ad" in N. Wales. The literary version is "dyfod". } come for a walk - (v.) dod am dro comedian - (n.) digrifwr [digrifwyr, m.] comedy - (n.) comedi [-%au, fm.] comeliness - (n.) mireinder [m.] comely - (adj.) gla+n [gleni- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], golygus, gosgeiddig, hawddgar, mirain, prydweddol, teg [tec- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], telaid comer - (n.) dyfodiad [dyfodiaid, m.] comet - (n.) comed [-au, f.], seren gynffon comfort - (n.) cysur [-on, m.], diddanwch [m.] comfort - (v.) cysuro [cysur-], diddanu [diddan-] comfortable - (adj.) comfforddus, cyfforddus (cyffyrddus), cysurus, hwylus comforter - (n.) cysurwr [cysurwyr, m.], diddanwr [diddanwyr, m.], diddanydd [-ion, m.] comfortless - (adj.) anniddan, anniddos comic - (adj.) digrif (digrifol), ysmala coming - (adj.) dyfodol coming - (n.) dyfodiad [-au, m.] comma - (n.) coma [m.], rhagwahannod [-au, -ion, mf.] command - (n.) gorchymyn [gorchmynion, m.], llywodraeth [-au, f.], siars [f.] { <B>Gorchymyn</B> is the kind of command you give. } { <B>Llywodraeth</B> is the kind of command you take orders from. } command - (v.) erchi [arch-; 3.s. eirch], gorchymyn [gorchmynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, gorchmyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gorchymyn] { You "erchi i" a person. } { You "gorchymyn i" a person. } commandeer - (v.) atafael (atafaelu) [atafael-], meddiannu [meddiann- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, meddian- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] commandment - (n.) gorchymyn [gorchmynion, m.] commemorate - (v.) coffa/u [coff- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>], dathlu [dathl-] commence - (v.) dechrau [dechreu-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. dechrau] commend - (v.) canmol [canmol-], cymeradwyo [cymeradwy-] commendable - (adj.) clodwiw commendation - (n.) canmoliaeth [-au, f.] commendatory - (adj.) cymeradwyol commensurate - (adj.) cymesur, cymesurol comment - (n.) sylw [-adau, m.] comment - (v.) esbonio [esboni-], sylwi [sylw-] commentary - (n.) esboniad [-au, m.] commentator - (n.) esboniwr [esbonwyr, m.] commerce - (n.) masnach [-au, f.] have commerce with - (v.) ymgyfathrachu [ymgyfathrach-] commercial - (adj.) masnachol commination - (n.) bygythiad [-au, m.], cominasiwn [m.] commingle - (v.) cydgymysgu [cydgymysg-], cymysgu [cymysg-] commiserate - (v.) cyd-dosturio [cyd-dosturi-], cydofidio [cydofidi-], gresynu [gresyn-] { You "cyd-dosturio a+" a person. } { You "cydofidio a+" a person. } commission - (n.) comisiwn [m.], dirprwyaeth [-au, f.] commissioner - (n.) comisiynydd [-ion, m.], dirprwywr [dirprwywyr, m.] commit - (v.) cyflawni [cyflawn-], cyflwyno [cyflwyn-], cymynnu [cymynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cymyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], traddodi [traddod-] commit adultery - (v.) godinebu [godineb-] commit fornication - (v.) puteinio [puteini-] committal - (n.) cymyndod [m.] committee - (n.) pwyllgor [-au, m.] committee-man - (n.) pwyllgorwr [pwyllgorwyr, m.] commodious - (adj.) cyfleus, eang [ehang- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], helaeth commodity - (n.) nwydd [-au, m.], nwydd masnachol common - (adj.) cyd, cyffredin, sathredig common people - (n.) gwre+ng [coll. & m.] common sense - (n.) synnwyr cyffredin common - (n.) comin [m.], cytir [-oedd, m.], tir cyffredin commonness - (n.) cyffredinwch [m.] commons - (n.pl.) cyffredin commonwealth - (n.) cymanwlad [f.] commot - (n.) cwmwd [cymydau, m.] commotion - (n.) cyffro [-adau, -au, m.], cynnwrf [m.], mwstwr [mwstwyr, m.], terfysg [-oedd, m.], trybestod [m.] make commotion - (v.) tyrfo (tyrfu) [tyrf-] communal - (adj.) cymunol commune - (n.) ymddiddan [-ion, m.] commune - (v.) cymuno [cymun-] communicable - (adj.) cyfranogol communicant - (n.) cymunwr [cymunwyr, m.] communicate - (v.) cyfrannu [cyfrann- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cyfran- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], cymuno [cymun-] communion - (n.) cymdeithas [-au, f.], cymun (cymundeb) [m.] communism - (n.) comiwnyddiaeth [f.] communist - (adj.) comiwnyddol communist - (n.) comiwnydd [-ion, m.] community - (n.) cymdeithas [-au, f.], cymuned [-au, f.] monastic community - (n.) clas [m.] commute - (v.) cyfnewid [cyfnewidi-], newid [newidi-; 2.s.imp. newid] { <B>Cyfnewid</B> is commute in the sense of exchange. } { <B>Newid</B> is commute in the sense of exchange. } compact - (adj.) cryno compact disk - (n.) crynoddisg [-iau, f.] compact - (n.) cyfamod [-au, m.], cytundeb [-au, m.] compact - (v.) crynhoi [crynho- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>] { "Crynhoi" is accented on the last syllable, against the usual rule. } companion - (n.) cilydd [-ion, m.], cydymaith [cymdeithion, m.] companionship - (n.) cwmni%aeth [f.] company - (n.) cwmni [cwmni%au, cwmni%oedd, m.], cwmpeini (cwmpni) [m.], cymdeithas [-au, f.], cyweithas [m.] comparative - (adj.) cymharol compare - (v.) cyferbynnu [cyferbynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cyferbyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], cyffelybu [cyffelyb-], cymharu [cymhar-], cystadlu [cystadl-] comparison - (n.) cymhariaeth [cymariaethau, f.] compartment - (n.) adran [-nau, f.], rhan [-nau, f.] compass - (n.) compod [-au, m.], cwmpas [-oedd, -au, m.], cwmpawd [cwmpodau, m.], cylchedd [-au, m.] compass - (v.) amgylchu [amgylch-] compassion - (n.) tosturi [-aethau, m.], trugaredd [-au, fm.] compassionate - (adj.) tosturiol, trugarog compassionate - (v.) tosturio [tosturi-] { You "tosturio wrth" a person. } compatibility - (n.) cytunedd [m.] compatible - (adj.) cydweddol, cyson compatriot - (n.) cydwladwr (cyd-wladwr) [cydwladwyr, m.] compeer - (adj.) cydradd, cyfurdd compel - (v.) cymell [cymhell- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cymell- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. cymell], gorfodi [gorfod-] { You "gorfodi i" a person. } compendium - (n.) crynodeb [-au, m.], talfyriad [-au, m.] compensate - (v.) ad-dalu [ad-dal-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. ad-da+l], digolledu [digolled-], talu iawn compensation - (n.) ad-daledigaeth [-au, fm.], ad-daliad [-au, m.], iawn [m.], iawndal [m.] compete - (v.) cydymgeisio [cydymgeisi-], cystadlu [cystadl-] competent - (adj.) cymwys competition - (n.) cydymgais [cydymgeisiau, m.], cystadleuaeth [-au, f.] { <B>Cydymgais</B> is competition in the abstract. } competitive - (adj.) cydymgeisiol, cystadleuol competitor - (n.) cystadleuwr [cystadleuwyr, m.], cystadleuydd [-ion, m.] compile - (v.) casglu [casgl-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. casgl], cyfansoddi [cyfansodd-], cynnull [cynnull-] complacent - (adj.) digonol, hunan-foddhaus complain - (v.) achwyn [achwyn-], cwynfan (cwynfanu) [cwynfan-], cwyno (cwynfan; cwynofain) [cwyn-], grwgnach [grygn-] complainant - (n.) achwynwr [achwynwyr, m.], achwynyddes [-au, f.] complainer - (n.) achwynwr [achwynwyr, m.] complaining - (adj.) achwyn.gar complaint - (n.) achwyn [-ion, m.], achwyniad [-au, m.], anhwylder (anhwyldeb) [-au, m.], cwyn [-ion, -au, mf.] { <B>Anhwylder (anhwyldeb)</B> is specifically a complaint about health. } complaisant - (adj.) hynaws, moesgar complement - (n.) cyflawnder [m.], cyflenwad [-au, m.] complement - (v.) cyflawni [cyflawn-] complete - (adj.) crwn [f. cron; pl. crynion], cyflawn, cyman, llwyr complete - (v.) cwblhau [cwbl- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], cyfannu [cyfann- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cyfan- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], cyflawni [cyflawn-], gorffen [gorffenn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, gorffen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gorffen] completely - (adv.) o'r bron completeness - (n.) llwyredd [m.] complex - (adj.) cymhleth, dyrys complex - (n.) atalnwyd [-au, f.] { <B>Atalnwyd</B> is a "complex" in the psychological sense. } complexion - (n.) gwawr [f.], gwedd [-au, -iau, f.], pryd [m.] complexity - (n.) cymhlethdod [m.] complicate - (v.) cymhlethu [cymhleth-], drysu [drys-] complicated - (adj.) cymhleth complicity - (n.) cyfranogaeth [f.], cyfranogaeth mewn drwg compliment - (n.) canmoliaeth [-au, f.], cyfarchiad [-au, m.] { <B>Canmoliaeth</B> is a compliment that praises someone. } { <B>Cyfarchiad</B> is a compliment that is a greeting. } complimentary - (adj.) canmoliaethus comply - (v.) cydsynio [cydsyni-], ufuddhau [ufudd- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] comport - (v.) ymarweddu [ymarwedd-], ymddwyn [ymddyg-] compose - (v.) cyfansoddi [cyfansodd-], cysodi [cysod-], tawelu [tawel-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. tawela] { <B>Cyfansoddi</B> is compose when you're writing something. } { <B>Cysodi</B> is compose in the sense of laying out type. } { <B>Tawelu</B> is compose when you become or make quiet. } compose englynion - (v.) englyna (englynu) [englyn-] compose poetry - (v.) barddoni [barddon-], prydyddu [prydydd-] composed - (adj.) hunan-feddiannol composer - (n.) cyfansoddwr [cyfansoddwyr, m.] composer of ballads - (n.) baledwr [baledwyr, m.] composer of englynion - (n.) englynwr [englynwyr, m.] composer of interludes - (n.) anterliwtiwr [anterliwtwyr, m.] composite - (adj.) cyfansawdd composition - (n.) cyfansoddiad [-au, m.], cymysg [m.] { <B>Cyfansoddiad</B> is the kind of composition a person produces. } { <B>Cymysg</B> is the kind of composition that tells what something is made of. } compositor - (n.) cysodwr [cysodwyr, m.], cysodydd [-ion, m.] compost - (n.) compost [m.?], gwrtaith [m.] composure - (n.) hunan-feddiant [m.], tawelwch [m.] compound - (adj.) cyfansawdd compound interest - (n.) adlog [-au, m.] compound word - (n.) cyfansoddair [cyfansoddeiriau, m.] compound - (n.) cyfansawdd [cyfansoddion, m.], cymysg [m.] { <B>Cymysg</B> is a chemical compound. } compound - (v.) cymysgu [cymysg-] comprehend - (v.) amgyffred [amgyffred-], cynnwys [cynhwys- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cynwys- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], dirnad [dirnad-] { <B>Amgyffred</B> is comprehend when you contain something. } { <B>Cynnwys</B> is comprehend when you contain something. } { <B>Dirnad</B> is comprehend when you understand something. } comprehension - (n.) amgyffred [-ion, m.], amgyffrediad [m.], dirnadaeth [f.] { <B>Amgyffred</B> is comprehension in the sense of containment. } { <B>Dirnadaeth</B> is comprehension in the sense of understanding. } comprehensive - (adj.) cynhwysfawr compress - (v.) crynhoi [crynho- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>], cywasgu [cywasg-], gwasgu [gwasg-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gwasg] { "Crynhoi" is accented on the last syllable, against the usual rule. } compression - (n.) cywasgedd [m.] comprise - (v.) amgyffred [amgyffred-], cynnwys [cynhwys- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cynwys- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] compromise - (n.) cyfaddawd [-au, cyfaddodau, m.], cymrodedd [m.], cytundeb [-au, m.] compromise - (v.) cymrodeddu [cymrodedd-], peryglu [perygl-] { <B>Cymrodeddu</B> is compromise when you find common ground. } { <B>Peryglu</B> is compromise when you endanger yourself. } compulsion - (n.) gorfodaeth [f.] compulsory - (adj.) gorfodol compunction - (n.) dwysbigiad cydwybod, gofid [-iau, -ion, m.] computational - (adj.) cyfrifiadureg compute - (v.) cyfrif [cyfrif-] computer - (adj.) cyfrifiadurol computer literacy - (n.) llythrennedd cyfrifiadurol palm-top computer - (n.) pocediadur [-on, m.] related to computers - (adj.) cyfrifiadurol computer - (n.) cyfrifiadur [-on, m.] computing - (adj.) cyfrifiadeg comrade - (n.) cydymaith [cymdeithion, m.], cymrawd [cymrodyr, m.] concave - (adj.) cafnog (cafniog), cau conceal - (v.) celu [cel-], coluro [colur-], cuddio [cuddi-], dirgelu [dirgel-], golo [gol-] conceal a part - (v.) darn.guddio [darn.guddi-] conceal from - (v.) celu rhag concealed - (adj.) ce+l, cudd, cuddiedig concealment - (n.) argel [-ion, mf.], ce+l [m.], celc [mf.] concede - (v.) addef [addef-], caniata/u [caniat- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>] conceit - (n.) cyse+t [m.?], hunan-dyb [m.], hunanoldeb [m.], mympwy [-on, m.], tyb [-iau, mf.] conceited - (adj.) hunanol conceive - (v.) beichiogi [beichiog-], dirnad [dirnad-], synied (synio) [syni-], tybio (tybied) [tybi-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. tyb], ymddw+yn [ymddyg-] { <B>Beichiogi</B> is conceive when it refers to a baby. } { <B>Dirnad</B> is conceive when it refers to an idea. } { <B>Synied (synio)</B> is conceive when it refers to an idea. } { <B>Tybio (tybied)</B> is conceive when it refers to an idea. } { <B>Ymddw+yn</B> is conceive or bear when it refers to a baby. } { You "beichiogi ar" someone. } concentrate - (v.) canolbwyntio [canolbwynti-], crynhoi [crynho- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>] { "Crynhoi" is accented on the last syllable, against the usual rule. } conception - (n.) beichiogiad [m.], meddylrith [-iau, m.], syniad [-au, m.] { <B>Beichiogiad</B> is conception of a baby. } { <B>Meddylrith</B> is an abstract conception. } { <B>Syniad</B> is an abstract conception. } concern - (n.) busnes [-au, -ion, mf.], diddordeb [-au, m.], gofal [-on, m.], pryder [-on, m.] { <B>Busnes</B> is a business concern. } { <B>Diddordeb</B> is a business concern. } { <B>Gofal</B> is a concern you feel. } { <B>Pryder</B> is a concern you feel. } concern - (v.) bod a wnelo a+, perthyn [perthyn-] concerning - (prep.) parthed, ynghylch concert - (n.) cyngerdd [cyngherddau, cyngherddi, mf.] in concert - (adv.) ar y cyd concert - (v.) cyd-drefnu [cyd-drefn-] concession - (n.) caniata+d [m.], goddefiad [-au, m.] conciliate - (v.) cymodi [cymod-], heddychu [heddych-] concise - (adj.) byr [f. ber; pl. -ion; byrr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], cryno, cynhwysfawr conclave - (n.) cyfarfod dirgel conclude - (v.) barnu [barn-; 3.s. barn, beirn*; 2.s.imp. barn], casglu [casgl-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. casgl], dibennu [dibenn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, diben- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], diweddu [diwedd-], gorffen [gorffenn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, gorffen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gorffen] { <B>Barnu</B> is conclude meaning to arrive at a conclusion. } { <B>Casglu</B> is conclude meaning to arrive at a conclusion. } { <B>Dibennu</B> is conclude meaning come to an end. } { <B>Diweddu</B> is conclude meaning come to an end. } { <B>Gorffen</B> is conclude meaning come to an end. } conclusion - (n.) casgliad [-au, m.], clo [-eau, -eon, m.], diwedd [-au, m.], diweddglo [-eon, m.] { <B>Casgliad</B> is the kind of conclusion that you draw; it is the same word as a collection or gathering. } { <B>Clo</B> is a lock, so something that completes and closes, the close of a letter, the close of a speech, the bit at the end that sums it up and ties up loose ends, the signing off. } { <B>Diwedd</B> is a final end; the end of you life is your death, the end of a meal is when you get up from a table. The "diwedd" of a speech is where the "clo" ought to be. Every speech has a "diwedd", not every speech has a "clo". } { <B>Diweddglo</B>, the "clo" (lock) at the "diwedd" (end), that which completes and closes something. } conclusive - (adj.) terfynol concoct - (v.) dyfeisio [dyfeisi-], llunio [lluni-] concoction - (n.) cymysgedd [mf.] concomitant - (adj.) cyfredol concord - (n.) cydfod [-au, m.], cytgord [m.] concordance - (n.) mynegair [mynegeiriau, m.] concourse - (n.) torf [-eydd, -oedd, f.], tyrfa [-oedd, f.] concrete - (adj.) concrit, diriaethol concubine - (n.) cyffoden [-nod, f.], gordderch [-adon, m.] concupiscence - (n.) chwant [-au, m.], trachwant [-au, m.] concur - (v.) cyd-fynd (cyd-fyned) [cyd-- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.6. The mynd Endings (and the Verb mynd)">&mynd</A>], cydredeg [cydred-], cytuno [cytun-] concussion - (n.) cyd-drawiad [-au, m.], ysgytiad [-au, m.] condemn - (v.) collfarnu [collfarn-], condemnio [condemni-] condemnation - (n.) collfarn [-au, f.], condemniad [-au, m.], damnedigaeth [f.] condemnatory - (adj.) barnol condense - (v.) crynhoi [crynho- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>], tewychu [tewych-] { "Crynhoi" is accented on the last syllable, against the usual rule. } { <B>Crynhoi</B> is condense when you compact something. } { <B>Tewychu</B> is condense when you form condensation. } condescend - (v.) ymostwng [ymostyng-] condescension - (n.) iselfrydedd [m.] condign - (adj.) dyledus, haeddiannol, llym [f. llem; pl. -ion; llym- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>] condiment - (n.) cyffaith [cyffeithiau, m.] condition - (n.) amod [-au, mf.], ansawdd [ansoddau, mf.], cyflwr [cyflyrau, m.], teler [-au, m.] { <B>Amod</B> is a condition in the sense of a stipulation. } { <B>Ansawdd</B> is the condition that characterizes the state of something. } { <B>Cyflwr</B> is the condition that characterizes the state of something. } { <B>Teler</B> is a condition in the sense of a stipulation. } condition - (v.) cyflyru [cyflyr-] conditional - (adj.) amodol condole - (v.) cydofidio [cydofidi-], cydymdeimlo [cydymdeiml-] { You "cydofidio a+" a person. } condone - (v.) maddau [maddeu-], pasio heibio i { You cannot use a person as the direct object of "maddau"; a person is always an indirect object and is introduced with "i". Thus, you would "maddau pechod" (forgive a sin), but say "maddewch i mi" (forgive me). } conduce - (v.) arwain [arweini-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. arwain], tueddu [tuedd-] conduct - (n.) buchedd [-au, f.], ymarweddiad [-au, m.], ymddygiad [-au, m.] conduct oneself - (v.) ymarweddu [ymarwedd-] safe conduct - (n.) cwndid [m.] conduct - (v.) arwain [arweini-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. arwain], dwyn ymlaen, hebrwng [hebryng-] conductor - (n.) arweinydd [-ion, m.], hebryngydd [-ion, m.] conduit - (n.) cwndid [-au, m.], pibell ddw+r cone - (n.) co+n [m.?], cogwrn [cogyrnau, cegyrn, m.], cornet (corned) [-i, m.], pigwrn [pigyrnau, m.] confabulate - (v.) ymddiddan [ymddiddan- ?], ymgomio [ymgomi-] confabulation - (n.) anwiredd [-au, m.] confection - (n.) cyffaith [cyffeithiau, m.] confederate - (n.) cynghreiriad [cynghreiriaid, m.], cynghreiriwr [cynghreirwyr, m.] confederate - (v.) cydfwriadu [cydfwriad-], cynghreirio [cynghreiri-] confer - (v.) rhoi (rhoddi) [rhodd-, rho- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>; 1.s. rhof; 3.s. rhydd, rhy, dyry; 2.s. imp. rho, dyro; 3.s.pres. subj. rhotho], ymgynghori [ymgynghor-] { <B>Rhoi (rhoddi)</B> is confer in the sense of bestow. } { <B>Ymgynghori</B> is confer in the sense of consult. } { The literary form of "rhoi" is "rhoddi". } confer degree - (v.) urddo [urdd-] confer rank - (v.) urddo [urdd-] conference - (n.) cynhadledd [cynadleddau, f.] meet in conference - (v.) cynadledda [cynadledd-] conferring blessing - (adj.) bendithiol confess - (v.) addef [addef-], cyfaddef [cyfaddef-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. cyfaddef], cyffesu [cyffes-] confessed - (adj.) addefedig confession - (n.) addefiad [-au, m.], cyfaddefiad [-au, m.], cyffes [-ion, f.], cyffesiad [-au, m.] auricular confession - (n.) clustgyffes [f.] confessional - (n.) cyffesgell [-oedd, f.] confessor - (n.) cyffeswr [cyffeswyr, m.], cyffesydd [-ion, m.] confide - (v.) hyderu [hyder-], ymddiried [ymddiried-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. ymddiried] confidence - (n.) hyder [m.], ymddiried [m.], ymddiriedolaeth [f.] confident - (adj.) hyderus confidential - (adj.) cyfrinachol confine - (n.) cyffin [-iau, -ydd, fm.], goror [-au, m.] confine - (v.) adarwain [adarwein-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. adarwain], caethiwo [caethiw-], carcharu [carchar-], cyfyngu [cyfyng-] confined - (adj.) caeth [pl. -ion], caethiwus, cyfyng confining - (adj.) caethiwus confirm - (v.) ategu [ateg-], cadarnhau [cadarn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], conffirmio [conffirmi-], cyfnerthu [cyfnerth-], sicr.hau [sicr.- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] { "Sicr.hau" is accented on the final syllable, in contrast to the usual rule. } confirmation - (n.) ategiad [m.], conffirmasiwn [m.] confirming - (adj.) ategol confiscate - (v.) atafael (atafaelu) [atafael-], atafaelu [atafael-] confiscation - (n.) atafaeliad [m.] conflagration - (n.) goddaith [goddeithiau, f.], tanllwyth [-i, m.] conflict - (n.) cyfrysedd [-au, mf.], gwrthdrawiad [-au, m.], ymladdfa [ymladdfeydd, f.] { <B>Cyfrysedd</B> is conflict in the sense of a fight. } { <B>Gwrthdrawiad</B> is conflict in an abstract sense. } { <B>Ymladdfa</B> is conflict in the sense of a fight. } conflict - (v.) anghytuno [anghytun-], gwrthdaro [gwrthdar-] confluence - (n.) aber [-oedd, ebyr, mf.], cymer [-au, m.] conform - (v.) cydffurfio [cydffurfi-], cydymffurfio [cydymffurfi-] conforming - (adj.) cydffurfiol conformity - (n.) cydymffurfiad [-au, m.] confound - (v.) cymysgu [cymysg-], drysu [drys-], gwaradwyddo [gwaradwydd-] confront - (v.) wynebu (gwynebu) [wyneb-] confuse - (v.) cymysgu [cymysg-], drysu [drys-] confused - (adj.) cymysglyd, ffwndrus, pendraphen, rhwystrus be confused - (v.) drysu [drys-] become confused - (v.) ffwndro [ffyndr-] confusing - (adj.) dryslyd confusion - (n.) anhrefn [mf.], astrusi [m.], dryswch [m.], ffwndwr [m.], llanastr (llanast) [-au?, m.] confute - (v.) dymchwelyd (dymchwel) [dymchwel-], gwrthbrofi [gwrthbrof-] congeal - (v.) ceulo [ceul-], fferru [fferr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, ffer- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], rhewi [rhew-], tewychu [tewych-] congenial - (adj.) cydnaws, hynaws congenital - (adj.) cynhwynol, genedigol congeries - (n.) crug [-iau, m.], cruglwyth [-i, -au, m.], crugyn [crugiau, -nau, m.] congest - (v.) cronni [cronn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cron- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], gorlanw [gorlan-] conglomerate - (v.) dirwyn [dirwyn-], pentyrru [pentyrr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, pentyr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. pentwr] congratulate - (v.) llon.gyfarch [llon.gyfarch-] congratulation - (n.) llon.gyfarchiad [-au, llon.gyfarchion, m.] congregate - (v.) ymgynnull [ymgynnull-] congregation - (n.) cynulleidfa [-oedd, f.] congregational - (adj.) cynulleidfaol congress - (n.) cymanfa [-oedd, f.], cyngres [-au, -i, f.] conjecture - (n.) dychymyg [dychmygion, m.], dyfaliad [-au, m.], tyb [-iau, mf.] conjecture - (v.) dyfalu [dyfal-] conjugal - (adj.) cydweddog, priodasol conjugate - (v.) cydieuo [cydieu-], rhedeg [rhed-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. rhed], treiglo berf conjunction - (n.) cysylltair [cysyllteiriau, m.], cysylltiad [cysylltiaid, m.] conjure - (v.) aswyno [aswyn-], consurio [consuri-], tynghedu [tynghed-] conjurer - (n.) consuriwr [consurwyr, m.] conjuring - (n.) consuriaeth [f.] connect - (v.) cydio [cydi-], cysylltu [cysyllt-] connect to - (v.) cysylltu a+ connected - (adj.) cysylltiedig, cysylltiol connecting - (adj.) cysylltiol connection (connexion) - (n.) cyfundeb [-au, m.], cyswllt [cysylltiadau, cysylltau, m.], cysylltiad [-au, m.] in connection (connexion) - (adv.) yngly+n in connection (connexion) with - (prep.) yngly+n a+ connectional (connexional) - (adj.) cyfundebol connectivity - (n.) cysylltedd [m.] connive - (v.) cau llygaid rhag, goddef [goddef-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. goddef] connotation - (n.) cynodiad [-au, m.] connote - (v.) arwyddo [arwydd-], dynodi [dynod-] connubial - (adj.) cydweddog, priodasol conquer - (v.) concro [concr-], gorchfygu [gorchfyg-], goresgyn [goresgyn-], trechu [trech-] conqueror - (n.) concwerwr [concwerwyr, m.], gorchfygwr [gorchfygwyr, m.], goresgynnwr [goresgynnwyr, m.], goresgynnydd [-ion, m.] conquest - (n.) buddugoliaeth [-au, f.], concwest [-au, f.], goresgyniad [-au, m.] consanguinity - (n.) gwaedoliaeth [f.] conscience - (n.) cydwybod [-au, f.] conscientious - (adj.) cydwybodol conscious - (adj.) ymwybodol be conscious of - (v.) ymdeimlo [ymdeiml-] consciousness - (n.) ymwybyddiaeth [f.] conscription - (n.) gorfodaeth filwrol consecrate - (v.) cysegru [cysegr-] consecrated - (adj.) cysegredig [cysegredic- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>] consecration - (n.) cysegriad [-au, m.] consecutive - (adj.) olynol consent - (n.) bodd [m.], caniata+d [m.], cydsyniad [-au, m.], cytundeb [-au, m.] consent to - (v.) cydsynio a+, cytuno a+ consent - (v.) cydsynio [cydsyni-], cytuno [cytun-] consequence - (n.) canlyniad [-au, m.], pwys [-au, -i, m.] { <B>Canlyniad</B> is consequence in the sense of result. } { <B>Pwys</B> is consequence in the sense of importance. } consequent - (adj.) canlynol, dilynol conservancy - (n.) ceidwadaeth [f.] conservatism - (n.) ceidwadaeth [f.] Conservative - (n.) Ceidwadwr [Ceidwadwyr, m.] conservative - (adj.) ceidwadol, tori%aidd conservatory - (n.) ty+ gwydr conserve - (v.) amddiffyn [amddiffynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, amddiffyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. amddiffyn], cadw [cadw-; 3.s. ceidw; 2.s.imp. cadw], diogelu [diogel-] consider - (v.) cysidro [cysidr-], pwyllo [pwyll-], ystyried [ystyri-] considerable - (adj.) cryn considerate - (adj.) tosturiol, ystyriol consideration - (n.) atchwyl [-iau, m.], ystyriaeth [-au, f.] consign - (v.) traddodi [traddod-], trosglwyddo [trosglwydd-] consist - (v.) bod [irreg.], cynnwys [cynhwys- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cynwys- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] consistency - (n.) cysondeb [m.] consistent - (adj.) cyson consistory - (n.) llys eglwysig consociate - (n.) cymrodor [-ion, m.] consolation - (n.) cysur [-on, m.], diddanwch [m.], dyhuddiant [m.] console - (v.) cysuro [cysur-], diddanu [diddan-], dyhuddo [dyhudd-] consolidate - (v.) caledu [caled-], cyfnerthu [cyfnerth-], cyfuno [cyfun-] consonant - (adj.) cysain, cyson consonant - (n.) cytsain [cytseiniaid, f.] consonantal - (adj.) cytseiniol consort - (n.) cydwedd [-iaid, -ion, -au, mf.], cymar [cymheiriaid, m.] consort - (v.) cyfeillachu [cyfeillach-], cymdeithasu [cymdeithas-] conspicuous - (adj.) amlwg [amlyc- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], bannog conspiracy - (n.) brad [-au, m.], bradwriaeth [f.], cynllwyn [-ion, m.] conspirator - (n.) cynllwynwr [cynllwynwyr, m.] conspire - (v.) bradfwriadu [bradfwriad-], cynllwyn [cynllwyn-] constable - (n.) cwnstabl [-iaid, m.], heddgeidwad [heddgeidwaid, m.] constant - (adj.) cyson, dianwadal, gwastad Constantine - (prop.n.) Cystennin Constantinople - (prop.n.) Caergystennin constellation - (n.) cysawd [cysodau, m.], cytser [-au, m.] consternation - (n.) braw [-iau, m.], dychryn [-iadau, m.] constipate - (v.) rhwymo [rhwym-] constipated - (adj.) bolrwym constipation - (n.) rhwymedd [m.] constituency - (n.) cynrychiolaeth [f.], etholaeth [-au, f.] constituent - (adj.) cyfansoddol constituent - (n.) defnydd [-iau, m.], etholwr [etholwyr, m.] { <B>Defnydd</B> is the constituent that constitutes something. } { <B>Etholwr</B> is the constituent that elects someone. } constitute - (v.) cyfansoddi [cyfansodd-] constitution - (n.) cyfansoddiad [-au, m.], ffurflywodraeth [f.] constitutional - (adj.) cyfansoddiadol constrain - (v.) cymell [cymhell- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cymell- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. cymell], gorfodi [gorfod-] { You "gorfodi i" a person. } constrict - (v.) gwasgu [gwasg-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gwasg], tynhau [tyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] construct - (v.) adeiladu (adeiliadu) [adeilad-, adeiliad-], ffurfio [ffurfi-], llunio [lluni-], saerni%o [saerni%-] construct sentences - (v.) brawddegu [brawddeg-] construction - (n.) adeiladaeth [-au, f.], cystrawen [-nau, f.], saerni%aeth [f.] constructive - (adj.) adeiladol (adeiliadol) construe - (v.) cyfieithu [cyfieith-], dehongli [dehongl-] consul - (n.) consul [m.?], rhaglaw [-iaid, rhaglofiaid, m.], ynad [-on, m.] consult - (v.) ymgynghori [ymgynghor-] consultation - (n.) ymgynghoriad [-au, m.] consultee - (n.) ymgyngoredig [-ion, m.] consume - (v.) difa [dif-], nychu [nych-], treulio [treuli-], ysu [ys-] consuming - (adj.) difaol, ysol consummate - (adj.) cyflawn, perffaith consummate - (v.) cyflawni [cyflawn-], perffeithio [perffeithi-] consumption - (n.) darfodedigaeth [m.], traul [treuliau, f.] { <B>Darfodedigaeth</B> is the consumption treated with medicine. } { <B>Traul</B> is the kind of consumption that can be conspicuous. } contact - (n.) cyffyrddiad [-au, m.] contagion - (n.) haint [heintiau, mf.] contagious - (adj.) heintus contain - (v.) amgyffred [amgyffred-], cynnwys [cynhwys- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cynwys- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], dal (dala) [dali-; 3.s. dail, deil; 2.s.imp. dal] contaminate - (v.) halogi [halog-], heintio [heinti-], llygru [llygr-] { (perish} <B>Llygru</B> is perish when something rots. } contemplate - (v.) bwriadu [bwriad-], myfyrio [myfyri-], ystyried [ystyri-] { <B>Bwriadu</B> is contemplate in the sense of intend. } { <B>Myfyrio</B> is contemplate in the sense of meditate. } { <B>Ystyried</B> is contemplate in the sense of consider. } contemplative - (adj.) myfyrgar contemporary - (adj.) cyfoed, cyfoes, cyfoesol { <B>Cyfoed</B> means "of the same age" -- children in the same class are "cyfoed". } { <B>Cyfoes</B> means "from the same period", or sometimes "the same period as us", i.e., "modern". } be contemporary - (v.) cyfoesi [cyfoes-] contemporary - (n.) cyfoed [-ion, m.], cyfoeswr [cyfoeswyr, m.] contempt - (n.) dibristod [m.], dirmyg [m.], diystyrwch [m.] contemptible - (adj.) dirmygus, diystyr contemptuous - (adj.) atethol, dibris, dirmygus, diystyr, diystyrllyd, tremygus contend - (v.) amwyn [amwyn-], cynhennu [cynhenn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cynnen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], taeru [taer-], ymddadlau [ymddadleu-], ymrafael [ymrafael-], ymryson [ymryson-] contend with - (v.) ymryson a+ content - (adj.) bodlon (boddlon) be content - (v.) bodloni [bodlon-] content to - (adj.) bodlon o content - (n.) cyd-destun [m.] content - (v.) bodloni [bodlon-] contented - (adj.) diddig contention - (n.) anheddwch [m.], cynfyl [m.], cynnen [cynhennau, f.], ymrafael [-ion, m.], ymryson [-au, m.] bone of contention - (n.) asgwrn y gynnen contentious - (adj.) anghysonair, cynhennus, ymrafaelgar, ymryson.gar contentment - (n.) bodlonrwydd (boddlonrwydd) [m.], diddigrwydd [m.] contents - (n.) cynhwysiad [m.], cynnwys [cynhwysion, m.], cynnwys [m.] contest - (n.) cyfergyr [f.], cystadleuaeth [-au, f.], ornest [-au, f.], ymrysonfa [ymrysonfeydd, f.] contest - (v.) amau [amheu- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, ameu- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], ymladd [ymladd-], ymryson [ymryson-] context - (n.) cyd-destun [m.] contiguous - (adj.) cyfagos, cyffiniol continent - (adj.) cymedrol, diwair continent - (n.) cyfandir [-oedd, m.] continental - (adj.) cyfandirol contingency - (n.) damwain [damweiniau, f.], digwyddiad [-au, m.] contingent - (adj.) damweiniol contingent - (n.) mintai [minteioedd, f.] continual - (adj.) gwastad, gwastadol, par.haus continuance - (n.) par.had [m.] continuation - (n.) par.had [m.] continue - (v.) aros [ar.hos- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, aros- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. erys; 2.s.imp. aros], dal (dala) [dali-; 3.s. dail, deil; 2.s.imp. dal], par.hau (para) [par- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>; 3.s. pery, par.ha, para; 2.s.imp. para] { <B>Dal (dala)</B> has much the same meaning as "parhau": "Parhau i wneud" and "dal i wneud" (to continue to do) have identical meanings. On the other hand, you would not use "para" for "yn dal yma" (= "yn dal i fod yma") (is still here). } { <B>Par.hau (para)</B> is used by itself to mean "continue (in a right state)", "extend in time" that "dal" is not used, for example, "faint mae'r ddrama'n para?" (how long does the drama last) or "mae'r sgidiau yma'n para'n dda" (these shoes are lasting well). (endure) <B>Par.hau (para)</B> is endure both in the sense of to last and in the sense of to persevere. } continuous - (adj.) di-dor (didor), di-fwlch (difwlch), par.haol contort - (v.) dirdynnu [dirdynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, dirdyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], nydd-droi [nydd-dro- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>] contour - (n.) amlinell [-au, f.], tro [-eau, -eon, m.] contra- - (pfx.) croes-, gwrth- { "Croes" causes a soft mutation to the affixed stem. } { "Gwrth" causes a soft mutation to the affixed stem. } contraband - (adj.) gwaharddedig contract - (n.) cyfamod [-au, m.], cytundeb [-au, m.] contract - (v.) byr.hau [byr.- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], cyfamodi [cyfamod-], cytuno [cytun-] { <B>Byr.hau</B> means contract in the sense of shorten. } { <B>Cyfamodi</B> is to contract in the sense of to make an agreement. } { <B>Cytuno</B> is to contract in the sense of to make an agreement. } contraction - (n.) cywasgiad [-au, m.], talfyriad [-au, m.] contradict - (v.) gwrth-ddweud (gwrthddywedyd) [gwrth-ddweud-] contradiction - (n.) gwrthddywediad [-au, m.] contraflow - (n.) gwrthlif [f.] contrary - (adj.) croes, gwrthwyneb contrast - (n.) cyferbyniad [-au, m.], gwrthgyferbyniad [-au, m.] contrast - (v.) cyferbynnu [cyferbynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cyferbyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], gwrthgyferbynnu [gwrthgyferbynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, gwrthgyferbyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] contravene - (v.) torri [torr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, tor- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. tyr, tor; 2.s.imp. tor, torr], troseddu [trosedd-] contraversialist - (n.) dadleuwr [dadleuwyr, m.], dadleuydd [-ion, m.] contribute - (v.) cyfrannu [cyfrann- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cyfran- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] contributing - (adj.) cyfrannol contribution - (n.) cyfraniad [-au, m.] contributor - (n.) cyfrannwr [cyfrannwyr, m.] contrite - (adj.) cystuddiedig, drylliedig, drylliog, edifeirus (edifeiriol) contrive - (v.) dyfeisio [dyfeisi-], llwyddo [llwydd-], trefnu [trefn-] control - (n.) llywodraeth [-au, f.], rheolaeth [f.] control oneself - (v.) ymgynnal [ymgynhali-] control - (v.) llywodraethu [llywodraeth-], rheoli [rheol-] controller - (n.) rheolwr [rheolwyr, m.] controversial - (adj.) dadleuol controversy - (n.) dadl [-euon, -au, f.] controvert - (v.) dymchwelyd (dymchwel) [dymchwel-], gwrthbrofi [gwrthbrof-], gwrthddadlau [gwrthddadleu-] contumacious - (adj.) gwrthnysig contumely - (n.) anfri [m.], gwarth [m.], sar.had [-au, m.] contuse - (v.) cleisio [cleisi-] contusion - (n.) ysictod [m.] conundrum - (n.) dychymyg [dychmygion, m.], pos [-au, m.] convalesce - (v.) gwella [gwell-], hybu [hyb-], ymadfer [ymadfer-] convene - (v.) cynnull [cynnull-], galw [galw-; 3.s. geilw; 2.s.imp. galw], gwysio [gwysi-] { If you "call someone" on the phone, you "galw rhywun". "Galw yn" translates the use of "call" that's equivalent to "visit" (or in American "visit with" or "drip in on"), so you "galw yn" someone's house or "galw yn" the office (that is, a specified office). Sometimes, you can "galw ar" someone meaning to "galw yn" their house, but "ymweld a+" is more correct than "galw ar" in this sense. "Galw ar" is equivalent to the English "call upon (someone to do)": "galwaf ar fy nhgyd-Gymry i sefyll yn y bwlch" "I will call upon my fellow Welshmen to stand in the gap". } convenience - (n.) cyfleuster (cyfleustra) [cyfleusterau, m.], hwylustod [m.] convenient - (adj.) cyfaddas, cyfleus, gweddus, hwylus, hylaw, hyrwydd convent - (n.) cwfaint [cwfeintiau, mf.], lleiandy [lleiandai, m.], mynachdy [mynachdai, m.] conventicle - (n.) ty+ cwrdd convention - (n.) confensiwn [m.], cymanfa [-oedd, f.], cytundeb [-au, m.], defod [-au, f.] { <B>Confensiwn</B> is a convention that's just the way people do things. } { <B>Cymanfa</B> is a convention that is a group of people. } { <B>Cytundeb</B> is convention meaning an agreement. } { <B>Defod</B> is a convention that's just the way people do things. } conventional - (adj.) confensiynol converge - (v.) cydgyfeirio [cydgyfeiri-] conversant - (adj.) cyfarwydd, cynefin conversation - (n.) sgwrs [sgyrsiau, f.], ymarwar [m.], ymddiddan [-ion, m.], ymgom [-iau, -ion, f.] conversazione - (n.) ymgomwest [f.] converse - (adj.) cyferbyniol, gwrthwyneb converse - (n.) cyferbyniad [-au, m.], gwrthwyneb [m.] converse - (v.) ymddiddan [ymddiddan- ?], ymgomio [ymgomi-] conversion - (n.) dychweliad [-au, m.], tro [-eau, -eon, m.], troe%digaeth [-au, f.] convert - (adj.) dychweledig [pl. -ion] convert - (v.) am-droi (amdroi) [am-dro- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>; amdro- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>], dychwelyd [dychwel-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. dychwel], newid [newidi-; 2.s.imp. newid], troi [tro- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>; 3.s. try; 2.s.imp. tro], trosi [tros-] { <B>Trosi</B> is to convert a goal. } converted - (adj.) dychweledig [pl. -ion], troe%dig convex - (adj.) amgrwm [f. amgrom], argrwm (argrwn) [f. argrom], crwm [f. crom; crwm- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>] convey - (v.) cludo [clud-], cyfleu [cyfle-], cywain [cywain- ?], danfon [danfon-; 3.s. denfyn; 2.s.imp. danfon], hebrwng [hebryng-], trosglwyddo [trosglwydd-], trosi [tros-] { <B>Cludo</B> means to carry. } { <B>Cywain</B> is convey in the sense of carry. } { <B>Trosglwyddo</B> is convey when you convey a meaning. } { <B>Trosi</B> is convey when you convey a meaning. } convict - (n.) penydgarcharor [-ion, m.], troseddwr [troseddwyr, m.] convict - (v.) argyhoeddi [argyhoedd-], barnu'n euog { <B>Argyhoeddi</B> is convict in the sense of convince. } { <B>Barnu'n euog</B> is convict in the sense of finding guilty. } conviction - (n.) arddeliad [-au, m.], argyhoeddiad [-au, m.] convince - (v.) argyhoeddi [argyhoedd-], darbwyllo [darbwyll-] convincing - (adj.) argyhoeddiadol convivial - (adj.) llawen convocation - (n.) confocasiwn [m.] convoke - (v.) gwysio [gwysi-] convolution - (n.) dirwyniad [-au, m.], troelliad [-au, m.] convolvulus - (n.) cwlwm coed convoy - (n.) gosgordd [-ion, f.] convoy - (v.) hebrwng [hebryng-] convulse - (v.) dirdynnu [dirdynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, dirdyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], dirgrynu [dirgryn-] Conway - (prop.n.) Conwy coo - (v.) lleisio fel colomen cook - (n.) cog [-au, m.], cogydd [-ion, m.], cogyddes [-au, f.] cook - (v.) arlwyo [arlwy-], coginio [cogini-], digoni [digon-], gwneud bwyd cookery - (n.) coginiaeth [f.], cogyddiaeth [f.] cookie - (n.) cwci [-s, m.?] { <B>Cwci</B> is a cookie that a net browser stores on your machine. } cool - (adj.) claear, didaro, hunan-feddiannol, oer [oer- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], oeraidd, oerllyd { <B>Claear</B> is cool with respect to temperature. } { <B>Didaro</B> is cool with respect to interest. } { <B>Hunan-feddiannol</B> is cool with respect to composure. } { <B>Oer</B> is cool with respect to temperature. } { <B>Oeraidd</B> is cool with respect to temperament. } { <B>Oerllyd</B> is cool with respect to temperament. } cool - (v.) oeri [oer-], ymoeri [ymoer-] coolness - (n.) oerfelgarwch [m.] coop - (n.) cawell [cewyll, m.], cut ieir coop - (v.) cutio [cuti-] cooper - (n.) cowper [m.], cylchwr [cylchwyr, m.] co-operate - (v.) cydweithio [cydweithi-], cydweithredu [cydweithred-] co-operation - (n.) cydweithrediad [-au, m.] co-opt - (v.) cyfethol [cyfethol-] co-ordinate - (adj.) cyfurdd co-ordinate - (v.) cyfurddo [cyfurdd-] cop - (n.) co\b [-iau, mf.] cope - (n.) cochl [-au, mf.] cope - (v.) ymdaro a+ copious - (adj.) dibrin, helaeth copper - (n.) copr [m.], efydd [m.], efyddyn [-nau, m.], pair [peiriau, m.], pres [m.] copper money - (n.) arian cochion copse - (n.) prysglwyn [m.?] copse - (n.pl.) prysgwydd copula - (n.) cyplad [m.?] copulation - (n.) cyd [-iau, -au, m.] copy - (n.) adysgrif [-au, f.], copi [-%au, m.] copy - (v.) adysgrifio [adysgrifi-], copi%o [copi%-] copy-book - (n.) copi [-%au, m.] copyist - (n.) copi%wr [copi%wyr, m.] copyright - (n.) hawlfraint [hawlfreintiau, f.] coquette - (n.) coegen [-nod, f.], hoeden [-nau, -nod, f.], mursen [-nod, f.] coquette - (v.) mursennu [mursenn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, mursen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] coquettish - (adj.) hoedennaidd coracle - (n.) corwg (corwgl; cwrwg; cwrwgl) [corygau, coryglau, cwrygau, cwryglau, m.] coral - (n.) cwrel [-au, m.] cord - (n.) cord [-iau, m.], cortyn [-nau, m.], rhaff [-au, f.], rheffyn [-nau, m.], tennyn [tenynnau, m.] spinal cord - (n.) madruddyn y cefn umbilical cord - (n.) llinyn bogail cord - (v.) rheffynnu [rheffynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, rheffyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] cordial - (adj.) calonnog, o galon cordial - (n.) cordial [m.?], gwirod [-ydd, -au, m.] cordless phone - (n.) ffo+n symudol cordon - (n.) cadwyn [-i, -au, f.], rhes [-i, -au, f.] Cordovan leather - (n.) cordwal [m.] corduroy - (n.) melfare/d [m.], rib [m.?] cordwain - (n.) cordwal [m.] core - (n.) bywyn [-nau, m.], calon [-nau, f.], curn [-au, f.], curnen [-nau, f.], perfedd [-ion, m.] coriander - (n.) coriander [m.] Corinth - (prop.n.) Corinth cork - (n.) corc [m.], corcyn [cyrc, m.] cork - (v.) corcio [corci-], topio [topi-] cormorant - (n.) bilidowcar [m.], morfran [morfrain, f.], mulfran [mulfrain, f.] corn - (n.) corn [cyrn, m.], llafur [-iau, m.], y+d [ydau, m.] { <B>Corn</B> is the kind of corn you don't want on your foot. } { <B>Llafur</B> is the kind of corn you eat. } { <B>Y+d</B> is the kind of corn you eat. } ear of corn - (n.) tywysen [tywys, -nau, f.] heap of corn sheaves - (n.) beisgawn [-au, f.] mixed corn - (n.) amyd [m.], siprys [m.] { "Siprys" is corn mixed with oats and barley. } sheaf of corn - (n.) aberthged [f.] { "Aberthged" is specifically the sheaf of corn used in the Gorsedd ceremony. } corncrake - (n.) rhegen yr y+d (rhegen ryg) [f.] corner - (n.) bach [-au, mf.], bachell [-ion, -au, f.], ban [-nau, mf.], cil [-iau, -ion, m.], congl [-au, f.], cornel [-i, -au, mf.], ongl [-au, f.] corner - (v.) cornelu [cornel-] cornerstone - (n.) maen y gongl cornice - (n.) cornis [m.?] Cornish - (n.) Cernyweg [f.] Cornwall - (prop.n.) Cernyw coronation - (n.) coroni [m.], coroniad [-au, m.] coroner - (n.) crwner [-iaid, m.], trengholydd [-ion, m.] inquest of coroner - (n.) trengholiad [-au, m.] coronet - (n.) coronig [f.], talaith [taleithiau, f.] corporal - (adj.) corfforol, yn un corff corporate - (adj.) corfforaethol, corfforedig corporation - (n.) cest [-au, -iau, f.], corfforaeth [-au, f.] corporeal - (adj.) corfforol, materol corps - (n.) corfflu [-oedd, m.] corpse - (n.) abar [m.], celain [celanedd, celaneddau, f.], corff marw, dynin [m.] corpulent - (adj.) boliog, cestog, corffol, tew [pl. -ion] corpuscle - (n.) corffilyn [corffilod, m.] correct - (adj.) cywir [cywir- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>] correct - (v.) ceryddu [cerydd-], cywiro [cywir-] correction - (n.) cerydd [-on, m.], cywiriad [-au, m.] correctness - (n.) cywirdeb [m.] corrector - (n.) cywirwr [cywirwyr, m.], gwiriwr [gwirwyr, m.] correlate - (v.) cydberthnasu [cydberthnas-] correspond - (v.) cyfateb [cyfateb-; 3.s. cyfetyb, cyfateb; 2.s.imp. cyfateb], gohebu [goheb-], ymateb [ymateb-; 3.s. ymetyb, ymateb; 2.s.imp. ymateb], ymohebu [ymoheb-] { <B>Cyfateb</B> is correspond in the sense of agree. } { <B>Gohebu</B> is correspond like a reporter. } { <B>Ymohebu</B> is correspond like a reporter. } correspondence - (n.) cyfatebiaeth [-au, f.], gohebiaeth [f.] { <B>Cyfatebiaeth</B> is the kind of correspondence you draw between two things. } { <B>Gohebiaeth</B> is the kind of correspondence you have with your pen pal. } email correspondence - (n.) ehebiaeth [f.] correspondent - (n.) gohebydd [-wyr, -ion, m.] corresponding - (adj.) anghytrig, cyfatebol, gohebol corridor - (n.) llwybr [-au, m.], rhodfa [rhodfeydd, f.] corroborate - (v.) cadarnhau [cadarn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], cyfnerthu [cyfnerth-] corroboration - (n.) ategiad [m.] corroborative - (adj.) ategol corrode - (v.) bwyta [bwyt- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>; 3.s. bwyty; 2.s.imp. bwyta+], cancro [cancr-], rhydu [rhyd-], treulio [treuli-], ysu [ys-] corrosive - (adj.) ysol corrugate - (v.) crebachu [crebach-], crychu [crych-], rhychu [rhych-] corrupt - (adj.) braen, llwgr, llygredig, pwdr [pl. pydron] corrupt - (v.) llygru [llygr-] { (perish} <B>Llygru</B> is perish when something rots. } corrupter - (n.) llygrwr [llygrwyr, m.] corruptible - (adj.) llygradwy corruption - (n.) llwgr [m.], llygredigaeth [-au, f.], llygriad [-au, m.] corruptness - (n.) llygredd [m.] corset - (n.) staes [f.?] coruscate - (v.) fflachio [fflachi-], gwreichioni [gwreichion-] cosmonaut - (n.) gofodwr [gofodwyr, m.] cost - (n.) cost [-au, fm.], traul [treuliau, f.] cost - (v.) costio [costi-] costive - (adj.) bolrwym, rhwym costly - (adj.) costus, drud [pl. -ion], drudfawr, prid costume - (n.) gwisg [-oedd, f.] cosy - (adj.) clyd [f. cled], cysurus cot - (n.) bwth [bythod, m.], gwely bychan { <B>Bwth</B> is cot in the sense of cottage. } { <B>Gwely bychan</B> is the cot you sleep on. } coterie - (n.) clymblaid [clymbleidiau, f.], cyfrinfa [cyfrinfeydd, -oedd, -+u, f.] cottage - (n.) bwth [bythod, m.], bwthyn [bythynnod, m.], penty [pentai, m.], ty+ [tai, m.] cottager - (n.) bythynnwr [bythynnwyr, m.] cotton - (adj.) cotymaidd cotton - (n.) cotwm [cotymau, m.], edau [edafedd, f.] cottony - (adj.) cotymaidd cotyledon - (n.) had-deilen [f.] couch - (n.) glwth [glythau, m.], gorweddfa [-oedd, f.], gorweddfan [-nau, f.], gwa+l [-au, f.], lleithig [f.], tyle [-au, f.] couch - (v.) gorwedd [gorwedd-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gorwedd] cough - (n.) peswch [m.], pesychiad [-au, m.] whooping cough - (n.) pas [m.] cough - (v.) pesychu (peswch) [pesych-] council - (n.) cwnsel [-au, -oedd, -i, m.], cyngor [cynghorau, m.] privy council - (n.) cyfrin-gyngor [cyfrin-gynghorau, m.] councillor - (n.) cynghorwr [cynghorwyr, m.] counsel - (n.) cwnsel [-au, -oedd, -i, m.], cyngor [cynghorion, m.], dadleuydd [-ion, m.] { <B>Cyngor</B> is the counsel that is advice. } { <B>Dadleuydd</B> is the counsel you hire to represent you. } counsel - (v.) cynghori [cynghor-] counselee - (n.) ymgynghorai [ymgyngoreion, m.] counselor (counsellor) - (n.) cwnseler [-iaid, m.], cynghorwr [cynghorwyr, m.] count - (n.) cyfrif [-on, -au, m.], iarll [ieirll, m.] { <B>Cyfrif</B> is the count that has to do with numbers. } { <B>Iarll</B> is the count who marries a countess. } count - (v.) cyfrif [cyfrif-], rhifo [rhif-] countenance - (n.) cefnogaeth [f.], wynepryd [m.] { <B>Cefnogaeth</B> is the countenance that is outward support. } { <B>Wynepryd</B> is the countenance on your face. } countenance - (v.) cefnogi [cefnog-] counter - (n.) cownter [m.?] counter- - (pfx.) gwrth- { "Gwrth" causes a soft mutation to the affixed stem. } counteract - (v.) gwrthweithio [gwrthweithi-] counterfeit - (adj.) ffug, gau counterfeit - (v.) ffugio [ffugi-] counterfoil - (n.) gwrthddalen [f.?] countermand - (v.) gwrthorchymyn [gwrthorchmynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, gwrthorchmyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gwrthorchymyn] counterpane - (n.) cwilt gwely, cwrlid [-au, m.] counterpart - (n.) cymar [cymheiriaid, m.], rhan gyfatebol counterpoint - (n.) gwrthbwynt [-iau, m.] countersign - (v.) adarwyddo [adarwydd-] countervail - (v.) gwrthbwyso [gwrthbwys-], tycio yn erbyn countess - (n.) iarlles [-au, f.] counting - (n.) cyfrifiad [-au, m.] countless - (adj.) amnifer, di-rif countrified - (adj.) gwladaidd, gwledig country - (adj.) gwledig of a country - (adj.) gwladol open country - (n.) maestir [-oedd, m.] country - (n.) bro [-ydd, f.], gwlad [gwledydd, f.], pau [peuoedd, f.], peues [f.] countryman - (n.) gwladwr [gwladwyr, m.] county - (n.) sir [-oedd, f.], swydd [-au, -i, f.] coup - (n.) ergyd [-ion, f.], stro+c [f.], trawiad (tarawiad) [-au, m.] couple - (n.) cwpl [cyplau, m.] couple - (v.) cyplu [cypl-], cyplysu [cyplys-] couplet - (n.) cwpled [-i, -au, m.] coupling - (n.) cwplws [cyplysau, m.], cyd [-iau, -au, m.] coupon - (n.) cwpon [-au, m.] courage - (n.) dewrder [m.], glewdra (glewder) [m.], gwroldeb [m.] be of good courage - (v.) ymwroli [ymwrol-] courageous - (adj.) gwrol courier - (n.) cennad [cenhadau, cenhadon, f.] course - (n.) cerrynt [mf.], cwrs [cyrsiau, m.], gyrfa [-oedd, gyrfeydd, f.], hynt [-iau, -oedd, f.], rhawd [rhodau, f.], rhedfa [f.], treigl [-au, m.], ystod [-au, -ion, f.] { <B>Cerrynt</B> is the same word as the English (water, or electrical) "current" and so "course" only when this means a flow or a path. } { <B>Cwrs</B> is a borrowed word that has the technical meaning of an educational experience, or a course of treatment, or perhaps a running track or golf course. } { <B>Gyrfa</B> is the "course" is the sense of "race". } { <B>Hynt</B> is the sort of course that is one's life -- "holi hynt rhywun" is to "ask after" them, ask how the course of their life is going. } { <B>Ystod</B> is used primarily in the phrase "yn ystod" (during, in the course of). } in the course of - (prep.) yn ystod of course - (adv.) wrth gwrs put on a course - (v.) cynnal cwrs court - (n.) cwrt [cyrtiau, m.], cyntedd [-au, m.], llys [-oedd, m.] { <B>Cyntedd</B> is court in the sense of courtyard. } { <B>Llys</B> is the kind of court a judge sits in. } divorce court - (n.) ysgarlys [-oedd, m.] court - (v.) caru [car-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. ca+r], gwahodd (gwadd) [gwahodd-] { <B>Caru</B> is court when you're dating someone. } { <B>Gwahodd (gwadd)</B> is court when you court disaster. } courteous - (adj.) cwrtais, syberw courtesy - (n.) cwrteisi (cwrteisrwydd) [m.] courtier - (n.) gw+r llys, llyswr [llyswyr, m.] courtly - (adj.) llysaidd courtship - (n.) carwriaeth [-au, f.] courtyard - (n.) buarth [-au, m.], clos [-ydd, m.], cwrt [cyrtiau, m.], iard [ierdydd, f.] cousin, female - (n.) cyfnither [-oedd, f.] cousin, female second - (n.) cyfyrderes [-au, f.] cousin, first - (n.) cefnder [cefndyr, m.] cousin, second - (n.) cyfyrder [cyfyrdyr, m.] cove - (n.) cil [-iau, -ion, m.], cilfach [-au, f.] covenant - (n.) cyfamod [-au, m.] covenant - (v.) amodi [amod-], cyfamodi [cyfamod-] covenanted - (adj.) cyfamodol covenanter - (n.) cyfamodwr [cyfamodwyr, m.] cover - (n.) caead [-au, m.], clawr [cloriau, m.], cwfert [m.], gorchudd [-ion, m.], gwerchyr [m.] { <B>Caead</B> is the top of a tin or vessel. } cover - (v.) anhuddo [anhudd-], gorchuddio [gorchuddi-], gordoi [gordo- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>], hulio [huli-], toi [to- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>] { <B>Anhuddo</B> especially has the meaning of covering with fire. } covered - (adj.) anhuddol covering - (n.) achwre (achfre) [m.], amwisg [-oedd, f.], anhudded [m.], cnwd [cnydau, m.], gorchudd [-ion, m.], hugan [-au, f.] coverlet - (n.) cwilt [-iau, m.], cwrlid [-au, m.], cylched [-au, m.] coverlid - (n.) cwilt [-iau, m.], cwrlid [-au, m.] covert - (adj.) ce+l, cudd covert - (n.) dirgel [-ion, m.], lloches [-au, f.], prysglwyn [m.?] covet - (v.) chwanta (chwantu) [chwant-], chwenychu (chwennych) [chwenych-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. chwennych], trachwantu (trachwanta) [trachwant-] covetous - (adj.) trachwantus covetousness - (n.) trachwant [-au, m.] covey - (n.) haid [heidiau, f.], nythaid o betris cow - (n.) buwch [buchod, f.] afterbirth of a cow - (n.) brych [m.] barren cow - (n.) myswynog [-ydd, -au, f.] cow collar - (n.) aerwy [-au, -on, m.] cow - (v.) bygylu [bygyl-], torri ysbryd coward - (n.) adwr [m.], anwr [anwyr, m.], llwfrddyn [-ion, m.], llwfrgi [llwfrgwn, m.], llwfryn [m.] cowardice - (n.) llwfrdra [m.] cowardly - (adj.) anw+raidd, llwfr [f. llofr] Cowbridge - (prop.n.) Y Bont-faen cower - (v.) cyrcydu [cyrcyd-], yswatio [yswati-] cow-house - (n.) beudy [beudai, -au, m.], glowty [glowtai, m.] cow-house post - (n.) buddel (buddelw) [buddelwydd, mf.] cowl - (n.) cwcwll [cycyllau, m.], cwfl [cyflau, m.] cowled - (adj.) cycyllog co-worker - (n.) cydweithiwr [cydweithwyr, m.] cowpox - (n.) brech y fuwch cows - (n.pl.) gwartheg herd of cows - (n.) buches [-au, -i, f.] cowslip - (n.) briallu Mair coxcomb - (n.) coegddyn [-ion, m.], coegyn [-nod, m.], pefryn [m.], ysgogyn [m.] coxwain - (n.) llywydd cwch coy - (adj.) gwylaidd, yswil Coychurch - (prop.n.) Llan.grallo cozen - (v.) hocedu [hoced-], hudo [hud-], twyllo [twyll-] crab - (n.) cranc [-od, -iau, m.] crabapple - (n.) afal crabas, afal sur crabbed - (adj.) crebachlyd crack - (n.) clec [-iau, -s, f.], crac [-iau, m.] crack - (v.) agennu [agenn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, agen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], brolio [broli-], clecian [cleci-], cracio [craci-] cracked - (adj.) craciog crackle - (v.) clindarddach [clindardd-], crecian [creci-] crackling - (n.) clindarddach [m.] cradle - (n.) cadair fedi, cawell [cewyll, m.], crud [-au, m.] craft - (n.) celf [-au, f.], celfyddyd [-au, f.], crefft [-au, f.], cyfrwystra (cyfrwyster) [m.], dichell [-ion, f.], llestr [-i, m.], llong [-au, f.], ystryw [-iau, f.] { <B>Celf</B> is a craft that is an art form. } { <B>Celfyddyd</B> is a craft that is an art form. } { <B>Crefft</B> is a craft that is a handicraft. } { <B>Cyfrwystra (cyfrwyster)</B> is the kind of craft that is cunning or deceitful. } { <B>Dichell</B> is the kind of craft that is cunning or deceitful. } { <B>Llestr</B> is the kind of craft you ride in. } { <B>Llong</B> is the kind of craft you sail in. } smith's craft - (n.) gofaniaeth [f.] craftsman - (n.) crefftwr [crefftwyr, m.] crafty - (adj.) cyfrwys, dichellgar, diferiog, dyfeisgar, sgilgar, ystrywgar crag - (n.) clegr (clegyr) [-au, m.], clogwyn [-i, -au, m.], craig [creigiau, f.] craggy - (adj.) clogwynog, ysgithrog cram - (v.) gorlenwi [gorlenw-], saco [sac-], stwffio [stwffi-] cramp - (n.) cramp [m.?], creffyn [-nau, m.], cwlwm gwythi cramp - (v.) caethiwo [caethiw-], gwasgu [gwasg-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gwasg] crane - (n.) craen [-iau, m.], cre%yr [crehyrod, m.], crychydd [-ion, m.], garan [-od, mf.] crane - (v.) estyn gwddf cranium - (n.) pen.glog [-au, f.] cranny - (n.) agen [-nau, f.], agennig [m.], hollt [-au, mf.] crash - (n.) gwrthdrawiad [-au, m.], twrf [tyrfau, m.] crash - (v.) chwilfriwio [chwilfriwi-] crass - (adj.) dybryd, naff, praff [pl. preiffion; praff- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], tew [pl. -ion] { "Naff" is a slang term. } { <B>Dybryd</B> is crass with respect to behavior (behaviour). } { <B>Praff</B> is crass with respect to size. } { <B>Tew</B> is crass with respect to size. } crate - (n.) cawell llestri crater - (n.) cawg [-iau, m.], ceudod [m.], safn llosgfynydd { <B>Safn llosgfynydd</B> is specifically a volcano's crater. } cravat - (n.) cadach gwddf, crafat [m.?] crave - (v.) blysio [blysi-], chwenychu (chwennych) [chwenych-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. chwennych], crefu [cref-], deisyf (deisyfu) [deisyf-], ffrawddunio [ffrawdduni-], ymhw+edd [ymhwedd-] { You "crefu ar" a person. } craven - (adj.) llwfr [f. llofr] craven - (n.) llwfr [m.?] craving - (n.) blys [-iau, m.], chwant [-au, m.] crawl - (v.) cropian [cropi-], llusgo [llusg-], ymlusgo [ymlusg-] front crawl - (n.) nofio rhydd craze - (n.) chwilen [chwilod, f.], ysfa [ysfeydd, f.] creak - (n.) gwich [-iau, f.] creak - (v.) crecian [creci-], grillian (grillio) [grilli-], gwichian (gwichio) [gwichi-], rhincian [rhinci-] creaking - (adj.) gwichlyd cream - (adj.) melynwyn ice cream - (n.) hufen ia+ cream - (n.) hufen [m.] creamery - (n.) hufenfa [hufenfeydd, f.] creamy - (adj.) hufennaidd crease - (n.) o+l plygu, plyg [-ion, -iau, m.] crease - (v.) crychu [crych-] create - (v.) creu [cre-] not created - (adj.) digree%dig creation - (n.) cread [m.], creadigaeth [-au, f.] creative - (adj.) creadigol creativity - (n.) creadigedd [m.], creadigrwydd [m.] creator - (n.) cre%wr [crewyr, m.], creawdwr [creawdwyr, m.] creature - (n.) creadur [-iaid, m.], creadures [-au, f.] credence - (n.) coel [-ion, f.], cred [-au, f.], ffydd [f.] credential - (n.) credlythyr [-au, m.] credibility - (n.) hygoeledd [m.] credible - (adj.) credadwy, hygoel, hygred credit - (n.) clod [-ydd, mf.], coel [-ion, f.], cred [-au, f.], credyd [-au, m.] { <B>Clod</B> is the type of credit you get for a job well done. } { <B>Coel</B> is the type of credit you can use to buy things. } { <B>Cred</B> is the type of credit you can use to buy things. } { <B>Credyd</B> is the type of credit you get for a job well done. } on credit - (adv.) ar goel credit - (v.) coelio [coeli-] creditor - (n.) coeliwr [coelwyr, m.], echwynnwr [echwynnwyr, m.], gofynnwr [gofynnwyr, m.] credulity - (n.) hygoeledd [m.] credulous - (adj.) hygoel, hygoelus creed - (n.) credo [-au, mf.] creek - (n.) cilfach [-au, f.] creel - (n.) cryw [-iau, m.] creep - (v.) cripio [cripi-], cropian [cropi-], ymgripio [ymgripi-], ymlusgo [ymlusg-] cremate - (v.) amlosgi [amlosg-] crematorium - (n.) amlosgfa [amlosgfeydd, f.] crepe (crape) - (n.) cre+p [m.?] crescent - (adj.) cynyddol crescent - (n.) hanner lleuad cress - (n.pl.) berwr crest - (n.) arfau bonedd, copa [-+u, -on, m.], crib [-au, fm.], mwng [myngau, m.] { <B>Arfau bonedd</B> is a crest of arms. } { <B>Copa</B> is the crest that is the top of something. } { <B>Crib</B> is the crest that is the top of something. } { <B>Mwng</B> is the crest that some animals have on their tops. } crestfallen - (adj.) penisel crevice - (n.) agen [-nau, f.], hollt [-au, mf.], rhigol [-au, -ydd, f.] crew - (n.) ciwed [coll.f.], criw [-iau, m.], gwerin [-oedd, coll.f.], gwerin llong, haid [heidiau, f.] crewel - (n.) edau fain o wla+n crib - (n.) caban [-au, m.], gwely plentyn, preseb [-au, m.] { <B>Caban</B> is crib in the sense of booth. } { <B>Gwely plentyn</B> is the crib a baby sleeps in. } { <B>Preseb</B> is crib in the sense of stall. } crib - (v.) caethiwo [caethiw-] cricket - (n.) criced [m.], cricsyn [crics, m.] { <B>Criced</B> is the cricket that is a game. } { <B>Cricsyn</B> is the cricket that is an insect. } Crickhowell - (prop.n.) Crucywel crier - (n.) cri%wr [cri%wyr, m.] crime - (n.) anghyfraith [m.], caredd [-au, m.], trosedd [-au, mf.] criminal - (adj.) troseddol criminal - (n.) troseddwr [troseddwyr, m.] crimp - (v.) crebachu [crebach-], crimpio [crimpi-], crychu [crych-] crimson - (adj.) rhudd [pl. -ion], rhuddgoch [pl. -ion] crimson - (n.) rhuddgoch [m.?] cringe - (v.) creinio [creini-], cynffonna [cynffonn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cynffon- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], ffalsio [ffalsi-], ymgreinio [ymgreini-] cripple - (n.) cloff [-ion?, m.], efrydd [-ion, m.] cripple - (v.) cloffi [cloff-], efryddu [efrydd-], llesteirio (llestair) [llesteiri-], llyffetheirio [llyffetheiri-] crippled - (adj.) efrydd [pl. -ion] crisis - (n.) argyfwng [argyfyngau, argyfyngoedd, m.] crisp - (adj.) cras [pl. creision], crisbin, crych [f. crech], sychgola criterion - (n.) maen prawf, safon [-au, f.] critic - (n.) beirniad [beirniaid, m.] critical - (adj.) beirniadol, peryglus [perycl- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], pryderus { <B>Beirniadol</B> is critical as relates to a critic. } { <B>Peryglus</B> is critical in the sense of dangerous. } { <B>Pryderus</B> is critical in the sense of anxious. } criticism - (n.) beirniadaeth [-au, f.] criticize (criticise) - (v.) beirniadu [beirniad-] croak - (n.) crawc [-iau, f.] croak - (v.) ceintach [ceintach-], cogor [cogor-], crawcian (crawcio) [crawci-] croaker - (n.) ceintachwr [ceintachwyr, m.] crochet - (n.) crosiet [m.] crochet - (v.) crosio [crosi-] crock - (n.) ewach [-od, m.], llestr pridd, priddell [-au, -i, f.] { <B>Ewach</B> is an animal. } { <B>Llestr pridd</B> is an earthen dish. } { <B>Priddell</B> is an earthen dish. } crocodile - (n.) crocodil [-od?, m.?] croft - (n.) cadlas [cadlesydd, f.], crofft [-ydd, -au, f.], llain [lleiniau, f.], tyddyn [-nod, -nau, m.] cromlech - (n.) cromlech [-i, -au, f.] crony - (n.) cydymaith [cymdeithion, m.], cyfaill agos crook - (n.) bagl [-au, f.], crwca [m.], ffon fugail { <B>Bagl</B> is the kind of crook a shepherd carries. } crooked - (adj.) adw+yr [adwyr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], aniawn, anunion, cam [pl. ceimion], crwca, gw+yr, gwyrgam crookedness - (n.) camder (camdra) [m.], gwyrni [m.] croon - (v.) grwnan [grwnan- ?], mwmian canu crop - (n.) cnwd [cnydau, m.], crombil [-iau, f.], cynnyrch [cynhyrchion, m.], glasog [-au, f.] { <B>Cnwd</B> is the kind of crop you grow in the fields. } { <B>Crombil</B> is the kind of crop a bird has. } { <B>Cynnyrch</B> is the kind of crop you grow in the fields. } { <B>Glasog</B> is the kind of crop a bird has. } crop - (v.) cnydio [cnydi-], cwtogi [cwtog-], tocio [toci-], torri [torr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, tor- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. tyr, tor; 2.s.imp. tor, torr] crosier - (n.) bagl esgob cross - (adj.) croes, traws { <B>Croes</B> tends to mean across the direction of something else (like the cross-piece of a cross). A "croesbren" is one attached at right angles to a vertical post. "Yn groes i'r ffordd" is at right angles to the traffic on the road. "Yn groes i" can also mean "in the opposite direction to": "mynd yn groes i bawb arall" -- "going against the traffic". } { <B>Traws</B> tends to be something to do with "from one side to the other". A "trawsbren" goes from one wall to the other, across the gap. "Ar draws y ffordd" is over (to/on) the other side of the street. } cross oneself - (v.) ymgroesi [ymgroes-], ymswyno [ymswyn-] cross out - (v.) croesi allan cross - (n.) croes [-au, f.], croesbren [-nau, -ni, mf.], crog [-au, f.], crwys [-au, f.] cross - (v.) croesi [croes-] cross-cross - (adj.) croesymgroes cross-cross - (n.) cris-groes [f.] cross-examination - (n.) croesholiad [-au, m.] cross-examine - (v.) croesholi [croeshol-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. croeshawl] cross-eyed - (adj.) llygatgroes cross-grained - (adj.) afrywiog crossroad - (n.) croesffordd [croesffyrdd, f.] cross-saw - (n.) trawslif [f.] crossword - (n.) croesair [croeseiriau, m.] crotchet - (n.) cromfach [-au, f.], crosiet [m.], mympwy [-on, m.] crouch - (v.) cyrcydu [cyrcyd-], gwyro i lawr crouching - (adj.) ar gwrcwd croup - (n.) crw+p [m.?] crow - (n.) bra+n [brain, mf.], trosol haearn { <B>Bra+n</B> is the crow that is a black bird. } { <B>Trosol haearn</B> is the crow you pry with. } crow - (v.) canu [can-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. ca+n], canu fel ceiliog, ymffrostio [ymffrosti-] { <B>Canu fel ceiliog</B> is the crowing a rooster does. } { <B>Canu</B> is the crowing a rooster does. } { <B>Ymffrostio</B> is the crowing a braggart does. } crowbar - (n.) gwif [-iau, -ion, m.], trosol [-ion, m.] crowd - (n.) crwth [crythau, m.], torf [-eydd, -oedd, f.], twr [tyrrau, m.], tyrfa [-oedd, f.] crowd together - (v.) tyrru [tyrr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, tyr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. twr], ymdyrru [ymdyrr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, ymdyr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] crowd - (v.) heidio [heidi-], tyrru [tyrr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, tyr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. twr] crown - (n.) coron [-au, fm.], corun [-au, m.] { <B>Coron</B> is the kind of crown placed on a head to indicate royalty. } { <B>Corun</B> is the kind of crown Jack fell down and broke. } crown - (v.) coroni [coron-] crowned - (adj.) coronog crowner - (n.) crwner [-iaid, m.] crucial - (adj.) hanfodol, terfynol crucible - (n.) tawddlestr [-i, m.] crucifix - (n.) crog [-au, f.], crwys [-au, f.], delw Crist ar y groes crucifixion - (n.) croeshoeliad [m.] crucify - (v.) croeshoelio [croeshoeli-] crude - (adj.) amrwd, crai, cri, llymrig cruel - (adj.) addoer, adwythig, an.guriol (an.giriol), annhirion, annynol, anwar [anwar- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], anwaraidd, aruthr, creulon [creulon- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], dywal, en.giriol, milain cruelty - (n.) creulondeb [-au, m.] cruise - (n.) mordaith [mordeithiau, f.] cruise - (v.) morio [mori-] cruiser - (n.) gwiblong [-au, f.] crumb - (n.) briwsionyn (briwsyn) [briwsion, m.] crumb - (n.pl.) mwyd [-ion, -od, m.] crumble - (v.) briwsioni [briwsion-], malurio [maluri-] crumple - (v.) crychu [crych-], gwasgu [gwasg-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gwasg] crunch - (v.) cnoi yn drystiog, grillian (grillio) [grilli-], sathru yn drystiog crupper - (n.) crwper [m.], pedrain [pedreiniau, f.], pen o+l crusade - (n.) croesgad [-au, f.], rhyfel y groes crusader - (n.) croesgadwr [croesgadwyr, m.] crush - (n.) torf [-eydd, -oedd, f.], ymwasg [f.] crush - (v.) gwasgu [gwasg-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gwasg], llethu [lleth-], ysigo [ysig-] crust - (n.) cramen [-nau, f.], crawen [-nau, f.], crest [m.], crofen [-nau, -ni, f.], crwst [crystiau, m.], crystyn [crystiau, m.] crutch - (n.) bagl [-au, f.], baglan [f.], ffon fagl cry - (n.) cri [-au, f.], diasbad [-au, f.], disgyr [f.], dolef [-au, f.], gwaedd [-au, f.], llef [-au, -ydd, f.], na+d [nadau, f.] battle cry - (n.) rhyfelgri [-au, -oedd, m.] cry fie - (v.) wfftio [wffti-] cry out - (v.) dolefain [dolef-], nadu [nad-] war cry - (n.) rhyfelgri [-au, -oedd, m.] cry - (v.) crio [cri-], gweiddi (gwaeddi) [gweidd-, gwaedd-], llefain [llef-], wylo [wyl-] cryptic - (adj.) cyfrin, dirgel [dirgel- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>] crystal - (adj.) crisial, grisialaidd crystal - (n.) crisial [-au, m.], grisial [m.] crystalline - (adj.) grisialaidd crystallization (crystallisation) - (n.) crisialiad [m.] crystallize (crystallise) - (v.) crisialu [crisial-] cub - (n.) cenau [cenawon, m.] cube - (n.) ciwb [m.] cubicle - (n.) cuddygl [m.?] cubit - (n.) cufydd [-au, m.], cyfelin [-au, f.] cuckold - (n.) cwcwallt [-iaid, -od, m.] cuckold - (v.) cwcwalltu [cwcwallt-] cuckoo - (n.) cog [-au, f.], cwcw [-od, f.], gwirionyn [m.] { <B>Cog</B> is a bird. } { <B>Cwcw</B> is a bird. } { <B>Gwirionyn</B> is cuckoo as a simpleton. } cucumber - (n.) cucumer [-au, m.] cud - (n.) cil [-iau, -ion, m.] chew cud - (v.) cil-gnoi (cilgnoi) [cil-gno- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>, cilgno- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>] chew one's cud - (v.) atgnoi [atgno- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>] cuddle - (v.) anwesu [anwes-], anwylo [anwyl-], tolach [tol-] cudgel - (n.) ffon [ffyn, f.], pastwn [pastynau, m.] cudgel - (v.) ffonodio [ffonodi-], pastynu [pastyn-] cue - (n.) awgrym [-au, -iadau, m.], ciw [m.] cuff - (n.) cernod [-iau, f.], dyrnod [-iau, -au, mf.], torch llawes { <B>Cernod</B> is the kind of cuff that hurts when you receive one. } { <B>Dyrnod</B> is the kind of cuff that hurts when you receive one. } { <B>Torch llawes</B> is the kind of cuff a sleeve has. } cuff - (v.) cernodio [cernodi-], dyrnodio [dyrnodi-] cuirass - (n.) dwyfronneg [dwyfronegau, f.], llurig [-au, f.] culinary - (adj.) coginiol cull - (v.) dewis [dewis-], pigo [pig-] culminate - (v.) cyrraedd ei anterth culpable - (adj.) beius, camweddus culprit - (n.) drwgweithredwr [drwgweithredwyr, m.], troseddwr [troseddwyr, m.] cult - (n.) addoliad [-au, m.], cwlt [m.?] cultivate - (v.) amaethu [amaeth-], arail [arail-], diwyllio [diwylli-], gwrteithio [gwrteithi-], hwsmona [hwsmon-], meithrin [meithrin-], trin [trini-] cultivation - (n.) gwrteithiad [m.], hwsmonaeth [f.] cultivator - (n.) meithrinwr [meithrinwyr, m.], meithrinydd [-ion, m.] cultural - (adj.) diwylliadol culture - (n.) diwylliant [diwylliannau, m.], gwrtaith [m.], gwrteithiad [m.] culture - (v.) gwrteithio [gwrteithi-] cultured - (adj.) coeth, diwylliedig cumber - (v.) beichio [beichi-], llesteirio (llestair) [llesteiri-] cumbersome - (adj.) afrosgo, beichus cumin - (n.) cwmin [m.?] cunning - (adj.) cyfrwys, cywrain, dichellgar, dyfeisgar, ffel, sgilgar cunning and malicious - (adj.) dichellddrwg cunning - (n.) cyfrwystra (cyfrwyster) [m.], ffalster [m.], medr [-au, m.] cup - (n.) cwpan [-au, mf.], ffiol (phiol) [-au, f.], godard (godart) [-au, f.], gorflwch [gorflychau, m.] cup-bearer - (n.) menestr [m.] cupbearer - (n.) trulliad [trulliaid, m.] cupboard - (n.) cwpwrdd [cypyrddau, m.] cupful - (n.) cwpanaid (cwpaned) [cwpaneidiau, mf.] cupidity - (n.) gwanc am elw, trachwant [-au, m.] cur - (n.) corgi [corgwn, m.], costog [-ion, m.], taeog [-au, -ion, m.] { <B>Corgi</B> is a cur that is a dog. } { <B>Costog</B> is a cur that is a dog. } { <B>Taeog</B> is a human who acts like a cur. } curacy - (n.) curadiaeth [-au, f.] curate - (n.) curad [-iaid, m.] curate - (v.) curadu [curad-] curator - (n.) ceidwad [ceidwaid, m.], curadur [-on, m.] curb - (n.) atalfa [atalfeydd, f.], cwrbyn [-ion?, m.], genfa [genfa+u, genfeydd, f.], ymyl [-au, -on, mf.] curb - (v.) ffrwyno [ffrwyn-] curd - (n.) caul [ceulion, ceuliau, m.], caws [m.], ceuled [m.] curd - (v.) cawsio [cawsi-] curdle - (v.) cawsio [cawsi-], cawsu [caws-], ceulo [ceul-] curdled - (adj.) cawsiog, meiddlyd curds - (n.pl.) cawsion cure - (n.) gofal [-on, m.], iacha+d [m.], meddyginiaeth [-au, f.] { <B>Gofal</B> is cure in the old-fashioned sense of care. } { <B>Iacha+d</B> is the cure that refers to return to health. } { <B>Meddyginiaeth</B> is the cure that refers to the medicine. } cure - (v.) halltu [hallt-], iacha/u [iach- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>], meddyginiaethu [meddyginiaeth-] { <B>Halltu</B> is the curing that puts salt in something. } { <B>Iacha/u</B> is curing that restores to health. } { <B>Meddyginiaethu</B> is curing that restores to health. } curfew - (n.) dyhuddgloch [dyhuddglychau, dyhuddglych, f.], hwyrgloch [hwyrglychau, hwyrglych, f.] curiosity - (n.) chwilfrydedd [m.], cywreinbeth [-au, cywreinion, m.], cywreinrwydd [m.] { <B>Cywreinbeth</B> is a curiosity, i.e., something curious. } { <B>Cywreinrwydd</B> is the abstract concept of curiosity. } curious - (adj.) chwilfrydig, chwilgar, cywrain, holgar, hynod curl - (n.) cudyn [-nau, m.], cwrlyn [m.] curl - (v.) crychu [crych-], modrwyo [modrwy-] curlew - (n.) gylfinir [m.] curliness - (n.) crychni [m.] curly - (adj.) crych [f. crech], cyrliog curmudgeon - (n.) cerlyn [-ion?, m.], cybydd [-ion, m.], dyn.gaswr [dyn.gaswyr, m.], taeog [-au, -ion, m.] currant bread - (n.) bara brith currants - (n.pl.) cyrains (cyrans), grawn Corinth, rhyfon currency - (n.) arian breiniol current - (adj.) rhedegol current money - (n.) arian bath, arian treigl current - (n.) cerrynt [mf.], ffrwd [ffrydiau, f.], llif [-ogydd, m.] curriculum - (n.) cwriwcwlwm [m.], cwrs addysg, maes llafur currier - (n.) crwynwr [crwynwyr, m.] curry - (v.) cribo [crib-], trin lledr, ysgrafellu [ysgrafell-] curry-comb - (n.) ysgrafell [-od, -i, f.] curse - (n.) andras (andros) [-iaid, m.], melltith [-ion, f.], rheg [-au, rhegfeydd, f.] { <B>Melltith</B> is curse in the sense of hex. } { <B>Rheg</B> is curse in the sense of naughty words. } given to cursing - (adj.) rheglyd curse - (v.) melltithio [melltithi-], rhegi [rheg-] { <B>Melltithio</B> is curse in the sense of calling a curse upon someone. } { <B>Rhegi</B> is to say naughty words. } cursed - (adj.) melltigedig (melltigaid) cursor - (n.) cwrswr [cwrswyr, m.], rhedell [-au, f.] cursory - (adj.) brysiog, diofal curt - (adj.) byr [f. ber; pl. -ion; byrr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], cryno, cwta [f. cota], swta, sychgola curtail - (v.) cwtogi [cwtog-], prinhau [prin- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], talfyrru [talfyri-] curtain - (n.) llen [-ni, f.] curtsy - (n.) cyrtsi [f.?] curvature - (n.) camedd [m.] curve - (n.) cromlin [-iau, f.], tro [-eau, -eon, m.] { <B>Cromlin</B> is a curve as a mathematical object. } { <B>Tro</B> is a general curve, like you find on a road. } curve - (v.) camu [cam-], gwyro [gwyr-], troi [tro- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>; 3.s. try; 2.s.imp. tro] curved - (adj.) crwm [f. crom; crwm- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>] cushion - (n.) clustog [-au, fm.] custard - (n.) cwstard [m.] custodian - (n.) ceidwad [ceidwaid, m.] custody - (n.) cadwraeth [f.], dalfa [dalfeydd, f.], gwarchodaeth [f.] custom - (adj.) dewisol custom setting - (n.) gosodiad dewisol custom - (n.) arfer [-ion, mf.], arferiad [-au, m.], cwsmeriaeth [f.], cynefod [-au, f.], defod [-au, f.], toll [-au, f.] { <B>Arfer</B> is something one is accustomed to do. } { <B>Arferiad</B> is something one is accustomed to do. } { <B>Defod</B> is a custom that is a convention. } { <B>Toll</B> is the type of custom you pay when you enter a country. } customary - (adj.) arferol, gnawd customer - (n.) cwsmer [-iaid, m.] customs - (n.pl.) defion cut - (n.) archoll [-ion, mf.], briw [-iau, -ydd, m.], golwyth [-ion, m.], hac [-iau, m.], toriad [-au, m.] { <B>Golwyth</B> is a cut of meat. } cut up - (v.) darnio [darni-] cut - (v.) lladd [lladd-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. lladd], toli [tol-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. tawl], torri [torr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, tor- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. tyr, tor; 2.s.imp. tor, torr], trychu [trych-], ysgythru [ysgythr-] cutaneous - (adj.) croenol cute - (adj.) ciwt cuticle - (n.) croen [crwyn, m.], pilen [-nau, f.] cutler - (n.) cyllellwr [cyllellwyr, m.] cutlet - (n.) golwyth [-ion, m.] cutter - (n.) torrwr [torrwyr, m.] cutting - (adj.) crafog, miniog cutting - (n.) trychiad [-au, m.] cwm - (n.) cwm [cymau, cymoedd, m.] cyberspace - (n.) rhithofod [m.] cycle - (n.) cylch [-au, -oedd, m.], olwyn [-ion, f.] cycle - (v.) olwyno [olwyn-] cyclone - (n.) trowynt [-oedd, m.] cyclotron - (n.) troellwr [troellwyr, m.] cygnet - (n.) alarchen [f.], cyw alarch cylinder - (n.) rho+l [rholiau, f.], silindr [-au, m.] cymbal - (n.) symbal [-au, m.] cynghanedd, form - (v.) cynganeddu [cynganedd-] cynghanedd, in - (adj.) cynganeddol cynic - (n.) gwawdiwr [gwawdwyr, m.], sinig [m.] cynical - (adj.) gwawdlyd </PRE><H2><A NAME="D">D</A></H2> <PRE> dab - (n.) dab [m.?] dab - (v.) dabio [dabi-], dwbio [dwbi-] dabble - (v.) dablo [dabl-], diblo [dibl-], slotian [sloti-], yslotian [ysloti-] dad - (n.) dada [m.], tad [-au, m.], tada [m.], tyta [m.] dada - (n.) dada [m.], tad [-au, m.], tada [m.], tyta [m.] daddy - (n.) dada [m.], tad [-au, m.], tada [m.], tyta [m.] daffodil - (n.) cenhinen Bedr daft - (adj.) gwirion [pl. -iaid; gwirion- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], hurt dagger - (n.) bidog [-au, mf.], dagr [-au, m.] daily - (adj.) beunyddiol, dyddiol daily - (adv.) beunydd dainty - (adj.) amheuthun, danteithiol, del, dillyn dainty - (n.) amheuthun [-ion, m.], danteithfwyd [danteithion, m.] dairy - (n.) bwtri [m.], llaethdy [llaethdai, m.] daisy - (n.) llygad y dydd dale - (n.) bro [-ydd, f.], cwm [cymau, cymoedd, m.], do+l [dolydd, dolau, doliau, f.], dyffryn [-noedd, m.], glyn [-noedd, m.] { <B>Cwm</B> is actually an English word, which Webster's helpfully defines as "cirque"; Webster's defines "cirque" as "a deep steep-walled basin on a mountain shaped like half a bowl". A "cwm" is something in the mountains, it has a distinct "pen" or "blaen" where it is closed; I have no sense of its being broad and lush. Cwm Pennant is a valley that ends at the ridge by Rhyd Ddu in the middle of Snowdonia and you wouldn't try to grow much more than sheep in it, even though it is broad. } { <B>Dyffryn</B> is low land, meadows, that sort of thing, probably extending both ways from where you are. A "dyffryn" tends to be broad and lush. Dyffryn Clwyd is a "dyffryn"; it is a broad river valley in which the principal stock is cattle. } dalliance - (n.) maldod [m.] dally - (v.) cellwair [cellweir- ?], pencawna [pencawn-], swmera [swmer-], ymdroi [ymdro- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>] { <B>Cellwair</B> is dally in the sense of trifle. } { <B>Pencawna</B> is dally in the sense of trifle. } { <B>Swmera</B> is dally in the sense of loiter. } { <B>Ymdroi</B> is dally in the sense of loiter. } dam - (n.) argae [-au, m.], cored [-au, f.], cronfa [cronfeydd, f.], mamog [-iaid, -ion, f.] { <B>Argae</B> is the dam that holds back waters. } { <B>Cored</B> is the dam that holds back waters. } { <B>Cronfa</B> is the dam that holds back waters. } { <B>Mamog</B> is the dam that gives birth to baby animals. } dam - (v.) arga/u [arg- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>], cronni [cronn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cron- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] damage - (n.) amhariad [m.], difrod [-iau, m.], niwed [niweidiau, m.] damage - (v.) amharu [amhar-], niweidio [niweidi-] { You "amharu ar" something. } } dame - (n.) arglwyddes [-au, f.], gwraig [gwragedd, f.], meistres [-i, f.] { The word <A HREF="sounds/gwraig.au">'gwraig'</A> has only one <A HREF="./Glossary.html#syllable">syllable</A>. } damn - (v.) cyfrgolli [cyfrgoll-], damnio [damni-] damnation - (n.) damnedigaeth [f.] damnatory - (adj.) damniol damning - (adj.) damniol damp - (adj.) gwlybyrog, llaith [pl. lleithion] damp - (n.) lleithder (lleithdra) [m.] damp - (v.) lleitho [lleith-] damsel - (n.) herlodes (lodes) [-i, f.], llances [-i, -au, f.], morwyn [morynion, f.] dance - (n.) dawns [-iau, f.] dance - (v.) dawnsio [dawnsi-], llemain [llem- ?] dancer - (n.) dawnsiwr [dawnswyr, m.] dandelion - (n.) dant y llew dandruff - (n.) cen [m.], mardon [m.?] dandy - (n.) coegyn [-nod, m.], dandi [m.?] danger - (n.) enbydrwydd [m.], perygl (peryg) [-on, m.] dangerous - (adj.) enbyd (enbydus), peryglus [perycl- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>] dangle - (v.) hongian [hongi-], siglo [sigl-] { <B>Hongian</B> is dangle as an <A HREF="./Glossary.html#intransitive verb">intransitive verb</A>. } { <B>Siglo</B> is dangle as a <A HREF="./Glossary.html#transitive verb">transitive verb</A>. } dapper - (adj.) del, heini, sionc, twt dapple - (v.) britho [brith-], ysmotio [ysmoti-] dare - (v.) anturio [anturi-], beiddio [beiddi-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. baidd], herfeiddio [herfeiddi-], herio (herian) [heri-], meiddio [meiddi-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. maidd], osio [osi-], rhyfygu [rhyfyg-] daring - (adj.) beiddgar, glew [pl. -ion], herfeiddiol, mentrus daring - (n.) beiddgarwch [m.] dark - (adj.) cethin, tywyll [f. tywell] dark blue - (adj.) gwrm dark - (n.) nos [-au, nosweithiau, f.], tywyllwch [m.] { <B>Nos</B> probably always means "night". } darken - (v.) caddugo [caddug-], tywyllu [tywyll-] darkness - (n.) caddug [m.], gwyll [-ion, m.], tywyllwch [m.] gross darkness - (n.) fagddu [f.] darling - (adj.) annwyl [anwyl- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>] darling - (n.) anwylyd [anwyliaid, mf.], cariad [-au, -on, mf.] darn - (v.) brodio [brodi-], cyweirio [cyweiri-], trwsio [trwsi-] dart - (n.) picell [-au, f.], saeth [-au, f.] dart - (v.) gwanu [gwan-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gwa+n], picio [pici-], saethu [saeth-] dash - (n.) llinell [-au, f.], rhuthr [-au, m.], ystremp [-iau, f.] { <B>Llinell</B> is the dash that is a piece of punctuation. } { <B>Rhuthr</B> is the dash that means you are moving quickly. } dash - (v.) chwalu [chwal-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. chwa+l], chwilfriwio [chwilfriwi-], rhuthro [rhuthr-] { <B>Chwalu</B> is dash when you dash something into pieces. } { <B>Chwilfriwio</B> is dash when you dash something into pieces. } { <B>Rhuthro</B> is dash when you run quickly. } dastard - (n.) llwfryn [m.] data - (n.) data [m.] database - (n.) cronfa ddata, databas [-au, m.] relational database - (n.) cronfa ddata berthynol date - (n.) amseriad [-au, m.], dyddiad [-au, m.] have a date - (v.) cadw oed date - (v.) amseru [amser-], cadw oed, dyddio [dyddi- {only 3.s. forms exist}] dating - (n.) amseriad [-au, m.] daub - (v.) dwbio [dwbi-], iro [ir-] daughter - (n.) merch [-ed, f.] daughter-in-law - (n.) gwaudd [f.], merch-yng-nghyfraith [merched-yng-nghyfraith, f.] daunt - (v.) dantio [danti-], digalonni [digalonn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, digalon- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], llwfr.hau [llwfr.- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] David - (prop.n.) Dafydd (Dewi) David's, St. - (prop.n.) Mynyw, Tyddewi dawdle - (v.) swmera [swmer-], ymdroi [ymdro- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>] dawn - (n.) cyfddydd [-iau, m.], cynddydd [m.], gwawr [f.], plygain [plygeiniau, m.] dawn - (v.) dyddhau [dydd- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], dyddio [dyddi- {only 3.s. forms exist}], gwawrio [gwawri-] dawning - (adj.) plygeiniol day - (n.) diwrnod [-au, -iau, m.], dwthwn [m.], dydd [-iau, m.] { <B>Diwrnod</B> is especially used for "day" in the sense of 24 hours. } { <B>Dydd</B> is largely the kind of "day" that is not night. The days of the week all use "dydd": "Dydd Llun" (Monday). } become day - (v.) dyddhau [dydd- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], dyddio [dyddi- {only 3.s. forms exist}] certain day - (n.) dyddgwaith [m.] day before yesterday - (adv.) echdoe day before yesterday - (n.) echdoe [m.] ember day - (n.) catgor [-iau, -au, m.] every day - (adv.) beunydd every day - (n.) diwetydd (diwedydd) [m.] feast day - (n.) dygwyl [m.] first day of month - (n.) calan [m.] New Year's Day - (n.) y Calan next day - (adv.) drannoeth, trannoeth the Ancient of Days - (n.) yr hen Ddihenydd three days - (n.pl.) tridiau three days later - (adv.) tradwy two days - (n.) deuddydd [-iau, m.] two days later - (adv.) trennydd daybreak - (n.) boreddydd [-iau, m.], cyfddydd [-iau, m.], cynddydd [m.], gwawr [f.] daydream - (v.) hel meddyliau daysman - (n.) dyddiwr [dyddwyr, m.] daze - (v.) dallu [dall-], pensyfrdanu [pensyfrdan-], syfrdanu [syfrdan-], synnu [synn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, syn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. synn] { <B>Dallu</B> is daze in the sense of dazzle. } { <B>Syfrdanu</B> is daze in the sense of amaze. } { <B>Synnu</B> is daze in the sense of amaze. } dazed - (adj.) pensyfrdan, syfrdan dazzle - (v.) britho [brith-], dallu [dall-], disgleirio [disgleiri-], pelydru [pelydr-] { <B>Dallu</B> is dazzle as a <A HREF="./Glossary.html#transitive verb">transitive verb</A>. } { <B>Disgleirio</B> is an intransitive dazzle. } { <B>Pelydru</B> is dazzle as an <A HREF="./Glossary.html#intransitive verb">intransitive verb</A>. } dazzling - (adj.) disglair, llachar de- - (pfx.) an- (a-; af-) { "An (a-; af-)" causes a nasal mutation to the affixed stem. } deacon - (n.) blaenor [-iaid, m.], diacon [-iaid, m.] deaconess - (n.) diacones [f.] deaconly - (adj.) diaconaidd deacons' pew - (n.) se+t fawr dead - (adj.) difywyd, marw [pl. meirw, meirwon] dead body - (n.) celain [celanedd, celaneddau, f.] Dead Sea - (prop.n.) Y Mo+r Marw half dead - (adj.) adfyw mourn for the dead - (v.) arwylo [arwyl-] dead - (adv.) hollol dead - (n.) marw [meirw, meirwon, m.] deaden - (v.) marweiddio [marweiddi-], marwhau [marw- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] deadlock - (n.) clo marw deadly - (adj.) angheuol, marwol [pl. -ion] deadness - (n.) marweidd-dra [m.] deaf - (adj.) byddar [pl. byddair] deaf person - (n.) byddar [-iaid, byddair, m.] profoundly deaf - (adj.) cwbl byddar, hollol byddar deafen - (v.) byddaru [byddar-] deafening - (adj.) byddarol deafness - (n.) byddardod [m.] deal - (n.) <A HREF="./Lesson05.html#llawer">llawer</A> [-oedd, m.], trafodaeth [-au, f.] { <B>Llawer</B> is deal as in "a great deal of trouble".} { <B>Trafodaeth</B> is a deal you make with a business partner. } deal with - (v.) ymdrin [ymdrini-] deal - (v.) delio [deli-], trin [trini-], ymwneud (ymwneuthur) [ymwn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.6. The mynd Endings (and the Verb mynd)">&mynd</A>; ymwnel- {only (1.s. & 2.s. & p.)pres. ind. forms exist}; 3.s. ymwnel] dealer - (n.) masnachwr [masnachwyr, m.] cattle dealer - (n.) porthmon [porthmyn, m.] dean - (n.) deon [-iaid, m.] deanery - (n.) deondy [deondai, m.], deoniaeth [-au, f.] dear - (adj.) annwyl [anwyl- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], cariadus, cu, drud [pl. -ion], hoff, mwyn [mwyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], prid { <B>Annwyl</B> means "beloved", so that "He is dear to me" is "mae o'n annwyl i mi". The salutation is "annwyl gyfaill" (dear friend) so it is always "annwyl" at the top of a letter. } { <B>Cu</B> is the kind of dear of whom you are fond. } { <B>Drud</B> is dear in the sense of costly. } { <B>Hoff</B> is the kind of dear of whom you are fond. } { <B>Mwyn</B>, when translated as "dear", would be closer to "(dear because) endearing". } dear to - (adj.) annwyl gan, annwyl i O dear me! - (interj.) O'r annwyl! dear - (n.) anwylyd [anwyliaid, mf.], cariad [-au, -on, mf.] dearness - (n.) anwyldeb [m.] dearth - (n.) drudaniaeth [f.], prinder (prindra) [m.] death - (n.) addoed [m.], adwedd [m.], angau [angheuoedd, mf.], dihenydd [dienyddiadau, m.], llaith [m.], marwolaeth [-au, f.], tranc [m.], trancedigaeth [f.] put to death - (v.) dienyddio [dienyddi-] death-rattle - (n.) rhoch [fm.], rhwnc [m.] debar - (v.) atal [atali-; 3.s. etyl, eteil*; 2.s.imp. atal], cau allan, lluddio (lluddias) [lluddi-] debase - (v.) darostwng [darostyng-], iselhau (iselu) [isel- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>, isel-], llygru [llygr-] { (perish} <B>Llygru</B> is perish when something rots. } debased language - (n.) bratiaith [f.] debate - (n.) dadl [-euon, -au, f.] debate about - (v.) dadlau am debate with - (v.) dadlau a+ debate - (v.) dadlau [dadleu-], ymryson [ymryson-] debater - (n.) dadleuwr [dadleuwyr, m.], dadleuydd [-ion, m.] debauch - (n.) cyfeddach [-au, f.] debauch - (v.) llygru [llygr-], treisio [treisi-] { (perish} <B>Llygru</B> is perish when something rots. } { <B>Llygru</B> is debauch when you do it yourself. } { <B>Treisio</B> is debauch when you do it to someone else. } debility - (n.) gwendid [-au, m.], llesgedd [m.], musgrellni [m.] debit - (n.) dyled [-ion, f.] debit - (v.) codi ar, dyledu [dyled-] debris - (n.) llutrod [m.], ysbwriel (ysbwrial) [m.] debris - (n.pl.) malurion, mwnws debt - (n.) dyled [-ion, f.] in debt - (adj.) dyledog debtor - (n.) dyledwr [dyledwyr, m.] decadence - (n.) adfeiliad (adfeiliant) [m.], dirywiad [m.] decalogue - (n.) y deg gorchymyn decamp - (v.) cilio [cili-], dianc (diengyd; dihengyd) [dihang- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, diang- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. dianc], ffoi [ffo- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>; 3.s. ffy; 2.s.imp. ffo] decapitate - (v.) torfynyglu [torfynygl-], torri pen decay - (n.) adfeiliad (adfeiliant) [m.], dadfeiliad [m.] decay - (v.) adfeilio [adfeili-], dadfeilio [dadfeili-], edwi (edwino) [edw-, edwin-] decayed - (adj.) adfeiliedig, amharus, methiannus decayed stump - (n.) celffaint [celffeiniau, m.] decease - (n.) marwolaeth [-au, f.], tranc [m.], trancedigaeth [f.], ymadawiad [m.] decease - (v.) marw [def.], trengi [treng-] { (perish} <B>Trengi</B> is perish when something dies. } deceased - (adj.) trancedig, ymadawedig deceit - (n.) anghywirdeb [-au, m.], dichell [-ion, f.], ffalsedd [m.], hoced [-ion, f.], som [-au, f.], twyll [m.] deceitful - (adj.) ffals [pl. ffeilsion], twyllodrus deceitfulness - (n.) ffalster [m.] deceive - (v.) hocedu [hoced-], siomi [siom-], twyllo [twyll-] deceiver - (n.) twyllwr [twyllwyr, m.] deceleration - (n.) arafiad [-au, m.] December - (n.) Rhagfyr [m.] decency - (n.) gweddeidd-dra [m.], gwedduster (gweddustra) [m.] decent - (adj.) chwaethus, gweddaidd, gweddus, syber deception - (n.) dichell [-ion, f.], ffug [-ion, m.], twyll [m.] decide - (v.) penderfynu [penderfyn-] decimal - (adj.) degol decimal - (n.) degol [-ion, m.] decimate - (v.) degymu [degym-] decipher - (v.) dadrys [dadrys-], darllen [darllen-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. darllen], dehongli [dehongl-] decision - (n.) dyfarniad [-au, m.], penderfyniad [-au, m.] decisive - (adj.) pendant, penderfynol deck - (n.) bwrdd llong, dec [m.?] deck - (v.) addurno [addurn-], pincio [pinci-], trwsio [trwsi-] declaration - (n.) datganiad [-au, m.], mynegiad [-au, m.] declarative - (adj.) mynegol declare - (v.) cyhoeddi [cyhoedd-], datgan [datgan-], datganu [datgan-], mynegi [myneg-], traethu [traeth-] decline - (n.) dadfeiliad [m.], darfodedigaeth [m.] { <B>Dadfeiliad</B> is the decline that leads to ruin. } decline - (v.) dadfeilio [dadfeili-], gwrthod [gwrthod-; 3.s. gwrthyd; 2.s.imp. gwrthod], treiglo [treigl-] { <B>Dadfeilio</B> is decline when you fall to ruin. } { <B>Gwrthod</B> is decline when you turn down a deal. } { <B>Treiglo</B> is decline, devolve, or inflect in the grammatical sense. } declining - (adj.) llethrog declivity - (n.) disgynfa [disgynfeydd, f.], goriwaered [m.], llethr [-au, -i, f.] decoct - (v.) berweddu [berwedd-], toddi [todd-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. tawdd], trwytho [trwyth-] decoction - (n.) trwyth [-i, -au, m.] decollate - (v.) decoladu [decolad-] decompose - (v.) braenu [braen-], dadelfennu [dadelfenn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, dadelfen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], pydru [pydr-] { <B>Braenu</B> is decompose when you rot. } { <B>Dadelfennu</B> is decompose when you break a problem into parts. } { <B>Pydru</B> is decompose when you rot. } decorate - (v.) addurno [addurn-], arwisgo [arwisg-] decorative - (adj.) addurnol decorator - (n.) addurnwr [addurnwyr, m.] decorous - (adj.) gweddaidd, gweddus decorum - (n.) gweddeidd-dra [m.], gwedduster (gweddustra) [m.] decoy - (n.) hud [-ion, m.], magl [-au, f.] decoy - (v.) hudo [hud-], llithio [llithi-] decrease - (n.) lleihad [m.] on the decrease - (adj.) ar drai decrease - (v.) gostwng [gostyng-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gostwng], lleihau [llei- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] decree - (n.) act [-au, f.], arfaeth [-au, f.], gorchymyn [gorchmynion, m.] decree - (v.) gorchymyn [gorchmynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, gorchmyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gorchymyn], lluniaethu [lluniaeth-] { You "gorchymyn i" a person. } decrepit - (adj.) llegach, llesg, methedig [pl. -ion], musgrell decrepit one - (n.) cleiriach [m.] decriminalize - (v.) dad-droseddoli [dad-droseddol-] decry - (v.) difri%o [difri%-], goganu [gogan-] dedicate - (v.) cyflwyno [cyflwyn-], cysegru [cysegr-] dedication - (n.) cyflwyniad [-au, m.] deduce - (v.) casglu [casgl-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. casgl], diddwytho [diddwyth-], tynnu [tynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, tyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. tyn, tynn; 2.s.imp. tyn] deduct - (v.) toli [tol-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. tawl], tolli [toll-], tynnu ymaith deduction - (n.) diddwythiad [-au, m.] Dee - (prop.n.) Dyfrdwy deed - (n.) gweithred [-oedd, f.] deem - (v.) barnu [barn-; 3.s. barn, beirn*; 2.s.imp. barn], meddwl [meddyli-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. meddwl], ystyried [ystyri-] deep - (adj.) dwfn [f. dofn; pl. dyfn, dyfnion; dyfn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], dwys [pl. -ion] deep sleep - (n.) trwmgwsg [m.] drink deeply - (v.) drachtio [drachti-] deep - (n.) dwfn [m.?], dyfnder [-au, -oedd, m.], gorddyfnder [-au, m.] deepen - (v.) dwysa/u [dwys- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>], dyfnhau [dyfn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], trymhau [trym- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] deepness - (n.) dyfndra [m.] deer - (n.) carw [ceirw, m.], danas [m.] deface - (v.) anurddo [anurdd-], difwyno [difwyn-], hagru [hagr-] defalcate - (v.) celcio [celci-], darn.guddio [darn.guddi-], lladrata [lladrata-] defamation - (n.) gogan [f.] defame - (v.) athrodi [athrod-], difenwi [difenw-], difri%o [difri%-], goganu [gogan-], pardduo [parddu-] default - (adj.) diofyn default - (n.) diffyg [-ion, m.], gwall [-au, m.], meth [-ion, m.], pall [m.] defeat - (n.) gorchfygiad [-au, m.] defeat - (v.) gorchfygu [gorchfyg-] defect - (n.) anaf [-au, m.], anafdod [m.], anghaffael [m.], bai [beiau, m.], coll [-iadau, m.], diffyg [-ion, m.], ffaeledd [-au, m.], gwall [-au, m.], nam [-au, m.], rhemp [f.] defective - (adj.) diffygiol defence - (n.) amddiffyn [m.?], amddiffyniad [m.], pill [-ion, m.] defend - (v.) amddiffyn [amddiffynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, amddiffyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. amddiffyn], amwyn [amwyn-] defend from - (v.) amddiffyn rhag defendant - (n.) diffynnydd [diffynyddion, m.], diffynnyddes [-au, f.] defender - (n.) amddiffynnwr [amddiffynnwyr, m.], amddiffynnydd [-ion, m.] defer - (v.) gohirio [gohiri-], gwrogi [gwrog-], oedi [oed-], parchu [parch-; 3.s. peirch*], ymostwng [ymostyng-] { <B>Gohirio</B> is defer when you postpone something. } { <B>Gwrogi</B> is defer when you submit to someone. } { <B>Oedi</B> is defer when you postpone something. } { <B>Parchu</B> is defer when you submit to someone. } { <B>Ymostwng</B> is defer when you submit to someone. } defiance - (n.) her [-iau, f.], herfeiddiad [m.] defiant - (adj.) herfeiddiol deficient - (adj.) diffygiol, prin [pl. -ion; prin- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], yn eisiau deficit - (n.) diffyg [-ion, m.] attention deficit disorder - (n.) anhwylder diffyg canolbwyntio defile - (n.) bwlch [bylchau, m.], ceunant [ceunentydd, m.], culffordd [culffyrdd, f.] defile - (v.) anharddu [anhardd-], difwyno [difwyn-], halogi [halog-] defiled - (adj.) halog (halogedig) defilement - (n.) halogrwydd [m.] defiler - (n.) halogwr [halogwyr, m.] define - (v.) darnodi [darnod-], diffinio [diffini-], penderfynu [penderfyn-] { <B>Darnodi</B> is define when you explain something clearly. } { <B>Diffinio</B> is define when you explain something clearly. } { <B>Penderfynu</B> is define when you determine the boundary of something. } definite - (adj.) pendant, penodol definite article - (n.) bannod [banodau, f.] definition - (n.) darnodiad [-au, m.], diffiniad [-au, m.], eglurdeb (eglurder) [m.] { <B>Eglurdeb (eglurder)</B> is the kind of definition a television has. } deflect - (v.) gwyro [gwyr-], osgoi [osgo-] { "Osgoi" is accented on the final syllable, in contrast to the normal rule. } deforest - (v.) datfforestu [datfforest-] deform - (v.) aflunieiddio [aflunieiddi-], aflunio [afluni-], anffurfio [anffurfi-], gwrthuno [gwrthun-], hagru [hagr-] deformed - (adj.) afluniaidd, anffurfiol deformity - (n.) anffurfiad [-au, m.] defraud - (v.) hocedu [hoced-], twyllo [twyll-], ysbeilio [ysbeili-] defray - (v.) talu treuliau deft - (adj.) deheuig, hylaw, medrus defunct - (adj.) marw [pl. meirw, meirwon], trancedig defy - (v.) beiddio [beiddi-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. baidd], herfeiddio [herfeiddi-], herio (herian) [heri-] degenerate - (adj.) dirywiedig degenerate - (v.) dirywio [dirywi-] degeneration - (n.) dirywiad [m.] degrade - (v.) difreinio [difreini-], diraddio [diraddi-], iselhau (iselu) [isel- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>, isel-] degraded - (adj.) llygredig degrading - (adj.) diraddiol degree - (n.) gradd [-au, f.] confer degree - (v.) urddo [urdd-] degree of kinship - (n.) ach [-au, -oedd, f.] of high degree - (adj.) uchelradd deify - (v.) dwyfoli [dwyfol-] deign - (v.) teilyngu [teilyng-], ymostwng [ymostyng-] deity - (n.) duw [-iau, m.], duwdod [m.], dwyfoldeb [m.] { <B>Duw</B> is Deity. } { <B>Duwdod</B> is the abstract concept of deity. } { <B>Dwyfoldeb</B> is the abstract concept of deity. } deject - (v.) digalonni [digalonn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, digalon- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], llwfr.hau [llwfr.- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] dejected - (adj.) digalon become dejected - (v.) anhyfrydu [anhyfryd-] dejection - (n.) digalondid [m.] delapidate - (v.) adfeilio [adfeili-], malurio [maluri-] delay - (n.) atreg [m.], oediad [-au, m.] without delay - (adj.) di-oed (dioed) without delay - (adv.) diannod, yn syth, yn union delay - (v.) addoedi [addoed-], gohirio [gohiri-], oedi [oed-] delectable - (adj.) hyfryd [hyfryt- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], hyfrydlon delegate - (n.) anfonog [-ion, m.], cynrychiolwr [cynrychiolwyr, m.], cynrychiolydd [-ion, m.], dirprwy [-on, m.] delegate - (v.) dirprwyo [dirprwy-] delete - (v.) dileu [dile-] deleterious - (adj.) niweidiol deletion - (n.) dilead [m.] deliberate - (adj.) bwriadol, hamddenol, pwyllog deliberate - (v.) ystyried yn bwyllog deliberation - (n.) arafeiddiwch [m.] delicacies - (n.pl.) danteithion delicacy - (n.) amheuthun [-ion, m.], lledneisrwydd [m.], sew [-ion, m.] delicate - (adj.) cain [pl. ceinion; cein- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], cynnil, gwanllyd (gwannaidd), llednais, manw+aidd, tyner { <B>Cain</B> is delicate in the sense of intricate. } { <B>Gwanllyd (gwannaidd)</B> is delicate in the sense of easily destroyed. } { <B>Llednais</B> is delicate in the sense of modest. } { <B>Manw+aidd</B> is delicate in the sense of intricate. } { <B>Tyner</B> is delicate in the sense of gentle. } delicious - (adj.) blasus, danteithiol, pe+r delight - (n.) hoffter [-au, m.], hyfrydwch [m.], menwyd [m.] delight oneself - (v.) ymhyfrydu [ymhyfryd-] take delight - (v.) ymhoffi [ymhoff-] delight - (v.) difyrru [difyrr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, difyr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], hyfrydu [hyfryd-], ymddigrifo [ymddigrif-] delightful - (adj.) <A HREF="./Lesson04.html#braf">braf</A>, hyfryd [hyfryt- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>] { The <A HREF="./Glossary.html#adjective">adjective</A> "braf" is not mutated after "yn" as most adjectives are. } delights - (n.pl.) mwynder [-au, m.] delimit - (v.) gosod terfynau delineate - (v.) darlunio [darluni-], portreadu [portread-] delinquency - (n.) bai [beiau, m.], trosedd [-au, mf.] delirium - (n.) gwallgofrwydd [m.], syfrdandod [m.] deliver - (v.) danfon [danfon-; 3.s. denfyn; 2.s.imp. danfon], gwaredu (gwared) [gwared-; 3.s. gwared, gweryd*; 2.s.imp. gwared], traddodi [traddod-] { <B>Danfon</B> is deliver in the sense of escort. } { <B>Gwaredu (gwared)</B> is deliver in the sense of save. } { <B>Traddodi</B> is deliver in the sense of consign. } deliverance - (n.) gwaredigaeth [-au, f.], ymwared [m.] deliverer - (n.) traddodwr [traddodwyr, m.] delivery - (n.) danfoniad [m.], traddodiad [-au, m.] dell - (n.) ceunant [ceunentydd, m.], cwm [cymau, cymoedd, m.], glyn [-noedd, m.], pant [-iau, m.] delude - (v.) hocedu [hoced-], hudo [hud-], llithio [llithi-], twyllo [twyll-] deluge - (n.) cenllif [m.], dilyw (diluw) [-iau, m.], dylif [m.] deluge - (v.) gorlifo [gorlif-] delusion - (n.) cyfeiliornad [-au, m.], lledrith [m.], twyll [m.] { <B>Lledrith</B> is delusion in the sense of magic. } delve - (v.) chwilio [chwili-], cloddio [cloddi-], palu [pal-], turio [turi-] demand - (n.) galw [m.], galwad [-au, mf.], gofyn [-ion, m.], hawl [-iau, holion, f.] { <B>Galwad</B> is a demand, as in "this is our demand". } { <B>Gofyn</B> is a need or requirement, as in "this is what is demanded." If there is "no demand for it, sir", the indefinite abstraction, it could be either "gofyn" or "galwad". } demand - (v.) erchi [arch-; 3.s. eirch], gofyn [gofynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, gofyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gofyn], hawlio [hawli-], mynnu [mynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, myn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. myn] { To ask a question, you "gofyn cwestiwn". To ask a person, you "gofyn i berson". To ask a person a question, you "gofyn i berson am gwestiwn". } { You "erchi i" a person. } demarcation - (n.) ffin [-iau, f.], gosodiad terfynau demean - (v.) ymddwyn [ymddyg-] demeanor (demeanour) - (n.) ymddygiad [-au, m.] demented - (adj.) gorffwyll, gwallgof demerit - (n.) anhaeddiant [m.] demesne - (n.) bro [-ydd, f.], tiriogaeth [-au, f.], treftadaeth [f.] Demetia - (prop.n.) Dyfed demi- - (adj.) hanner demise - (n.) marwolaeth [-au, f.], trosglwyddiad [m.] democracy - (n.) democratiaeth [f.], gwerin [-oedd, coll.f.], gweriniaeth [-au, f.] democrat - (n.) gweriniaethwr [gweriniaethwyr, m.], gwerinwr [gwerinwyr, m.], gwerinydd [-ion, m.] demolish - (v.) chwalu [chwal-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. chwa+l], distrywio [distrywi-], dymchwelyd (dymchwel) [dymchwel-] demon - (n.) cythraul [cythreuliaid, m.], ysbryd drwg demonstrate - (v.) arddan.gos (arddangos) [arddan.gos-; 3.s. ardden.gys; 2.s.imp. arddan.gos], profi [prof-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. prawf] demonstration - (n.) arddan.gosfa (arddangosfa) [arddan.gosfeydd, arddangosfeydd, f.], arddan.gosiad (arddangosiad) [-au, m.], eglur.had [m.] demonstrator - (n.) arddan.goswr (arddangoswr) [arddan.goswyr, m.] demoralize - (v.) anfoesoli [anfoesol-], anwroli [anwrol-], llygru [llygr-] { (perish} <B>Llygru</B> is perish when something rots. } { <B>Anfoesoli</B> is demoralize when you remove someone's morals. } { <B>Anwroli</B> is demoralize when you make someone a coward. } { <B>Llygru</B> is demoralize when you remove someone's morals. } demur - (v.) codi gwrthwynebiad, petruso [petrus-] demure - (adj.) mursennaidd, swil { <B>Mursennaidd</B> is demure in the sense of prudish. } { <B>Swil</B> is demure in the sense of shy. } den - (n.) ffau [ffeuau, f.], gwa+l [-au, f.], lloches [-au, f.] Denby - (prop.n.) Dinbych denial - (n.) gwad [-nau, m.], gwadiad [-au, m.], gwrthodiad [m.], naca+d [m.], ymwadiad [m.] { <B>Gwad</B> is denial when you disavow someone. } { <B>Gwrthodiad</B> is denial when you refuse something. } { <B>Naca+d</B> is denial when you refuse something. } denier - (n.) gwadwr [gwadwyr, m.] denizen - (n.) dinesydd [dinasyddion, m.], preswylydd [-ion, preswylwyr, m.] denominate - (v.) cyfenwi [cyfenw-], enwi [enw-], galw [galw-; 3.s. geilw; 2.s.imp. galw] { If you "call someone" on the phone, you "galw rhywun". "Galw yn" translates the use of "call" that's equivalent to "visit" (or in American "visit with" or "drip in on"), so you "galw yn" someone's house or "galw yn" the office (that is, a specified office). Sometimes, you can "galw ar" someone meaning to "galw yn" their house, but "ymweld a+" is more correct than "galw ar" in this sense. "Galw ar" is equivalent to the English "call upon (someone to do)": "galwaf ar fy nhgyd-Gymry i sefyll yn y bwlch" "I will call upon my fellow Welshmen to stand in the gap". } denomination - (n.) enw [-au, m.], enwad [-au, m.] denote - (v.) arwyddo [arwydd-], arwyddoca/u [arwyddoc- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>], darnodi [darnod-], dynodi [dynod-], hynodi [hynod-] denounce - (v.) condemnio [condemni-], cyhuddo [cyhudd-], lladd ar dense - (adj.) dwys [pl. -ion], hurt, pendew, tew [pl. -ion] { <B>Dwys</B> is dense in a physical sense. } { <B>Hurt</B> is dense in a mental sense. } { <B>Pendew</B> is dense in a mental sense. } { <B>Tew</B> is dense in a physical sense. } density - (n.) dwysedd [m.] dent - (n.) tolc [-iau, m.] dent - (v.) pantio [panti-], tolcio [tolci-] dental - (adj.) deintiol dented - (adj.) tolciog dentist - (n.) deintydd [-ion, m.] dentistry - (n.) deintyddiaeth [f.] denude - (v.) dinoethi [dinoeth-], noethi [noeth-] deny - (v.) gomedd [gomedd-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gomedd], gwadu [gwad-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gwad], gwrthod [gwrthod-; 3.s. gwrthyd; 2.s.imp. gwrthod], naca/u [nac- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>] deny oneself - (v.) hunanymwadu [hunanymwad-], ymwadu [ymwad-] { You "ymwadu a+" something. } depart - (v.) cychwyn [cychwynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cychwyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. cychwyn], ymadael (ymadaw; ymado) [ymadaw-; 3.s. ymedy; 2.s.imp. yma+d] { <B>Cychwyn</B> is depart when you start a new course of action. } { <B>Ymadael (ymadaw; ymado)</B> is depart when you leave a place. } depart from - (v.) ymadael a+ departed - (adj.) ymadawedig department - (n.) adran [-nau, f.], dosbarth [-iadau, -au, m.] departure - (n.) cychwyniad [-au, m.], ymadawiad [m.] { <B>Cychwyniad</B> is departure when you set out on a new course of action. } { <B>Ymadawiad</B> is departure when you leave a place. } depend - (v.) dibynnu [dibynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, dibyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], ymddibynnu [ymddibyn-] depend on - (v.) dibynnu ar dependence - (n.) dibyniad [-au, m.], goglyd [m.], ymddibyniad [m.] dependent - (adj.) dibynnol dependent - (n.) dibynnydd [dibynyddion, m.] depending - (adj.) dibynnol depict - (v.) darlunio [darluni-], portreadu [portread-] depiction - (n.) portread [-au, m.] deplete - (v.) gwaca/u [gwac- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>], gwagu [gwag-], hysbyddu [hysbydd-] deplore - (v.) gofidio [gofidi-], gresynu [gresyn-] deplume - (v.) pluo (plufio) [plu-, plufi-] deponent - (n.) deponent [m.?], tyst ar lw depopulate - (v.) diboblogi [diboblog-] deport - (v.) alltudio [alltudi-], ymarweddu [ymarwedd-] { <B>Alltudio</B> is deport in the sense of sending away. } { <B>Ymarweddu</B> is deport in the sense of conducting yourself. } deportation - (n.) alltudiaeth [f.] deportment - (n.) ymarweddiad [-au, m.], ymddygiad [-au, m.] depose - (v.) deol [deol-], diorseddu [diorsedd-], diswyddo [diswydd-], tyngu [tyng- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, tyngh- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. twng], tystio [tysti-] { <B>Deol</B> is depose when you kick someone out. } { <B>Diorseddu</B> is depose when you dethrone someone. } { <B>Diswyddo</B> is depose when you remove someone from office. } { <B>Tyngu</B> is depose when you give a deposition. } { <B>Tystio</B> is depose when you give a deposition. } deposit - (n.) adnau [adneuon, m.], blaendal [-iadau, m.], gwaddod [-ion, m.] deposit sediment - (v.) gwaddodi [gwaddod-], gwaelodi [gwaelod-] deposit - (v.) adneuo [adneu-], dodi i lawr depositary - (n.) addod [-au, m.] depositing - (adj.) adneuol depositor - (n.) adneuwr [adneuwyr, m.] depot - (n.) gorsaf [-oedd, f.], ystorfa [ystorfeydd, f.] { <B>Gorsaf</B> is a depot that is a train station. } { <B>Ystorfa</B> is a depot that is a storehouse. } depradation - (n.) lladrad [-au, m.] deprave - (v.) halogi [halog-], llygru [llygr-] { (perish} <B>Llygru</B> is perish when something rots. } depraved - (adj.) llygredig depravity - (n.) llygredd [m.] deprecate - (v.) anghymeradwyo [anghymeradwy-] depreciate - (v.) bychanu [bychan-], dibrisio [dibrisi-] { <B>Bychanu</B> is depreciate as in to belittle. } { <B>Dibrisio</B> is to depreciate financially. } depreciation - (n.) dibristod [m.] depredation - (n.) ysbeiliad [m.] depress - (v.) digalonni [digalonn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, digalon- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], gostwng [gostyng-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gostwng], iselhau (iselu) [isel- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>, isel-], pantio [panti-], pruddhau [prudd- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] { <B>Digalonni</B> is depress as in to discourage. } { <B>Gostwng</B> is depress as in to lower. } { <B>Iselhau (iselu)</B> is depress as in to lower. } { <B>Pantio</B> is depress as in to dent. } { <B>Pruddhau</B> is depress as in to sadden. } depressed - (adj.) digalon, isel [ised; is; isaf], pruddglwyfus as depressed - (adj.) ised { "Ised" is the equative of "isel".} depression - (n.) digalondid [m.], dirwasgiad [-au, m.], iselder [-au, m.], pruddglwyf [m.] deprive - (v.) amddifadu [amddifad-], difeddiannu [difeddiann- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, difeddian- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], difreinio [difreini-], difuddio [difuddi-] depth - (n.) dyfnder [-au, -oedd, m.], dyfndra [m.], eigion [-au, m.], iselder [-au, m.] deputation - (n.) dirprwyaeth [-au, f.] depute - (v.) dirprwyo [dirprwy-] deputize - (v.) dirprwyo [dirprwy-] deputy - (n.) dirprwy [-on, m.] derange - (v.) anhrefnu [anhrefn-], drysu [drys-] deride - (v.) gwatwar [gwatwar-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gwatwar], gwawdio [gwawdi-], testunio [testuni-] derision - (n.) dirmyg [m.], gwatwar [m.], gwawd [m.] derivation - (n.) haniad [m.], tadogaeth [f.], tarddiad [-au, m.] derive - (v.) cael (caffael) [irreg.], deillio [deilli-], derbyn [derbyni-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. derbyn], tarddu [tardd-, 3.s. & 2.s.imp. tardd] { <B>Cael (caffael)</B> is derive when you obtain something from a source. } { <B>Deillio</B> is derive when you have something as origin. } { <B>Derbyn</B> is derive when you obtain something from a source. } { <B>Tarddu</B> is derive when you have something as origin. } be derived - (v.) hanu [han-], tarddu [tardd-, 3.s. & 2.s.imp. tardd] derogate - (v.) bychanu [bychan-], tynnu oddi wrth derogatory - (adj.) bychanus descant - (n.) cyfalaw [-on, f.], desgant [-iau?, f.?] descend - (v.) disgyn [disgynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, disgyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. disgyn], hanfod [irreg.] be descended - (v.) hanu [han-] descendant - (n.) disgynnydd [disgynyddion, m.], esillydd [-ion, m.] descent - (n.) ach [-au, -oedd, f.], disgynfa [disgynfeydd, f.], disgyniad [-au, m.], goriwaered [m.], gwaered [m.], haniad [m.], hil [-iau, f.] { <B>Ach</B> is the descent that was your lineage. } { <B>Disgynfa</B> is the descent you climb down. } { <B>Disgyniad</B> is the descent you climb down. } { <B>Hil</B> is the descent that was your lineage. } line of descent - (n.) llinach [f.] describe - (v.) darlunio [darluni-], disgrifio [disgrifi-] description - (n.) darluniad [-au, m.], disgrifiad [-au, m.] descriptive - (adj.) disgrifiadol descry - (v.) canfod [can- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.5. The -bod and -fod Endings">&fod</A>] desecrate - (v.) digysegru [digysegr-], halogi [halog-] desert - (adj.) anghyfanheddol, anghyfannedd, anial, diffaith desert - (n.) anial [m.], anialwch [m.], diffaith [diffeithydd, m.], diffeithwch [m.], haeddiant [haeddiannau, m.] { <B>Anial</B> is the desert that has little water. } { <B>Anialwch</B> is the desert that has little water. } { <B>Diffaith</B> is the desert that has little water. } { <B>Diffeithwch</B> is the desert that has little water. } { <B>Haeddiant</B> is the kind of desert as in "just deserts". } desert - (v.) cefnu ar, encilio [encili-], gadael (gadu) [gadaw-; 3.s. gedy, gad; 2.s.imp. gad; 3.s.pres.subj. gato] { You "gadael i" a person. } deserter - (n.) enciliwr [encilwyr, m.] desertion - (n.) encilfa [encilfeydd, f.] deserve - (v.) haeddu [haedd-], rhyglyddu [rhyglydd-], teilyngu [teilyng-] deserved - (adj.) teilwng desiccate - (v.) disychu [disych-] desiderate - (v.) chwenychu (chwennych) [chwenych-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. chwennych] design - (n.) arfaeth [-au, f.], cynllun [-iau, m.], dyluniad [-au, m.] design - (v.) arfaethu [arfaeth-], cynllunio [cynlluni-], dylunio [dyluni-] designate - (v.) dynodi [dynod-], penodi [penod-] designated - (adj.) penodol designer - (n.) cynllunydd [-ion, cynllunwyr, m.] desirable - (adj.) dewisol, dymunol desire - (n.) awydd [-au, m.], chwant [-au, m.], dihewyd [m.], dymuniad [-au, m.] vehement desire - (n.) awyddfryd [m.] desire - (v.) awyddu [awydd-], chwanta (chwantu) [chwant-], chwenychu (chwennych) [chwenych-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. chwennych], deisyf (deisyfu) [deisyf-], dymuno [dymun-], eidduno [eiddun-] desirous - (adj.) awyddus, chwannog desist - (v.) peidio [peidi-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. paid], ymatal [ymatal-; 3.s. ymetyl; 2.s.imp. ymatal] desk - (n.) desg [-iau, f.] reading desk - (n.) darllenfa [darllenfeydd, f.] desktop - (adj.) pen-desg desktop - (n.) bwrdd gwaith, pen-bwrdd [m.] desolate - (adj.) anghyfannedd, anial desolate place - (n.) anghyfanheddle [anghyfaneddleoedd, m.] desolate - (v.) anghyfanheddu [anghyfanhedd-] desolating - (adj.) anghyfanheddol desolation - (n.) anghyfanhedd-dra [m.] despair - (n.) anobaith [m.] despair - (v.) anobeithio [anobeithi-] despairing - (adj.) anobeithiol desperado - (n.) rhyfygwr [rhyfygwyr, m.] desperate - (adj.) anobeithiol, diobaith, gorffwyll { <B>Anobeithiol</B> is desperate in the sense of hopeless. } { <B>Diobaith</B> is desperate in the sense of hopeless. } { <B>Gorffwyll</B> is desperate in the sense of frenzied. } despicable - (adj.) atgas (adgas), dirmygedig, ffiaidd despise - (v.) dibrisio [dibrisi-], dirmygu [dirmyg-], diystyru [diystyr-], tremygu [tremyg-] despite - (prep.) er [er- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.5.2. Second Conjugation">&prep2</A>], er gwaethaf despoil - (v.) anrheithio [anrheithi-], ysbeilio [ysbeili-] despond - (v.) anobeithio [anobeithi-], digalonni [digalonn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, digalon- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] despondent - (adj.) digalon, isel ei ysbryd, isel-ysbryd despot - (n.) gormeswr [gormeswyr, m.], unben [-iaid, unbyn, m.] despot unit - (n.) unben [-iaid, unbyn, m.] despotic - (adj.) unbenaethol despotism - (n.) archdeyrnaeth [-au, f.], unbeiniaeth [f.], unbennaeth [f.] dessert - (n.) danteithfwyd [danteithion, m.], melysfwyd [-ydd, m.], pwdin [m.] { <B>Pwdin</B> is a colloquial term for dessert. } destination - (n.) cyrchfan [-nau, f.], nod [-au, -ion, mf.], pen taith destine - (v.) arfaethu [arfaeth-], bwriadu [bwriad-], tynghedu [tynghed-] destiny - (n.) tynged [tynghedau, f.], tynghedfen [tyngedfennau, f.] destitute - (adj.) amddifad, anghenus, llwm [f. llom; pl. llymion], tlawd (tylawd) [pl. tlodion; tlot- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>] destitution - (n.) amddifadrwydd [m.], amddifedi [m.], llymder (llymdra) [m.], tlodi [m.] destroy - (v.) anrheithio [anrheithi-], difa [dif-], difetha [difeth-], dinistrio [dinistri-], distrywio [distrywi-] destroyer - (n.) difethwr [difethwyr, m.], dinistriwr [dinistrwyr, m.], dinistrydd [-ion, m.], distrywiwr [distrywwyr, m.] destroying - (adj.) dinistriol, distrywiol destruction - (n.) aball [f.], anrhaith [anrheithiau, anrheithi, f.], boloch [m.], difethdod [m.], dinistr [-oedd, m.], distryw [m.] destructive - (adj.) dinistriol, distrywgar, distrywiol desultory - (adj.) anghysylltiol, didrefn detach - (v.) datod [datod-; 3.s. datod, detyd*; 2.s.imp. datod], gwahanu [gwahan-] detachment - (n.) adran [-nau, f.], annibyniaeth [f.], didoliad [-au, m.] { <B>Adran</B> is a detachment to which you assign a task. } { <B>Annibyniaeth</B> is detachment that enables you to judge impartially. } { <B>Didoliad</B> is detachment that is a separation. } detail - (n.) manylyn [manylion, m.] go into detail - (v.) manylu [manyl-] detain - (v.) atal [atali-; 3.s. etyl, eteil*; 2.s.imp. atal], cadw [cadw-; 3.s. ceidw; 2.s.imp. cadw], caethiwo [caethiw-] detect - (v.) canfod [can- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.5. The -bod and -fod Endings">&fod</A>], dal (dala) [dali-; 3.s. dail, deil; 2.s.imp. dal], darganfod [dargan- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.5. The -bod and -fod Endings">&fod</A>] detective - (n.) cuddswyddog [-ion, m.], ditectif [m.] detention - (n.) ataliad [-au, m.], carchariad [m.] deter - (v.) atal [atali-; 3.s. etyl, eteil*; 2.s.imp. atal], rhwystro [rhwystr-] deter from - (v.) atal rhag, cadw rhag deteriorate - (v.) dirywio [dirywi-], gwaethygu [gwaethyg-] deterioration - (n.) dirywiad [m.] determination - (n.) penderfyniad [-au, m.] determine - (v.) penderfynu [penderfyn-], pennu [penn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, pen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], terfynu [terfyn-] determined - (adj.) penderfynol determined to - (adj.) penderfynol o determinism - (n.) penderfyniaeth [f.], rheidoliaeth [f.] detest - (v.) atgasu [atgas-], casa/u [cas- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>], ffieiddio [ffieiddi-] dethrone - (v.) diorseddu [diorsedd-] detour - (n.) cwmpas [-oedd, -au, m.], cylch [-au, -oedd, m.] detract - (v.) bychanu [bychan-], tynnu oddi wrth detriment - (n.) anfantais [anfanteision, f.], colled [-ion, f.], niwed [niweidiau, m.] deuce - (n.) andras (andros) [-iaid, m.] devastate - (v.) anialu [anial-], diffeithio [diffeithi-], difrodi [difrod-] devastator - (n.) difrodwr [difrodwyr, m.] develop - (v.) datblygu [datblyg-] developer, late - (n.) plentyn hwyrgynnydd development - (n.) datblygiad [-au, m.] deviate - (v.) gwyro [gwyr-], troi o'r neilltu device - (n.) dychymyg [dychmygion, m.], dyfais [dyfeisiau, f.] devil - (n.) andras (andros) [-iaid, m.], cythraul [cythreuliaid, m.], diafol [diefyl, dieifl, m.], diawl [-iaid, m.] Devil's Bridge - (prop.n.) Pontarfynach devilish - (adj.) cythreulig, dieflig devious - (adj.) cyfeiliornus, diarffordd, troellog { <B>Cyfeiliornus</B> is devious in the malicious sense. } { <B>Diarffordd</B> is devious in the sense of tortuous. } { <B>Troellog</B> is devious in the sense of tortuous. } devise - (v.) cymynroddi [cymynrodd-], dyfeisio [dyfeisi-] { <B>Cymynroddi</B> is devise in the sense of bequeath. } { <B>Dyfeisio</B> is devise in the sense of invent. } devoid - (adj.) amddifad devolution - (n.) treigliad (treiglad) [-au, m.], trosglwyddiad [m.] devolve - (v.) disgyn [disgynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, disgyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. disgyn], syrthio [syrthi-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. syrth], treiglo [treigl-] { <B>Disgyn</B> is devolve in the sense of fall. } { <B>Syrthio</B> is devolve in the sense of fall. } { <B>Treiglo</B> is decline, devolve, or inflect in the grammatical sense. } Devon - (prop.n.) Dyfnaint devote - (v.) cyflwyno [cyflwyn-], cysegru [cysegr-], diofrydu [diofryd-] devote oneself - (v.) ymroddi (ymroi) [ymrodd-] devoted - (adj.) ffyddlon, ymroddedig, ymroddgar devotion - (n.) defosiwn [defosiynau, m.], dihewyd [m.], ymroad [-au, m.], ymroddiad [-au, m.] devotional - (adj.) defosiynol devour - (v.) difa [dif-], llewa [llew-], traflyncu [traflync-], ysu [ys-] devouring - (adj.) difaol, ysol devout - (adj.) addolgar, crefyddol, defosiynol devout - (n.) duwiol [m.] devoutness - (n.) addolgarwch [m.] dew - (n.) gwlith [-oedd, m.] dew - (v.) gwlitho [gwlith-] dewdrop - (n.) gwlithyn [m.] dewlap - (n.) tagell [-au, tegyll, f.] dewy - (adj.) gwlithog dexterity - (n.) deheurwydd [m.] dextrous (dexterous) - (adj.) celfydd, dechau (deche), deheuig, hylaw, hywaith, llawdde, medrus diabolical - (adj.) dieflig diaconate - (n.) diaconiaeth [-au, f.] diadem - (n.) coron [-au, fm.], coronbleth [-au, f.], talaith [taleithiau, f.] diaeresis - (n.) didolnod [-au, mf.] diagonal - (adj.) croeslinol, lletraws diagonal - (n.) croeslin [f.?] diagram - (n.) darlun eglur.haol, diagram [m.?] dial - (n.) deial [-au?, m.] dial up - (v.) deialu [deial-] hand of dial - (n.) bys [-edd, -iau, m.] dial - (v.) deialu [deial-] dialect - (n.) tafodiaith [tafodieithoedd, f.] dialectic - (n.) dilechdid [m.] dialog (dialogue) - (n.) dadl [-euon, -au, f.], dialog [-au, m.], ymddiddan [-ion, m.] diameter - (n.) diamedr [-au, m.], tryfesur [m.] diamond - (n.) adamant [m.], diemwnt [m.] diaper - (n.) clwt [clytiau, m.] diaphragm - (n.) cefndedyn [m.], llen.gig [-au?, f.], lliein.gig [f.] diarrhea (diarrhoea) - (n.) dolur rhydd, pib [-au, f.], rhyddni [m.] diary - (n.) dyddiadur [-on, m.], dyddlyfr [-au, m.] dice - (n.pl.) dis [-iau, m.] dichotomous - (adj.) deubarthol, fforchog dichotomy - (n.) deubarthiad [-au, m.] dictate - (n.) arch [eirchion, f.], galwad [-au, mf.], gorchymyn [gorchmynion, m.] dictate - (v.) adrodd [adrodd-; 3.s. edrydd; 2.s.imp. adrodd], gormesu [gormes-] { <B>Adrodd</B> is dictate in the sense of recite. } { <B>Gormesu</B> is dictate in the way a dictator works. } dictation - (n.) arddywediad [-au, m.] diction - (n.) geirwedd [f.], iaith [ieithoedd, f.], ieithwedd [-au, -ion, f.] dictionary - (n.) geiriadur [-on, m.], geirlyfr [-au, m.] rhyming dictionary - (n.) odliadur [-on, m.] didactic - (adj.) athrawiaethol, hyfforddiadol diddle - (v.) hocedu [hoced-], twyllo [twyll-] die - (n.) bath [-au, m.], dis [-iau, m.] { <B>Bath</B> is the kind of die into which you pour molten metal. } { <B>Dis</B> is the kind of die with pips on it. } die - (v.) darfod [dar- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.5. The -bod and -fod Endings">&fod</A>], marw [def.], trengi [treng-], trigo [trig-] { (perish} <B>Darfod</B> is perish when something dies. } { (perish} <B>Trengi</B> is perish when something dies. } diet - (n.) cyfarpar [m.], deiet [m.?], dogn [-au, m.], lluniaeth [m.], ymborth [m.] { <B>Cyfarpar</B> is the kind of diet you use to lose weight. } { <B>Deiet</B> is the kind of diet that defines what you eat. } { <B>Dogn</B> is the kind of diet you use to lose weight. } { <B>Lluniaeth</B> is the kind of diet that defines what you eat. } { <B>Ymborth</B> is the kind of diet that defines what you eat. } dietetics - (n.) deieteg [f.], dieteteg [f.] differ - (v.) amrywio [amrywi-], gwahaniaethu [gwahaniaeth-] difference - (n.) gwahaniaeth [-au, m.], <A HREF="./Lesson05.html#rhagor">rhagor</A> [-au, -ion, m.] { <B>Gwahaniaeth</B> is that which differentiates and is neutral as to value. "Faint o wahaniaeth?" is "to what extent do they differ?". } { <B>Rhagor</B> is related to "rhagoriaeth", an excellence, an extent to which something is better, or in greater quantity ("rhagor o <rhywbeth>", more of <something>; "yn rhagori ar <rhywbeth>", better than <something>). "Faint rhagor?" is "how much more?", "how much longer?", "what greater extent?". } different - (adj.) amgen (amgenach), gwahanol different from - (adv.) amgen na of different sounds - (adj.) amrysain differentiate - (v.) gwahaniaethu [gwahaniaeth-] differently - (adv.) amgen (amgenach) difficult - (adj.) afrwydd, anawdd, anhawdd [anhawdd- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>; anhawsed; anhaws; anhawsaf], anodd, astrus, caled [pl. -ion; calet- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], cyfyng, dyrys difficulty - (n.) afrwyddineb [-au, m.], anhawster [anawsterau, m.] diffidence - (n.) anhyder [m.], anymddiried [m.] diffident - (adj.) anhyderus, petrusgar diffuse - (adj.) anghryno, gwasgarog diffuse - (v.) gwasgaru [gwasgar-; 3.s. gwesgyr*, gwasgar; 2.s.imp. gwasgar], lledaenu [lledaen-] dig - (n.) pwniad [-au, m.] dig - (v.) ceibio [ceibi-], cloddio [cloddi-], palu [pal-], torri [torr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, tor- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. tyr, tor; 2.s.imp. tor, torr] digest - (n.) crynhoad [crynoadau, m.] digest - (v.) cymathu [cymath-], toddi [todd-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. tawdd], treulio [treuli-] { <B>Cymathu</B> is digesting mentally. } { <B>Toddi</B> is digesting physically. } { <B>Treulio</B> is digesting physically. } digestion - (n.) traul [treuliau, f.], treuliad [m.] digger - (n.) ceibiwr [ceibwyr, m.], cloddiwr [cloddwyr, m.], palwr [palwyr, m.] earth digger - (n.) jac-codi-baw [m.] { Earth diggers in the UK are largely made by a company known as JCB, and some wag decided that this stood for "Jac Codi Baw" (Jack Lifts Dirt), by which they are now popularly known. } digit - (n.) did [-au, m.], digid [-au, m.] check digit - (n.) did gwirio digital - (adj.) digidol dignified - (adj.) urddasol dignify - (v.) anrhydeddu [anrhydedd-], urddasu [urddas-] dignity - (n.) balchder (balchedd) [m.], teilyngdod [m.], urddas [-au, m.] digress - (v.) crwydro [crwydr-], gwyro [gwyr-] dike - (n.) argae [-au, m.], clawdd [cloddiau, m.], ffos [-ydd, f.] dilapidated thing - (n.) celffaint [celffeiniau, m.] dilate - (v.) lledu [lled-], ymhelaethu [ymhelaeth-] dilatory - (adj.) anniben, hwyrfrydig, ymar.hous dilemma - (n.) dilema [f.?] diligence - (n.) astudrwydd [m.], diwydrwydd [m.], dyfalwch [m.] diligent - (adj.) astud, diwyd, dyfal, prysur [prysur- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], ystig dilute - (v.) cymysgu a+ dwfr, gwanhau [gwan- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], teneuo [teneu-] dim - (adj.) aneglur, pw+l dim - (v.) cymylu [cymyl-], tywyllu [tywyll-] dimension - (n.) dimensiwn [dimensiynau, m.], maintioli [m.] dimension - (v.) mesur [mesur-] diminish - (v.) lleihau [llei- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], prinhau [prin- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] diminution - (n.) lleihad [m.], prinhad [m.] diminutive - (adj.) bachigol, bychan [f. bechan; pl. bychain] diminutive - (n.) bachigyn [bachigion, m.] dimple - (n.) pannwl [panylau, m.], pant [-iau, m.] dimple - (v.) panylu [panyl-] dimpled - (adj.) pantiog din - (n.) dadwrdd [m.], dwndwr [m.], mwstwr [mwstwyr, m.], trwst [trystau, m.], twrf [tyrfau, m.] dine - (v.) ciniawa [ciniaw-] dinge - (n.) tolc [-iau, m.] dinge - (v.) tolcio [tolci-] dinged - (adj.) tolciog dingle - (n.) cwm [cymau, cymoedd, m.], glyn [-noedd, m.], pant [-iau, m.] dingy - (adj.) dilewyrch, tlodaidd, tywyll [f. tywell] dinner - (n.) cinio [ciniawau, mf.] dint - (n.) grym [-oedd, m.], tolc [-iau, m.] { <B>Grym</B> is dint in the sense of power. } { <B>Tolc</B> is dint in the sense of dent. } diocesan - (adj.) esgobaethol diocesan - (n.) esgob [-ion, m.] diocese - (n.) esgobaeth [-au, f.] dioxide - (n.) deuocsid [m.?] dip - (v.) gostwng [gostyng-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gostwng], gwlychu [gwlych-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gwlych], trochi [troch-; 3.s. trych*] { <B>Gostwng</B> is dip as an <A HREF="./Glossary.html#intransitive verb">intransitive verb</A>. } { <B>Gwlychu</B> is dip as a <A HREF="./Glossary.html#transitive verb">transitive verb</A>. } { <B>Trochi</B> has the sense of immerse in N. Wales. It is a <A HREF="./Glossary.html#transitive verb">transitive verb</A>. } diphthong - (n.) deusain [deuseiniau, f.], dipton [-au, f.] diploma - (n.) breinlen [-ni, -nau, f.], diploma [m.?], tystysgrif [-au, f.] diplomat - (n.) llysgennad [llysgenhadon, m.] diplomatist - (n.) diplomydd [-ion, m.], llysgennad [llysgenhadon, m.] dire - (adj.) an.guriol (an.giriol), arswydus, dybryd, dygn [dycn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], echryslon direct - (adj.) union, union.gyrchol (union.gyrch), unionsyth direct - (v.) cyfarwyddo [cyfarwydd-], cyfeirio [cyfeiri-], hyfforddi [hyffordd-], llwybreiddio [llwybreiddi-], llywio [llywi-] direction - (n.) cyfarwyddyd [cyfarwyddiadau, m.], cyfeiriad [-au, m.], cyfer (cyfair) [m.], tu [m.] { <B>Cyfarwyddyd</B> is direction in the sense of instruction. } { <B>Cyfeiriad</B> is the directing-towards sort of direction, one which one might give a lost driver, or indeed the address on the outside of an envelope. It is also the direction in which the lost driver would set off once so directed. } { <B>Tu</B> is really a location -- think of "side", as in "tudalen", the side of a page: so "tua/tuag" are in the direction of (such and such a place), to such-and-such a side of one's location. } director - (n.) cyfarwyddwr [cyfarwyddwyr, m.] directorate - (n.) cyfarwyddiaeth [-au, f.] directory - (n.) cyfeiriadur [-on, m.] direful - (adj.) anaele, echryslon dirge - (n.) galargan [-au, f.], galarnad [-au, f.], marwnad [-au, f.] dirt - (n.) baw [m.], rhwd [m.], tom [f.] clotted dirt - (n.) cagl [-au, m.] dirty - (adj.) afiach, bawaidd, brwnt [f. bront; pl. bryntion], budr (budur) [pl. budron], tomlyd dirty - (v.) baeddu (maeddu) [baedd-, maedd-], budro [budr-], diwyno [diwyn-] dis- - (pfx.) an- (a-; af-), dad- (dat-), di- { "An (a-; af-)" causes a nasal mutation to the affixed stem. } { "Dad- (dat-)" causes a soft mutation to the affixed stem. } { "Di-" causes a soft mutation to the affixed stem. } disability - (n.) anabledd [-au, m.] disable - (v.) analluogi [analluog-], efryddu [efrydd-] { <B>Analluogi</B> is disable in the sense of incapacitate. } { <B>Efryddu</B> is disable in the sense of cripple. } disabled - (adj.) anafus, methedig [pl. -ion] disabuse - (v.) didwyllo [didwyll-] disadvantage - (n.) afles [m.], anach [-au, mf.], anfantais [anfanteision, f.] disadvantageous - (adj.) aflesol, anfanteisiol, difantais disagree - (v.) anghydsynio [anghydsyni-], anghydweld [anghydwel-], anghytuno [anghytun-] disagreeable - (adj.) annymunol, cas disagreement - (n.) anghydfod [m.], anghytundeb [-au, m.] disappear - (v.) difannu [difann- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, difan- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], diflannu [diflann- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, diflan- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] disappoint - (v.) siomi [siom-] disappointed - (adj.) siomedig disappointing - (adj.) siomedig disappointment - (n.) siom [-au, f.], siomedigaeth [-au, f.], som [-au, f.] disapprove - (v.) anghymeradwyo [anghymeradwy-] disarm - (v.) diarfogi [diarfog-] disarmament - (n.) diarfogiad [m.] disarmed - (adj.) diarfog disarrange - (v.) anhrefnu [anhrefn-] disaster - (n.) aflwydd [-au, -ion, m.], trychineb [-au, mf.] disastrous - (adj.) trychinebus disavow - (v.) diarddel [diarddel-], gwadu [gwad-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gwad] disavowal - (n.) gwad [-nau, m.] disband - (v.) dadfyddino [dadfyddin-], gwasgaru [gwasgar-; 3.s. gwesgyr*, gwasgar; 2.s.imp. gwasgar] { <B>Dadfyddino</B> is to cause an army to unform. } disbelieve - (v.) anghoelio [anghoeli-], anghredu [anghred-] disburse - (v.) gwario [gwari-], talu arian disc - (n.) coeten (coetan) [-nau, f.], disg [-iau, f.] discard - (v.) gwrthod [gwrthod-; 3.s. gwrthyd; 2.s.imp. gwrthod], rhoi heibio discern - (v.) canfod [can- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.5. The -bod and -fod Endings">&fod</A>], dirnad [dirnad-] discernment - (n.) dirnadaeth [f.] discharge - (n.) ergyd [-ion, f.], gollyngdod [m.] { <B>Ergyd</B> is the kind of discharge that occurs when you shoot a weapon. } { <B>Gollyngdod</B> is a discharge that is a slow release. } discharge - (v.) diswyddo [diswydd-], gollwng [gollyng-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gollwng] disciple - (n.) disgybl [-ion, m.] discipler - (n.) disgyblwr [disgyblwyr, m.] discipline - (n.) disgyblaeth [f.] discipline - (v.) disgyblu [disgybl-], gwastrodaeth (gwastrodi) [gwastrod-] discipliner - (n.) disgyblwr [disgyblwyr, m.] disclaim - (v.) diarddel [diarddel-], gwadu [gwad-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gwad] disclaimer - (n.) ymwadiad [m.] disclose - (v.) dadlennu [dadlenn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, dadlen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], datgelu [datgel-], datguddio [datguddi-] disclosure - (n.) dadannudd [m.], dadleniad [-au, m.], datgeliad [-au, m.], datguddiad [-au, m.] discomfit - (v.) dymchwelyd (dymchwel) [dymchwel-], gorchfygu [gorchfyg-] discomfort - (n.) anghysur [-on, m.] discomfort - (v.) anghysuro [anghysur-] discompose - (v.) aflonyddu [aflonydd-], cyffroi [cyffro- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>; 3.s. cyffry] disconcert - (v.) aflonyddu [aflonydd-], cyffroi [cyffro- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>; 3.s. cyffry], tarfu [tarf-; 3.s. teirf*; 2.s.imp. tarf] disconnect - (v.) datgysylltu [datgysyllt-] disconnected - (adj.) digyswllt disconsolate - (adj.) anniddan, digysur, galarus discontent - (n.) anfodlonrwydd [m.] discontent - (v.) anfodloni [anfodlon-] discontented - (adj.) anfoddog, anfodlon discontentment - (n.) anfoddogrwydd [m.] discord - (n.) anghydfod [m.], anghytgord [-iau, m.] discordant - (adj.) anghytu+n, anghywair discount - (n.) disgownt [m.?] discount - (v.) anghyfrif [anghyfrif-] discountenance - (v.) anghefnogi [anghefnog-] discourage - (v.) anghefnogi [anghefnog-], digalonni [digalonn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, digalon- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] discourse - (n.) araith [areithiau, f.], parabl [-au, m.], pregeth [-au, f.], ymddiddan [-ion, m.] { <B>Araith</B> is the kind of discourse you make in front of an audience. } { <B>Pregeth</B> is the kind of discourse you make in front of an audience. } { <B>Ymddiddan</B> is the kind of discourse you hold with someone. } discourse - (v.) ymadroddi [ymadrodd-] discourteous - (adj.) anfonheddig, anfynud, anghwrtais, anllathraid, ansyber discourtesy - (n.) anwybod [m.] discover - (v.) canfod [can- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.5. The -bod and -fod Endings">&fod</A>], darganfod [dargan- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.5. The -bod and -fod Endings">&fod</A>], datgelu [datgel-] discoverer - (n.) darganfyddwr [darganfyddwyr, m.] discovery - (n.) darganfyddiad [-au, m.], datgeliad [-au, m.] discredit - (n.) amarch [-au, m.], anfri [m.], anghlod [m.] discredit - (v.) amau [amheu- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, ameu- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], anghoelio [anghoeli-], difri%o [difri%-] { <B>Amau</B> is discredit when you cast doubt on something. } { <B>Anghoelio</B> is discredit in the sense of disbelieve. } { <B>Difri%o</B> is discredit when you cast doubt on something. } discreet - (adj.) call, pwyllog, synhwyrol discrepancy - (n.) anghysondeb (anghysonder) [-au, m.] discrepant - (adj.) anghyson, gwahanol discretion - (n.) barn [-au, f.], pwyll [m.], synnwyr [synhwyrau, m.] discriminate - (v.) gwahaniaethu [gwahaniaeth-] discursive - (adj.) anghysylltiol, crwydrol (crwydrus) discuss - (v.) trafod [trafod-], trin [trini-], ymarwar [ymarwar-] discussion - (n.) trafodaeth [-au, f.], ymarwar [m.], ymdrafodaeth [f.], ymdriniaeth [-au, f.] discussion group - (n.) cylch trafod disdain - (n.) dirmyg [m.], diystyrwch [m.] disdain - (v.) dirmygu [dirmyg-], diystyru [diystyr-], ysgornio [ysgorni-] disdainful - (adj.) dirmygus, diystyrllyd, ffroenuchel disease - (n.) afiechyd [-on, m.], clefyd [-au, -on, m.], clwyf [-au, m.] disembark - (v.) glanio [glani-] disembarkation - (n.) glaniad [m.] disembowel - (v.) diberfeddu [diberfedd-] disenable - (v.) analluogi [analluog-] disendow - (v.) dadwaddoli [dadwaddol-] disendowment - (n.) dadwaddoliad [m.] disentangle - (v.) datod [datod-; 3.s. datod, detyd*; 2.s.imp. datod], datrys [datrys-] disestablish - (v.) dadsefydlu [dadsefydl-], datgysylltu [datgysyllt-] disestablisher - (n.) datgysylltwr [datgysylltwyr, m.] disestablishment - (n.) dadsefydliad [m.], datgysylltiad [m.] disfigure - (v.) aflunio [afluni-], anferthu [anferth-], anffurfio [anffurfi-], anharddu [anhardd-], anurddo [anurdd-], gwrthuno [gwrthun-], hagru [hagr-], hyllu [hyll-] disfigurement - (n.) anffurf [-iau, m.], anffurfiad [-au, m.] disfranchise - (v.) difreinio [difreini-] disfranchisement - (n.) difreiniad [m.] disgorge - (v.) arllwys [arllwys-; 3.s. arllwys], chwydu [chwyd-] disgrace - (n.) achlod [mf.], anfri [m.], cardd [m.], gwaradwydd [-iadau, m.], gwarth [m.], gwarthrudd [m.], mefl [-au, m.], sar.had [-au, m.] disgrace - (v.) gwaradwyddo [gwaradwydd-], gwarthruddo [gwarthrudd-] disgraceful - (adj.) cywilyddus, gwaradwyddus, gwarthus disguise - (n.) rhith [-iau, m.] disguise - (v.) dieithrio [dieithri-], ffugio [ffugi-], lledrithio [lledrithi-] disgust - (n.) diflastod [m.], ffieidd-dod [m.], ffieiddrwydd [m.] disgust - (v.) diflasu [diflas-] disgusting - (adj.) brwnt [f. bront; pl. bryntion], ffiaidd dish - (n.) dysgl [-au, f.], dysglaid (dysgled) [dysgleidiau, f.], noe [-au, f.], saig [seigiau, f.] { <B>Dysgl</B> is the kind of dish you set on your table. } { <B>Dysglaid (dysgled)</B> is dish when it measures a quantity, as in "a dish of cream for the cat". } dishearten - (v.) digalonni [digalonn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, digalon- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] disheartened - (adj.) digalon disheveled - (adj.) afle+r, anhrefnus, anniben dishful - (n.) dysglaid (dysgled) [dysgleidiau, f.] dishonest - (adj.) anonest dishonesty - (n.) anonestrwydd [m.] dishonor (dishonour) - (n.) amarch [-au, m.], anfri [m.], anghlod [m.] dishonor (dishonour) - (v.) amharchu [amharch-], amherchi [amherch-] disillusion - (v.) didwyllo [didwyll-] disinclination - (n.) annhuedd [f.], annhueddrwydd [m.] disinclined - (adj.) annhueddol disinfect - (v.) diheintio [diheinti-], mygdarthu (myctarthu) [mygdarth-, myctarth-] disingenuous - (adj.) ffuantus disintegrate - (v.) chwalu [chwal-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. chwa+l], datod [datod-; 3.s. datod, detyd*; 2.s.imp. datod] disk - (n.) coeten (coetan) [-nau, f.], disg [-iau, f.] compact disk - (n.) crynoddisg [-iau, f.] hard disk drive - (n.) gyrrwr disg galed dislike - (n.) anhoffter [m.], casineb [m.] dislike - (v.) casa/u [cas- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>] dislocate - (v.) dadgymalu [dadgymal-], rhoi o'i le dislodge - (v.) gwaredu (gwared) [gwared-; 3.s. gwared, gweryd*; 2.s.imp. gwared], syflyd [syfl-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. syfl], symud [symud-] dismal - (adj.) aflawen, digalon, dilewyrch, tywyll [f. tywell] dismay - (n.) braw [-iau, m.], chwithdod (chwithdra) [m.], siom [-au, f.] feel dismayed - (v.) chwithio [chwithi-] dismay - (v.) brawychu [brawych-], digalonni [digalonn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, digalon- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], siomi [siom-] dismember - (v.) diaelodi [diaelod-] dismiss - (v.) gollwng [gollyng-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gollwng] dismiss from office - (v.) diswyddo [diswydd-] dismissal - (n.) diswyddiad [-au, m.] dismount - (v.) disgyn [disgynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, disgyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. disgyn], dymchwelyd (dymchwel) [dymchwel-] disobedience - (n.) anufudd-dod [m.] disobedient - (adj.) anufudd disobey - (v.) anufuddhau [anufudd- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] disoblige - (v.) anfoddio [anfoddi-] disorder - (n.) afreol [f.], afreolaeth [-au, f.], anhrefn [mf.], anhwylder (anhwyldeb) [-au, m.], annosbarth [m.], cam-drefn [f.], camlwrw [camlyryau, m.] { <B>Afreol</B> is the kind of disorder for which you seek a policeman. } { <B>Afreolaeth</B> is the kind of disorder for which you seek a policeman. } { <B>Anhrefn</B> is the kind of disorder for which you seek a chambermaid. } { <B>Anhwylder (anhwyldeb)</B> is the kind of disorder for which you seek a doctor. } { <B>Annosbarth</B> is the kind of disorder for which you seek a policeman. } { <B>Cam-drefn</B> is the kind of disorder for which you seek a chambermaid. } affective disorder - (n.) anhwylder affeithiol attention deficit disorder - (n.) anhwylder diffyg canolbwyntio bipolar disorder - (n.) anhwylder deubegwn post-traumatic stress disorder - (n.) anhwylder straen o+l-drawmatig disorder - (v.) anhrefnu [anhrefn-] disorderly - (adj.) afreolaidd, afreolus, anhrefnus, annosbarth, annosbarthus, direol disown - (v.) diarddel [diarddel-], gwadu [gwad-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gwad] disowned - (adj.) dietifedd disparage - (v.) amharchu [amharch-], bychanu [bychan-], difri%o [difri%-] disparity - (n.) anghyfartaledd [m.], <A HREF="./Lesson05.html#rhagor">rhagor</A> [-au, -ion, m.] dispatch - (n.) bryslythyr [-au, m.], neges [-au, -euau, f.] { <B>Neges</B> is the kind of dispatch you send to someone. } dispatch to - (v.) anfon at, anfon i { "Anfon at" is used toward a person or group of people. } { "Anfon i" is used toward a place. } with dispatch - (adv.) ar frys dispatch - (v.) anfon [anfon-; 3.s. enfyn; 2.s.imp. anfon], diweddu [diwedd-] { <B>Anfon</B> is dispatch when you dispatch a message. } { <B>Diweddu</B> is dispatch when you dispatch a task. } dispel - (v.) chwalu [chwal-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. chwa+l], gwasgaru [gwasgar-; 3.s. gwesgyr*, gwasgar; 2.s.imp. gwasgar] dispensable thing, a - (n.) hepgor [-ion, m.] dispensary - (n.) fferyllfa [fferyllfeydd, f.] dispensation - (n.) goruchwyliaeth [-au, f.] dispense - (v.) gweinyddu [gweinydd-], rhannu [rhann- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, rhan- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. rhan] { <B>Gweinyddu</B> is dispense when you administer something. } { <B>Rhannu</B> is dispense when you divide something. } dispense with - (v.) hepgor [hepgor-] disperse - (v.) chwalu [chwal-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. chwa+l], gwasgaru [gwasgar-; 3.s. gwesgyr*, gwasgar; 2.s.imp. gwasgar], taenu [taen-] dispersed - (adv.) ar wasgar dispersion - (n.) gwasgar [m.] dispirit - (v.) digalonni [digalonn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, digalon- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], llwfr.hau [llwfr.- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] display - (n.) arddan.gosiad (arddangosiad) [-au, m.] display - (v.) arddan.gos (arddangos) [arddan.gos-; 3.s. ardden.gys; 2.s.imp. arddan.gos] displease - (v.) anfoddio [anfoddi-], anfodloni [anfodlon-], digio [digi-] be displeased - (v.) sorri [sorr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, sor- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] displeasure - (n.) anfodd [m.], anfodlonrwydd [m.], dicter [-au, m.], soriant [soriannau, m.] disport - (v.) chwarae (chware) [chwarae-; 3.s. chwery], difyrru [difyrr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, difyr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] dispose - (v.) cael gwared o, dosbarthu [dosbarth-], trefnu [trefn-], tueddu [tuedd-] { <B>Cael gwared o</B> is dispose when you get rid of something. } { <B>Dosbarthu</B> is dispose when you determine something's disposition. } { <B>Trefnu</B> is dispose when you determine something's disposition. } { <B>Tueddu</B> is dispose when you dispose someone favorably (favourably) towards you. } disposition - (n.) anianawd [m.], naws [-au, f.] having a forgiving disposition - (adj.) maddeugar dispossess - (v.) difeddiannu [difeddiann- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, difeddian- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] dispraise - (n.) anghlod [m.] disprove - (v.) gwrthbrofi [gwrthbrof-] dispute - (v.) amau [amheu- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, ameu- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], dadlau [dadleu-], ymddadlau [ymddadleu-], ymryson [ymryson-] disqualification - (n.) anghymhwyster [m.] disqualify - (v.) anaddasu [anaddas-], anghyfaddasu [anghyfaddas-], anghymhwyso [anghymhwys-] disquiet - (n.) anesmywthyd [m.], anhunedd [m.] disquiet - (v.) aflonyddu [aflonydd-] disregard - (v.) diystyru [diystyr-], esgeuluso [esgeulus-] disrepair - (n.) anghywair [m.] disreputable - (adj.) amharchus disrespect - (n.) amarch [-au, m.], anfri [m.] disrespect - (v.) amharchu [amharch-] disrespectful - (adj.) amharchus disrobe - (v.) tynnu dillad dissatisfaction - (n.) anfoddogrwydd [m.] dissatisfied - (adj.) anfoddog dissatisfy - (v.) anfoddio [anfoddi-], anfodloni [anfodlon-] dissect - (v.) dadansoddi [dadansodd-], difynio [difyni-], trychu [trych-] { <B>Dadansoddi</B> is when you dissect ideas. } { <B>Difynio</B> is when you dissect organisms. } { <B>Trychu</B> is when you dissect organisms. } dissection - (n.) difyniad [-au, m.] dissemble - (v.) celu [cel-], ffugio [ffugi-], rhagrithio [rhagrithi-] dissembler - (n.) ffuantwr [ffuantwyr, m.] dissembling - (n.) dadfathiad [-au, m.] disseminate - (v.) hau [heu-], lledaenu [lledaen-], taenu [taen-] dissension - (n.) anghytgord [-iau, m.] dissent - (n.) Ymneilltuaeth [f.], aflonyddwch [-au, m.], anghytundeb [-au, m.] { <B>Aflonyddwch</B> is dissent that is unrest. } { <B>Anghytundeb</B> is dissent that is disagreement. } { <B>Ymneilltuaeth</B> is dissent that is Nonconformity. } dissent - (v.) anghydolygu [anghydolyg-], anghydsynio [anghydsyni-], anghytuno [anghytun-] dissimilar - (adj.) annhebyg dissimulation - (n.) dadfathiad [-au, m.], rhagrith [-ion, m.] dissipate - (v.) anlladu [anllad-], chwalu [chwal-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. chwa+l], gwasgaru [gwasgar-; 3.s. gwesgyr*, gwasgar; 2.s.imp. gwasgar] dissipated - (adj.) ofer dissipation - (n.) oferedd [m.] dissociate - (v.) anghysylltu [angysyllt-], diaelodi [diaelod-], gwahanu [gwahan-] dissolute - (adj.) afradlon, ofer, penrhydd dissolution - (n.) datgorfforiad [m.], datodiad [m.], tranc [m.], ymddatodiad [m.] dissolve - (v.) dadmer [dadmer-], datgorffori [datgorffor-], datod [datod-; 3.s. datod, detyd*; 2.s.imp. datod], hydoddi [hydodd-], toddi [todd-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. tawdd], ymddatod [ymddatod-; 3.s. ymddatod, ymddetyd*; 2.s.imp. ymddatod] { <B>Datgorffori</B> is dissolve when you dissolve parliament. } { <B>Hydoddi</B> is the scientific word for dissolve. } dissolved - (adj.) tawdd become dissolved - (v.) ymdoddi [ymdodd-] distance - (n.) ffordd [ffyrdd, f.], pellter [-au, -oedd, m.] distant - (adj.) pell [pell- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], pellennig distemper - (n.) anhwylder (anhwyldeb) [-au, m.], lliw [-iau, m.] { <B>Anhwylder (anhwyldeb)</B> is the kind of distemper for which you seek a doctor. } { <B>Lliw</B> is the kind of distemper that has to do with the paints without oil for painting walls. } distend - (v.) chwyddo [chwydd-], estyn [estynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, estyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. estyn], lledu [lled-] distended - (adj.) rhwth [f. rhoth] distension - (n.) chwydd (chwyddi) [m.], tynder (tyndra) [m.], ymlediad [-au, m.] distil - (v.) diferu [difer-], hidlo [hidl-] distill (distil) - (v.) defnynnu [defnynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, defnyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], dihidlo [dihidl-], distyllu [distyll-] distillation - (n.) distylliad [m.] distiller (distiler) - (n.) distyllwr [distyllwyr, m.] distinct - (adj.) croyw [f. croew; pl. -on], eglur, gwahanol { <B>Croyw</B> is distinct as in clear. } { <B>Eglur</B> is distinct as in clear. } { <B>Gwahanol</B> is distinct as in different. } distinction - (n.) arbenigrwydd [m.], bri [m.], gwahaniaeth [-au, m.], neilltuolrwydd [m.], rhagoriaeth [-au, f.] distinguish - (v.) darnodi [darnod-], dynodi [dynod-], gwahaniaethu [gwahaniaeth-], hynodi [hynod-] { <B>Dynodi</B> is distinguish when you denote something. } { <B>Gwahaniaethu</B> is distinguish when you differentiate between two things. } { <B>Hynodi</B> is distinguish when you denote something. } distinguishing - (adj.) gwahaniaethol distort - (v.) anffurfio [anffurfi-], gwyrdroi [gwyrdro- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>], ystumio [ystumi-] distorted - (adj.) gwyrdroe%dig distract - (v.) drysu [drys-], mwydro [mwydr-], tynnu ymaith distrain - (v.) atafaelu [atafael-] distraint - (n.) atafael [m.], atafaeliad [m.] distress - (n.) cyfyngder [-au, m.], cyfyngdra [m.], cyni [-on, m.], ing [-oedd, m.], trallod [-ion, -au, m.] distributary - (n.) allafon [-ydd, f.] distribute - (v.) dosbarthu [dosbarth-], rhannu [rhann- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, rhan- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. rhan] distribution - (n.) dosbarthiad [-au, m.] distributor - (n.) dosbarthwr [dosbarthwyr, m.] district - (n.) ardal [-oedd, f.], dosbarth [-iadau, -au, m.], rhanbarth [-au, m.], rhandir [-oedd, m.] { <B>Ardal</B> is a geographical region. } { <B>Dosbarth</B> is administrative, in particular in the present shortly-to-be-abolished structure of local government "district council" is "cyngor dosbarth" -- "dosbarth" means something to do with having been divided up (hence the meaning of "class"). } distrust - (n.) anhyder [m.], anymddiried [m.] distrust - (v.) anymddiried [anymddiried-] disturb - (v.) aflonyddu [aflonydd-], cyffroi [cyffro- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>; 3.s. cyffry] disturbance - (n.) aflonyddwch [-au, m.], cyffro [-adau, -au, m.], terfysg [-oedd, m.] disturber - (n.) aflonyddwr [aflonyddwyr, m.], cynhyrfwr [cynhyrfwyr, m.] disturbing - (adj.) aflonyddus disunited - (adj.) anghytu+n disyllabic - (adj.) deusill, deusillaf ditch - (n.) ceuffos [-ydd, f.], ffos [-ydd, f.] ditch - (v.) ffosi [ffos-] ditto - (adj.) yr un ditto - (adv.) eto, yr un peth ditty - (n.) ca+n [canau, caniadau, caneuon, f.], canig [-ion, f.] diurnal - (adj.) diwrnodol dive - (v.) plannu [plann- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, plan- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], soddi [sodd-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. sawdd], suddo [sudd-], ymsuddo [ymsudd-] diving bell - (n.) suddgloch [suddglychau, f.] diverge - (v.) ymrannu [ymrann- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, ymran- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], ymwahanu [ymwahan-] diverse - (adj.) annhebyg, gwahanol diversion - (n.) adloniant [adloniannau, m.], difyrrwch [m.] diversions - (n.pl.) difyrion diversity - (n.) amrywiaeth [-au, m.] divert - (v.) diddanu [diddan-], difyrru [difyrr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, difyr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], troi o'r neilltu { <B>Diddanu</B> is divert when you amuse someone. } { <B>Difyrru</B> is divert when you amuse someone. } { <B>Troi o'r neilltu</B> is divert when you divert a river. } diverting - (adj.) diddan, difyr, difyrrus divest - (v.) dihatru (dihatryd) [dihatr-], diosg [diosg-], ymddihatru [ymddihatr-] divide - (v.) dosbarthu [dosbarth-], fforchogi [fforchog-], gwahanu [gwahan-], parthu [parth-], rhannu [rhann- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, rhan- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. rhan], ymrannu [ymrann- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, ymran- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], ymwahanu [ymwahan-] { <B>Fforchogi</B> is to divide or cleave a hoof. } divided - (adj.) gwasgarog dividend - (n.) buddran [-nau, m.], difidend [m.?] divider - (n.) rhannwr [rhannwyr, m.] divination - (n.) brud [-iau, m.], dewiniaeth [f.] divine - (adj.) dwyfol [pl. -ion; dwyfol- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>] divine - (n.) diwinydd [-ion, m.] divine - (v.) brudio [brudi-], dewinio (dewino) [dewini-, dewin-], dyfalu [dyfal-] diviner - (n.) dewin [-iaid, m.] divinity - (n.) diwinyddiaeth [f.], duwdod [m.], dwyfoldeb [m.] { <B>Diwinyddiaeth</B> is the study of divinity. } { <B>Duwdod</B> is the abstract concept of divinity. } { <B>Dwyfoldeb</B> is the abstract concept of divinity. } division - (n.) adran [-nau, f.], cyfadran [-nau, f.], cyfraniaeth [f.], dosran [-nau, f.], rhan [-nau, f.], rhanbarth [-au, m.], rhandir [-oedd, m.], rhaniad [-au, m.], ymraniad [-au, m.] { <B>Adran</B> is a division that is a section. } { <B>Dosran</B> is a division that is a section. } { <B>Rhan</B> is a division that is a part of something. } { <B>Rhanbarth</B> is a division that is a district. } { <B>Rhandir</B> is a division that is a district. } { <B>Rhaniad</B> is the mathematical concept of division. } { <B>Ymraniad</B> is a division that is a schism. } divorce - (n.) ysgariad [-au, m.], ysgariaeth [f.] divorce court - (n.) ysgarlys [-oedd, m.] divorce - (v.) ysgar (ysgaru) [ysgar-] divulge - (v.) dadlennu [dadlenn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, dadlen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], datguddio [datguddi-] dizziness - (n.) pensyfrdandod [m.], penysgafnder [m.] dizzy - (adj.) pensyfrdan, penysgafn do - (v.) gwneud (gwneuthur) [gwn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.6. The mynd Endings (and the Verb mynd)">&mynd</A>, n- &mynd; gwnel- {only (1.s. & 2.s. & p.)pres. ind. forms exist}; 3.s. gwnel; 2.s.imp. gwna] do away with - (v.) gwaredu (gwared) [gwared-; 3.s. gwared, gweryd*; 2.s.imp. gwared] do business - (v.) masnachu [masnach-] do homage - (v.) gwrogi [gwrog-] do the trick - (v.) gwneud y tro have to do with - (v.) bod a wnelo a+, gwneud a+ offer to do - (v.) osio [osi-] docile - (adj.) dof [pl. -ion], hydrin, hydyn, hywedd dock - (n.) brawdle [-oedd, m.], doc [m.?], porthladd [-oedd, m.] { <B>Brawdle</B> is dock when it is a judgment seat. } { <B>Doc</B> is the dock to which you fasten a boat. } { <B>Porthladd</B> is the dock to which you fasten a boat. } dock - (n.pl.) tafol dock - (v.) cwtogi [cwtog-], docio [doci-], tocio [toci-] { <B>Cwtogi</B> is dock when take something away. } { <B>Docio</B> is dock when you pull your boat into port. } { <B>Tocio</B> is dock when take something away. } doctor - (n.) doctor [-iaid, m.], meddyg [-on, m.] doctor - (v.) doctora [doctor-] doctoral - (adj.) doctoraidd doctorial - (adj.) doctoraidd doctrinal - (adj.) athrawiaethol doctrine - (n.) athrawiaeth [-au, f.], dysgeidiaeth [f.] document - (n.) dogfen [-ni, -nau, f.], gweithred [-oedd, f.], ysgrif [-au, f.] document - (v.) dogfennu [dogfenn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, dogfen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] dodge - (n.) cast [-iau, m.], sga+m [sgamiau, f.], sgil [m.?], ystryw [-iau, f.] dodge - (v.) osgoi [osgo-], sgamio [sgami-], twyllo [twyll-] { "Osgoi" is accented on the final syllable, in contrast to the normal rule. } doe - (n.) ewig [-od, f.] doer - (n.) gweithredwr [gweithredwyr, m.], gweithredydd [-au, m.], gwneuthurwr [gwneuthurwyr, m.] doesn't matter, it - (interj.) 'sdim ots doff - (v.) diosg [diosg-], tynnu [tynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, tyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. tyn, tynn; 2.s.imp. tyn] dog - (n.) ci [cw+n, m.] prying dog - (n.) chwilgi [chwilgwn, m.] dogged - (adj.) cyndyn, ystyfnig doggedness - (n.) cyndynrwydd [m.] doggerel - (adj.) crach, salw doggerel - (n.) rhigwm [rhigymau, m.] dog-like - (adj.) ci%aidd dogma - (n.) pwnc athrawiaeth dogmatic - (adj.) athrawiaethol, awdurdodol, pendant { <B>Athrawiaethol</B> is dogmatic meaning pertaining to dogma. } { <B>Awdurdodol</B> is dogmatic when you refuse to consider other ideas. } { <B>Pendant</B> is dogmatic when you refuse to consider other ideas. } dole - (n.) cardod [-au, f.], cyfran [-nau, f.], dogn [-au, m.] dole - (v.) dogni [dogn-] doleful - (adj.) galarus, prudd, trist [trist- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], wylofus Dolgelley - (prop.n.) Dolgellau doll - (n.) doli (dol) [doliau, f.] doll - (v.) dolian (dolio) [doli-] dollar - (n.) doler [-i, f.] dolmen - (n.) dolmen [-ni, f.] dolt - (n.) clwpa [-od, m.], delff [m.], hurtyn [-nod, m.], penbwl [penbyliaid, m.] domain - (n.) maes [meysydd, m.], parth [-au, m.], tiriogaeth [-au, f.] { <B>Parth</B> is the domain of a mathematical function. } domain name - (n.) enw parth dome - (n.) cromen [-ni, -nau, f.], cryndo [-eau, -eon, m.] domestic - (adj.) cartrefol, dof [pl. -ion], domestig, gwa+r, teuluaidd, teuluol { <B>Cartrefol</B> is domestic meaning pertaining to the home. } { <B>Dof</B> is domestic as in domestic animals. } { <B>Gwa+r</B> is domestic as in domestic animals. } { <B>Teuluaidd</B> is domestic meaning pertaining to the home. } domestic violence - (n.) trais teuluol domesticate - (v.) dofi [dof-] domesticated - (adj.) dof [pl. -ion] domesticated animal - (n.) lledfegin [-od, m.] domicile - (n.) anheddle [aneddleoedd, m.], cartref [-i, -ydd, m.], trigfan [-nau, f.] dominant - (adj.) llywodraethol dominate - (v.) arglwyddiaethu [arglwyddiaeth-] domineer - (v.) gormesu [gormes-], tra-arglwyddiaethu [tra-arglwyddiaeth-], tra-awdurdodi [tra-awdurdod-] dominion - (n.) arglwyddiaeth [-au, f.], dominiwn [m.], rheolaeth [f.], tiriogaeth [-au, f.] { <B>Dominiwn</B> is a dominion. } { <B>Rheolaeth</B> is the abstract concept of dominion. } { <B>Tiriogaeth</B> is a dominion as a political division. } have dominion - (v.) arglwyddiaethu [arglwyddiaeth-] don - (v.) gwisgo [gwisg-] donation - (n.) rhodd [-ion, f.] done - (adj.) digon { <B>Digon</B> is used in cooking to mean something is done. } donkey - (n.) as [f.], asyn [-nod, m.], mul [-od, m.] donor - (n.) rhoddwr [rhoddwyr, m.] doom - (n.) barn [-au, f.], collfarn [-au, f.], dedfryd [-au, -on, f.], tynged [tynghedau, f.] doom - (v.) collfarnu [collfarn-], dedfrydu [dedfryd-], tynghedu [tynghed-] door - (n.) do+r [dorau, f.], drws [drysau, m.], porth [pyrth, m.] door hinge - (n.) bach drws, colyn drws next door - (adj.) drws nesaf outer door - (n.) rhagddor [-au, f.] doorframe - (n.) hiniog [-au, f.] doorkeeper - (n.) drysor [-ion, m.], porthor [-ion, m.] doorpost - (n.) amhiniog (amhinog) [-ion, -au, m.], cynnor [cynhorau, cynhorion, fm.], gorsin (gorsing) [-au, f.] dormant - (adj.) di-rym (dirym), ynghwsg { <B>Di-rym (dirym)</B> is dormant in the sense of powerless. } { <B>Ynghwsg</B> is dormant in the sense of sleeping. } dormitory - (n.) hundy [hundai, m.], ystafell gysgu dormouse - (n.) pathew [-od, m.] dose - (n.) dogn [-au, m.] dose - (v.) dogni [dogn-] dot - (n.) dot [-iau, mf.] doting lover - (n.) orohi%an [f.] dot - (v.) dotio [doti-] dotage - (n.) penwendid [m.], plentynrwydd henaint dote - (v.) dotio [doti-], dylu [dyl- {only imperf. & plup. forms exist}], ffoli [ffol-], gwirioni [gwirion-], ymserchu [ymserch-] double - (adj.) deublyg, dwbl, dyblyg double chin - (n.) tagell [-au, tegyll, f.] double - (n.) dwbl [dyblau, m.], plyg [-ion, -iau, m.] double - (v.) dyblu [dybl-], dyblygu [dyblyg-], plygu [plyg-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. plyg] double-chinned - (adj.) tagellog doubt - (n.) amau [amheuon, m.], amheuaeth [-au, f.], amheuedd [m.], ansicrwydd [m.], dadl [-euon, -au, f.], petruster [m.] doubt - (v.) amau [amheu- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, ameu- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], petruso [petrus-] doubter - (n.) amheuwr [amheuwyr, m.] doubtful - (adj.) amheuol, amheus, annilys, ansicr, petrus doubting - (adj.) amheuol, amheus doubtless - (adj.) diamau, diamheuaeth, diau dough - (n.) toes [m.] doughty - (adj.) dewr [pl. -ion], glew [pl. -ion], pybyr dove - (n.) colomen [-nod, f.] dove-cot - (n.) colomendy [colomendai, m.] dovelike - (adj.) colomennaidd dowager - (n.) gweddw waddolog dowdy - (adj.) afle+r, salw, tlodaidd dower - (n.) cynhysgaeth [f.] dower - (v.) gwaddoli [gwaddol-] down - (adv.) obry bog down - (n.) pa+n [m.] bow down - (v.) ymgrymu [ymgrym-] fall down - (v.) creinio [creini-] go down - (v.) machlud (machludo) [machlud-] going down - (n.) machludiad [-au, m.] let down - (v.) disgyn [disgynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, disgyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. disgyn] lie down - (v.) creinio [creini-] put down - (v.) gostwng [gostyng-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gostwng] down - (n.) gwaun [gweunydd, f.], mynydd-dir [m.], rhos [-ydd, f.] { <B>Gwaun</B> is the kind of down in which you take a walk. } { <B>Mynydd-dir</B> is the kind of down in which you take a walk. } { <B>Rhos</B> is the kind of down in which you take a walk. } down - (n.pl.) manblu { <B>Manblu</B> is the kind of down you find in pillows. } down - (prep.) i lawr, i waered downcast - (adj.) penisel download - (v.) llawrlwytho [llawrlwyth-] dowry - (n.) agweddi [m.], gwaddol [-ion, mf.] doxology - (n.) mawlgan [-euon, f.] doyen - (n.) aelod hynaf, hynafddyn [-ion, m.] doze - (n.) cyntun [m.] doze - (v.) amrantuno [amrantun-], hepian [hepi-], pendwmpian [pendwmpi-, pendympi-] dozen - (adj.) deuddeg dozen - (n.) dwsin [-au, m.] drab - (adj.) llwydaidd, llwydwyn, salw draff - (n.) soeg [-au?, m.] draft (draught) - (n.) archeb [-ion, f.], cynllun [-iau, m.], dracht [-iau, mf.], drafft [-iau?, f.?], gwynt [-oedd, m.], llusg [-ion, m.], llwnc [llynciadau, m.], llymaid (llymed) [llymeidiau, m.], llynciad [-au, m.], mintai [minteioedd, f.] { <B>Archeb</B> is a draft (draught) that puts you in the army. } { <B>Cynllun</B> is a draft (draught) that is a preliminary document. } { <B>Dracht</B> is the kind of draft (draught) that is on tap at the pub. } { <B>Drafft</B> is a draft (draught) that is either a preliminary document or a gust of wind. } { <B>Gwynt</B> is a draft (draught) that blows under the door. } { <B>Llwnc</B> is a draft (draught) that you swallow. } { <B>Llymaid (llymed)</B> is a draft (draught) that you swallow. } { <B>Mintai</B> is a draft (draught) that has been put into the army. } draft (draught) - (v.) tynnu [tynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, tyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. tyn, tynn; 2.s.imp. tyn] drafty (draughty) - (adj.) drafftiog drag - (n.) llusg [-ion, m.] drag - (v.) dragio [dragi-], llusgo [llusg-] dragger - (n.) llusgwr [llusgwyr, m.] dragnet - (n.) ballegrwyd [-au, f.] dragon - (n.) draig [dreigiau, f.] dragon-fly - (n.) gwas y neidr dragoon - (n.) marchfilwr [marchfilwyr, m.] drain - (n.) carthffos [-ydd, f.], ceuffos [-ydd, f.], traen [-iau, m.] drain - (v.) disbyddu [disbydd-], hysbyddu [hysbydd-], sychu [sych-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. sych], treinio [treini-] drake - (n.) adiad [m.], barlad [-au?, m.], ceiliog hwyad, marlad [m.], meilart [-od, m.] drama - (n.) chwaraegerdd [-i, f.], drama [-u?, f.] dramatic - (adj.) dramatig dramatist - (n.) dramodwr [dramodwyr, m.], dramodydd [-ion, m.] drape - (v.) gwisgo [gwisg-] draper - (n.) dilledydd [-ion, m.] linen draper - (n.) llieiniwr [llieinwyr, m.] drastic - (adj.) cryf [f. cref; pl. -ion; cryf- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], llym [f. llem; pl. -ion; llym- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], trwyadl, trylwyr draughtboard - (n.) tawlbwrdd [tawlbyrddau, m.] draw - (n.) tynfa [tynfeydd, f.] draw near - (v.) agosa/u [agos- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>], dynesu [dynes-], nesa/u [nes- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>], nesu [nes-], ymnesa/u [ymnes- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>] draw - (v.) arlunio [arluni-], denu [den-], gwehynnu [gwehynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, gwehyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], llusgo [llusg-], tynnu [tynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, tyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. tyn, tynn; 2.s.imp. tyn] { <B>Arlunio</B> is draw when you put lines on paper. } { <B>Denu</B> is draw when you entice someone. } { <B>Llusgo</B> is draw when you drag something. } { <B>Tynnu</B> is draw when you drag something. } drawer - (n.) dra+r [m.], dro+r [mf.] drawing - (n.) arlun [-iau, m.] drawing of a bow - (n.) aneliad [-au, m.] drawl - (v.) llusgo [llusg-], llusgo geiriau dray - (n.) men bragydd dread - (n.) arswyd [m.], arynaig [m.], braw [-iau, m.], ofn [-au, m.], ofnadwyaeth [f.] { <B>Braw</B> is not something I would normally expect to be used for "dread" -- more surprise. } { <B>Ofn</B> is dread of something bad. } dread - (v.) arswydo [arswyd-], ofni [ofn-] dreadful - (adj.) abrwysgl, arswydus, ofnadwy dream - (n.) breuddwyd [-ion, mf.] dream - (v.) breuddwydio [breuddwydi-] dreamer - (n.) breuddwydiwr [breuddwydwyr, m.] dreaming - (adj.) breuddwydiol dreamy - (adj.) breuddwydiol dreary - (adj.) diflas [diflas- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], digysur, llwm [f. llom; pl. llymion] dredge - (v.) glanhau [glan- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] { "Glanhau" is accented on the final syllable, in contrast to the usual rule. } dregs - (n.pl.) gwaddod [-ion, m.], gwaelod [-ion, m.], gwehilion, sorod drench - (v.) gwlychu [gwlych-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gwlych], trochi [troch-; 3.s. trych*] dress - (n.) diwyg [m.], gwisg [-oedd, f.], trwsiad [m.] dress of religious order - (n.) abid [mf.] dress - (v.) cyweirio [cyweiri-], gwisgo [gwisg-], trin [trini-], trwsio [trwsi-] dresser - (n.) seld [-au, f.] dribble - (v.) defnynnu [defnynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, defnyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], diferu [difer-], diferynnu [diferynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, diferyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] drift - (n.) lluchfa [lluchfeydd, f.], rhediad [-au, m.] { <B>Lluchfa</B> is the kind of drift made of snow. } { <B>Rhediad</B> is drift as an abstract concept. } } drift - (v.) lluchio [lluchi-], mynd gyda'r llif drill - (n.) dril [-iau, m.] drill - (v.) drilio [drili-] drink - (n.) diod [-ydd, f.], llymaid (llymed) [llymeidiau, m.], llyn [-noedd, -nau, m.] drink deeply - (v.) drachtio [drachti-] drinking glass - (n.) gwydryn [gwydrau, m.] give drink - (v.) diodi [diod-] drink - (v.) yfed [yf-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. yf] drinker - (n.) diotwr [diotwyr, m.], yfwr [yfwyr, m.] moderate drinker - (n.) cymedrolwr [cymedrolwyr, m.] drip - (n.) diferiad [-au, m.] drip - (v.) defni [defn-], defnynnu [defnynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, defnyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], diferu [difer-] dripping - (adj.) diferol dripping - (n.) saim [seimiau, m.] dripping - (n.pl.) toddion drive - (v.) cethrenu (cathrenu) [cethren-, cathren-], dreifio [dreifi-], gwthio [gwthi-], gyrru [gyrr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, gyr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gyr], hel [heli-], ymlid [ymlid-] { <B>Cethrenu (cathrenu)</B> is drive in the sense of goad. } { <B>Dreifio</B> is to drive a car. } { <B>Gwthio</B> is drive when you push something. } { <B>Gyrru</B> is to drive a car or machine, or to drive animals (move them in a convoy -- "gyr o wartheg": a drove of cattle). When it applies to a car, it often has the sense of driving too fast. } { <B>Hel</B> is the sort of driving one does with cattle, when it means "gather together", or "bring to one place" or "send from a place" ("cer i hel y plant o'r buarth" -- go and drive the children out of the yard). } { <B>Ymlid</B> is drive when you chase something away. } drive fast - (v.) goryrru [goryrru-] hard disk drive - (n.) gyrrwr disg galed drivel - (n.pl.) glafoerion drivel - (v.) dreflu [drefl-], driflan [driflan-], glafoerio [glafoeri-] driven snow - (n.) manod [m.] driver - (n.) gyriedydd [-ion, m.], gyrrwr (gyrriedydd) [gyrwyr, m.] drizzle - (n.) glaw ma+n drizzle - (v.) defnynnu [defnynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, defnyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], gwlitho [gwlith-] droll - (adj.) digrif (digrifol), ysmala drollery - (n.) ysmaldod [m.] dromedary - (n.) dromedari [-%od?, m.] drone - (n.) diogyn [m.], gwenynen ormes { <B>Diogyn</B> is the drone who is an idle person. } { <B>Gwenynen ormes</B> is the drone that is a sound. } droop - (v.) llaesu [llaes-], nychu [nych-], pendrymu [pendrym-], ymollwng [ymollyng-] { <B>Llaesu</B> is droop when you bend down. } { <B>Nychu</B> is droop when you lose vitality. } { <B>Pendrymu</B> is droop when you lose vitality. } { <B>Ymollwng</B> is droop when you bend down. } drop - (n.) dafn [-au, m.], defnyn [-nau, m.], diferyn [-nau, diferion, m.] drop kick - (n.) cic adlam drop - (v.) defnynnu [defnynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, defnyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], diferu [difer-], dihidlo [dihidl-], disgyn [disgynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, disgyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. disgyn], gollwng [gollyng-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gollwng], ymollwng [ymollyng-] { <B>Defnynnu</B> is drop when something falls in drops. } { <B>Diferu</B> is drop when something falls in drops. } { <B>Dihidlo</B> is drop when something falls in drops. } { <B>Disgyn</B> is drop when you fall. } { <B>Gollwng</B> is drop when you let something fall. } { <B>Ymollwng</B> is drop when sink down. } dropping - (adj.) diferol dropsy - (n.) dropsi [m.], dyfrglwyf [m.] dross - (n.) sothach [m.] dross - (n.pl.) sorod drought - (n.) sychder [m.], sychdwr [sychdwyr, m.], tywydd sych drove - (n.) cenfaint [cenfeiniau, cenfeintiau, f.], diadell [-au, -oedd, f.], gyr [-roedd, m.], haid [heidiau, f.], mintai [minteioedd, f.] drover - (n.) gyrrwr (gyrriedydd) [gyrwyr, m.], porthmon [porthmyn, m.] drown - (v.) boddi [bodd-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. bawdd] drowse - (v.) pendrymu [pendrym-] drowsiness - (n.) cysgadrwydd [m.], trymder [m.] drowsy - (adj.) cysglyd, hwyrdrwm, marwaidd, pendrwm, swrth [f. sorth] drub - (v.) baeddu (maeddu) [baedd-, maedd-], cystwyo [cystwy-], ffustio (ffusto) [ffusti-, ffust-] drudge - (n.) slaf [-iaid, m.] drudge - (v.) slafio [slafi-] drug - (n.) cyffur (cyffer) [-iau, m.], meddyglyn [-noedd, m.] druggist - (n.) cyffuriwr [cyffurwyr, m.] druid - (n.) derwydd [-on, m.] druidic - (adj.) derwyddol druidical - (adj.) derwyddol druidism - (n.) derwyddiaeth [f.] drum - (n.) drwm [drymiau, m.], tabwrdd [tabyrddau, m.], tympan [-au, f.] drum - (v.) tabyrddu [tabyrdd-] drummer - (n.) tabyrddwr [tabyrddwyr, m.] drunk - (adj.) brwysg, meddw [pl. -on] get drunk - (v.) meddwi [meddw-] drunkard - (n.) meddwyn [meddwon, m.] drunken - (adj.) abrwysg, meddw [pl. -on] drunkenness - (n.) meddwdod [m.] dry - (adj.) caled [pl. -ion; calet- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], cras [pl. creision], crin [pl. -ion], hysb [f. hesb; pl. hysbion], sych [f. sech; pl. -ion], sychedig, sychlyd { <B>Caled</B> is dry when it means solid (as opposed to liquid). } dry hard - (v.) sychgoli [sychgol-] { <B>Sychgoli</B> means dry hard when speaking of soil. } dry in the sun - (v.) cynaeafa (cynhaeafa) [cynaeaf-] dry up - (v.) crino [crin-], sychu [sych-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. sych] very dry - (adj.) sychgola wipe dry - (v.) sychu [sych-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. sych] dry - (v.) caledu [caled-], gwystno [gwystn-], hysbio [hysbi-], sychu [sych-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. sych] { <B>Caledu</B> is dry when it means harden. } { <B>Gwystno</B> is dry when it means wither. } dryness - (n.) craster [m.], sychder [m.] dual - (adj.) deuol duality - (n.) deuoliaeth [-au, f.] dub - (v.) dwbio [dwbi-], galw [galw-; 3.s. geilw; 2.s.imp. galw], llysenwi [llysenw-], urddo [urdd-] { <B>Dwbio</B> is dub when you make something smooth, as with plaster. } { <B>Galw</B> is dub when you confer a nickname on someone. } { <B>Llysenwi</B> is dub when you confer a nickname on someone. } { <B>Urddo</B> is dub when you confer a title on someone. } { If you "call someone" on the phone, you "galw rhywun". "Galw yn" translates the use of "call" that's equivalent to "visit" (or in American "visit with" or "drip in on"), so you "galw yn" someone's house or "galw yn" the office (that is, a specified office). Sometimes, you can "galw ar" someone meaning to "galw yn" their house, but "ymweld a+" is more correct than "galw ar" in this sense. "Galw ar" is equivalent to the English "call upon (someone to do)": "galwaf ar fy nhgyd-Gymry i sefyll yn y bwlch" "I will call upon my fellow Welshmen to stand in the gap". } dubious - (adj.) amheus, petrus Dublin - (prop.n.) Dulyn duchess - (n.) duges [-au, f.] duchy - (n.) dugiaeth [-au, f.] duck - (n.) hwyad (hwyaden) [hwyaid, f.] duck - (v.) gostwng pen, gwyro [gwyr-], trochi [troch-; 3.s. trych*] { <B>Gostwng pen</B> is duck when you lower your head. } { <B>Gwyro</B> is duck when you lower your head. } { <B>Trochi</B> is duck in the sense of dunk. } duckling - (n.) cyw hwyaden ductile - (adj.) hyblyg, hydyn, ystwyth dude - (n.) coegyn [-nod, m.] dudgeon - (n.) dig [m.], llid [-au, m.], natur ddrwg due - (adj.) dyladwy, dyledus due to - (prep.) o achos due - (n.) dyled [-ion, f.], haeddiant [haeddiannau, m.] duel - (n.) ornest [-au, f.] duet (duett) - (n.) deuawd [-au, mf.] duffer - (n.) brebwl [brebyliaid, m.], hurtyn [-nod, m.], penbwl [penbyliaid, m.] dug - (n.) piw [-od, -au, m.] duke - (n.) dug (duc) [-iaid, m.] dukedom - (n.) dugiaeth [-au, f.] dulcet - (adj.) hyfryd [hyfryt- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], melys [pl. -ion; melys- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], pe+r dull - (adj.) cymylog, diflas [diflas- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], dwl [f. dol; dyl- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], hurt, hwyrdrwm, marwaidd, mud, pw+l, twp [twp- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>] { <B>Cymylog</B> is dull in the sense of cloudy. } { <B>Diflas</B> is dull in the sense of boring. } { <B>Dwl</B> is dull as in stupid. } { <B>Hurt</B> is dull as in stupid. } { <B>Hwyrdrwm</B> is dull in the sense of sluggish. } { <B>Marwaidd</B> is dull in the sense of sluggish. } { <B>Mud</B> is dull as in stupid. } { <B>Pw+l</B> is dull as in blunt or cloudy. } { <B>Twp</B> is dull as in stupid. } dull - (v.) lleddfu [lleddf-], pylu [pyl-] { <B>Lleddfu</B> is dull when you dull pain. } { <B>Pylu</B> is dull when you dull a knife. } dullard - (n.) hurtyn [-nod, m.] dullness - (n.) pylni [m.] dumb - (adj.) mud dumb terminal - (n.) terfynnell fud dumb woman - (n.) mudanes [-au, f.] dumbfound - (v.) drysu [drys-], pensyfrdanu [pensyfrdan-] dummy - (n.) delw [-au, f.], ffug [-ion, m.], mudan [-od, m.], pegor [-au, m.] { <B>Delw</B> is the kind of dummy on which you hang clothes. } { <B>Ffug</B> is a dummy that is a sham article. } { <B>Mudan</B> is a dummy that is a mute person. } { <B>Pegor</B> is the kind of dummy on which you hang clothes. } dump - (v.) gollwng i lawr, taflu i lawr dumpling - (n.) poten [-ni, f.], tymplen [-ni?, f.] dumps - (n.pl.) iselder ysbryd dun - (adj.) gwrm dun - (v.) gwasgu am dalu dyled dunce - (n.) delff [m.], hurtyn [-nod, m.], penbwl [penbyliaid, m.] dunderhead - (n.) hurtyn [-nod, m.], penbwl [penbyliaid, m.] dune - (n.) tywodfryn [-iau, m.], tywyn [-nau, m.] dung - (n.) baw [m.], biswail [m.], tail [m.], tom [f.] dung - (v.) teilo [teil-], tomi [tom-] dungeon - (n.) daeardy [daeardai, m.], daeargell [-oedd, -au, f.] dunghill - (n.) tomen [-nydd, f.] dunk - (v.) trochi [troch-; 3.s. trych*] duoglot - (adj.) dwyieithog (dwyieithiol) dupe - (n.) ehud [m.] dupe - (v.) ehudo [ehud-], twyllo [twyll-] duplicate - (adj.) dyblyg duplicate - (n.) copi [-%au, m.] duplicate - (v.) atyblu (ad-ddyblu, atddyblu) [atybl-, ad-ddybl-, atddybl-], dyblygu [dyblyg-] duplicity - (n.) dichell [-ion, f.], rhagrith [-ion, m.] durable - (adj.) cryf [f. cref; pl. -ion; cryf- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], par.haol, par.haus duration - (n.) par.had [m.] during - (prep.) yn ystod dusk - (n.) cyflychwr [cyflychwyr, m.], cyfnos [-au, m.], dechreunos [f.], gwyll [-ion, m.], llwydnos [f.] dusky - (adj.) croenddu, pygddu, tywyll [f. tywell] dust - (n.) lluwch [m.], llwch [m.], pylor [m.] particle of dust - (n.) llychyn [m.] dust - (n.pl.) mwnws dust - (v.) sychu llwch, taenu llwch dusty - (adj.) llychlyd dutiful - (adj.) ufudd, ufuddgar duty - (n.) dyled [-ion, f.], dyletswydd [-au, f.], toll [-au, f.] { <B>Dyled</B> is a duty that is an obligation. } { <B>Dyletswydd</B> is a duty that is an obligation. } { <B>Toll</B> is the type of duty you pay when you enter a country. } dwarf - (adj.) corachaidd dwarf - (n.) cor [-rod, m.], coraches [-au, f.], corrach [corachod, m.], pegor [-au, m.] { <B>Coraches</B> is a female dwarf, midget, or pygmy. } { <B>Corrach</B> is a male dwarf, midget, or pygmy. } dwell - (v.) cyfanheddu [cyfanhedd-], preswylio [preswyli-], trigiannu [trigiann- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, trigian- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], trigo [trig-] dweller - (n.) preswylydd [-ion, preswylwyr, m.] dwellers - (n.pl.) trigolion dwelling - (n.) addef [m.], annedd [anheddau, mf.], preswyl (preswylfod) [m.], preswylfa [preswylfeydd, f.] summer dwelling - (n.) hafod [-ydd, f.] winter dwelling - (n.) hendref [-i, -ydd, f.] dwelling-place - (n.) anheddfa [anheddfeydd, -oedd, f.], anheddle [aneddleoedd, m.], trigfa [trigfeydd, f.], trigfan [-nau, f.] dwindle - (v.) darfod [dar- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.5. The -bod and -fod Endings">&fod</A>], dirywio [dirywi-], lleihau [llei- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] { (perish} <B>Darfod</B> is perish when something dies. } dye - (n.) lliw [-iau, m.], lliwur [m.?] dye - (v.) llifo [llif-], lliwio [lliwi-] dyer - (n.) llifwr [llifwyr, m.], lliwydd [-ion, m.] dyke - (n.) argae [-au, m.], clawdd [cloddiau, m.], ffos [-ydd, f.] dynamic - (adj.) deinamig, dynamig dynamics - (n.) dynameg [f.] dynamo - (n.) deinamo [-au?, m.] dynasty - (n.) brenhinllin (brenhinlin) [f.], teyrnach [-au, -oedd, f.] dysentery - (n.) gwaedlif [m.] dyspepsia - (n.) camdreuliad [m.], diffyg traul </PRE><H2><A NAME="E">E</A></H2> <PRE> each - (adj.) pob each - (pron.) pob un eager - (adj.) awchus, awyddfrydig, awyddus eagerness - (n.) awydd [-au, m.] eagle - (n.) eryr [-od, m.], eryres [-au, f.] eagle-like - (adj.) eryraidd ear - (n.) clust [-iau, mf.], dolen [-ni, -nau, f.] { <B>Clust</B> is either the organ that hears or a handle shaped like such an organ. } { <B>Dolen</B> is an ear that is a loop, like the ear of a pitcher. } box on the ear - (n.) bonclust [-iau, m.] ear of corn - (n.) tywysen [tywys, -nau, f.] hang ears - (v.) moeli [moel-] prick up one's ears - (v.) clustfeinio [clustfeini-] ear - (v.) hodi [hod-] earl - (n.) iarll [ieirll, m.] earldom - (n.) iarllaeth [-au, f.] earlier - (adj.) cynt { "Cynt" is the comp. of "cynnar" and "cyflym". } early - (adj.) bore, boreol, cynnar [cynhar- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>; cynted; cynt; cyntaf] very early - (adj.) plygeiniol early - (adv.) yn fore earn - (v.) elwa [elw-], ennill [enill-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. ennill] earnest - (adj.) difrif, difrifol, taer earnest - (n.) ern (ernes) [-au, f.] earnest - (v.) gwystl [gwystl-] earnestness - (n.) difrif [m.], difrifwch (difrifoldeb) [m.], taerineb (taerni) [m.] earnings - (n.pl.) ennill [enillion, m.] earring - (n.) clustlws [clustlysau, m.] earth - (n.) daear [-oedd, f.], daer [f.], gweryd [-au, -on, m.], llawr [lloriau, m.], pridd [m.], priddyn [m.] { <B>Daear</B> is the planet and the substance and probably the electrical sink. } { <B>Llawr</B> is that which is not "lloft", ground, floor, ground floor, foundation, and not relevant here but also story (storey) and so on. It need not be an indoors thing, a "llawr dyrnu" would be a threshing floor, "llawr gwlad" would be low-lying land (as opposed to hillsides). } { <B>Pridd</B> is earth or ground as a substance. } earth digger - (n.) jac-codi-baw [m.] { Earth diggers in the UK are largely made by a company known as JCB, and some wag decided that this stood for "Jac Codi Baw" (Jack Lifts Dirt), by which they are now popularly known. } earth - (v.) daearu [daear-], priddo [pridd-] earthenware vessel - (n.) priddlestr [-i, m.] earthly - (adj.) daearol earthquake - (n.) daeargryn [-fa+u, -feydd, mf.] earthworm - (n.) abwyd (abwydyn) [abwydod, m.] earthy - (adj.) daearol, priddlyd ease - (n.) esmwytha+d [m.], esmwythder (esmwythdra) [m.], esmwythyd [m.], hawddfyd [m.], hwylustod [m.], rhwyddineb [m.] { <B>Esmwytha+d</B> is the kind of ease you receive from pain. } { <B>Esmwythder (esmwythdra)</B> is the kind of ease you receive from pain. } { <B>Esmwythyd</B> is the kind of ease of which rich people experience a life. } { <B>Rhwyddineb</B> is the kind of ease you have when you are proficient at something. } chapel of ease - (n.) capel anwes ease - (v.) esmwytho (esmwytha/u) [esmwyth-, esmwyth- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>], lliniaru [lliniar-] easier - (adj.) haws { "Haws" is the comp. of "hawdd". } easily remembered, not - (adj.) anhygof east - (n. & adj.) dwyrain [m.] Easter - (prop.n.) Pasg [m.] easterly - (adj.) dwyreiniol eastern - (adj.) dwyreiniol easterner - (n.) dwyreiniwr [dwyreinwyr, m.] easy - (adj.) esmwyth, hawdd [hawdd- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>; hawsed; haws; hawsaf], hwylus, rhwydd, syml [f. seml; syml- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>] { <B>Hawdd</B> is really the word for "easy" meaning "easily accomplished". } { <B>Syml</B> is, as "simple" used to be, something to do with uncomplicated structure (simplex vs. complex), but has come to mean easily done in the same way as the English. } eat - (v.) bwyta [bwyt- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>; 3.s. bwyty; 2.s.imp. bwyta+], llewa [llew-], pori [por-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. pawr], ysu [ys-] { <B>Bwyta</B> is eat the way you and I do, and the general term for consuming food. } { <B>Llewa</B> is to eat the way a "llew" (lion) eats, hence to devour. } { <B>Pori</B> is to eat "porfa" (pasture) and so "to graze". } { <B>Ysu</B> can be a general word for eat, but it is closer to "consume". It can be used of inanimate objects, such as to describe what a fire does to an object. } eat together - (v.) cydfwyta [cydfwyt-] eatable - (adj.) bwytadwy eaten with bread, relish - (n.) enllyn [m.] eater - (n.) bwytawr [bwytawyr, m.] eaves - (n.) bargod [-ion, m.], bondo [m.] eavesdrop - (v.) clustfeinio [clustfeini-] ebb - (n.) adlif [-oedd, m.], distyll [-ion, m.], trai [m.] ebb - (v.) treio [trei-] ebullient - (adj.) afieithus, berwedig, toreithiog ebullition - (n.) berw [-on, m.] eccentric - (adj.) echreiddig, hynod, od [odi- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>] { <B>Echreiddig</B> is eccentric when referring to an orbit. } { <B>Hynod</B> is eccentric in the sense of curious. } ecclesiastic - (adj.) eglwysig ecclesiastic - (n.) clerigwr [clerigwyr, m.] ecclesiastical - (adj.) eglwysig echo - (n.) adlais [adleisiau, m.], adlef [f.], atsain [atseiniau, f.], carreg ateb echo - (v.) adleisio [adleisi-], atseinio (atsain) [atseini-] eclipse - (n.) diffyg [-ion, m.] eclipse - (v.) cymylu [cymyl-], tywyllu [tywyll-] ecliptic - (n.) rhod [-au, f.] ecology - (n.) ecoleg [f.] economic - (adj.) economaidd economical - (adj.) cynnil, darbodus economics - (n.) economeg [f.] economist - (n.) economegwr [economegwyr, m.] economize - (v.) cynilo [cynil-] economy - (n.) cynildeb [m.], darbodaeth [f.] ecstasy - (n.) gorawen [f.], gorfoledd [m.], hwyl [-iau, f.], perlewyg [-on, m.] ecumenical (oecumenical) - (adj.) byd-eang, cyffredinol, eciwmenaidd eddy - (n.) trobwll [trobyllau, m.] eddy - (v.) chwyrli%o [chwyrli%-], troi [tro- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>; 3.s. try; 2.s.imp. tro] edge - (n.) awch [m.], blaen [-au, -ion, m.], cwr [cyrrau, m.], cyfor [m.], dibl [-au, m.], godre [-on, m.], min [-ion, m.], ymyl [-au, -on, mf.] { <B>Blaen</B> is an edge that is the frontmost part of something. } { <B>Cwr</B> is the edge that is the outer limit of an area. } { <B>Cyfor</B> is the edge that is the rim of something. } { <B>Dibl</B> is the edge that is the outer limit of an area. } { <B>Godre</B> is the edge you have where a garment ends. } { <B>Min</B> is the kind of edge a sword has. } { <B>Ymyl</B> is the edge that is the outer limit of an area. } teeth on edge - (n.) deincod (dincod) [m.] edge - (v.) hogi [hog-], minio [mini-] edible - (adj.) bwytadwy edict - (n.) cyhoeddiad [-au, m.], gorchymyn [gorchmynion, m.] edification - (n.) adeiladaeth [-au, f.] edifice - (n.) adail [f.], adeilad (adeiliad) [-au, -oedd, mf.], adeiladaeth [-au, f.] edify - (v.) adeiladu (adeiliadu) [adeilad-, adeiliad-] edifying - (adj.) adeiladol (adeiliadol) Edinburgh - (prop.n.) Caeredin edit - (v.) golygu [golyg-], paratoi i'r wasg edition - (n.) argraffiad [-au, m.] editor - (n.) golygydd [-ion, golygwyr, m.] editorial - (adj.) golygyddol editorial - (n.) golygyddol [m.] editorship - (n.) golygyddiaeth [f.] educate - (v.) addysgu [addysg-] education - (n.) addysg [f.] educational - (adj.) addysgol educationist - (n.) addysgiaethwr [addysgiaethwyr, m.] educator - (n.) addysgwr [addysgwyr, m.], addysgydd [-ion, m.] eduction - (n.) edwythiad [-au, m.] Edward - (prop.n.) Iorwerth eel - (n.) llysywen [llysywod, llyswennod, f.] catch eels - (v.) llysywenna [llysywenn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, llysywen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] catch sand eels - (v.) llymrieita [llymrieit-] sand eel - (n.) llymri%en [llymri%aid, f.] efface - (v.) dileu [dile-] effect - (n.) canlyniad [-au, m.], effaith [effeithiau, f.], perwyl [-ion?, m.] effect - (v.) effeithio [effeithi-] effective - (adj.) effeithiol effectiveness - (n.) effeithiolrwydd [m.] effectual - (adj.) effeithiol render effectual - (v.) effeithioli [effeithiol-] effeminate - (adj.) benywaidd, merchedaidd effervesce - (v.) berwi [berw-], eferwi [eferw-] effervescence - (n.) eferwad [m.] effete - (adj.) darfodedig, di-rym (dirym), diffrwyth efficacious - (adj.) effeithiol efficacy - (n.) effeithiolrwydd [m.] efficiency - (n.) effeithlonrwydd [m.] efficient - (adj.) cymwys, effeithiol effigy - (n.) delw [-au, f.], llun [-iau, m.] efflux of river from lake - (n.) bala [m.] effort - (n.) egni [-%on, m.], gnif [m.], hwb [hybiau, m.], ymadferth [-oedd, m.], ymdrech [-ion, mf.], ymgais [ymgeisiadau, mf.] effrontery - (n.) digywilydd-dra [m.], haerllugrwydd [m.] effulgence - (n.) disgleirdeb (disgleirder) [m.], llewyrch [m.] effuse - (v.) alledu [alled-], tywallt [tywallt-] effusion - (n.) taenelliad [m.] egg - (n.) wy [-au, m.] lay eggs - (v.) dodwy [dodwy-] egg - (v.) annog [anog-; 3.s. annog, ennyg*; 2.s.imp. annog], annos [annos-] egotism - (n.) egotistiaeth [f.], myfi%aeth [f.] egotistic - (adj.) myfi%ol egregious - (adj.) amlwg [amlyc- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], dybryd, hynod egress - (n.) allanfa [allanfeydd, f.], mynediad allan Egypt - (prop.n.) Yr Aifft, Yr Aifft [m.] Egyptian - (adj.) Eifftaidd Egyptian - (n.) Eifftes [-au, f.], Eifftiad [Eifftiaid, m.], Eifftiwr [Eifftwyr, m.] eight - (adj.) wyth eight - (n.) wyth [-au, m.] eighteen - (adj.) deunaw eighteen inches - (n.) cyfelin [-au, f.] eighteen - (n.) un deg wyth eighteenth - (adj.) deunawfed eightfold - (adj.) wythblyg eighth - (adj.) wythfed eighth - (n.) wythfed [-i?, m.] eighty - (n.) pedwar ugain, wyth deg eisteddfod - (n.) eisteddfod [-au, f.] { An eisteddfod is a Welsh cultural festival. The principal eisteddfod is the "Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Frenhinol Cymru", the Welsh National Royal Eisteddfod, which takes place annually in August. } either - (adj.) un o'r ddau nor either - (adv.) chwaith either - (adv.) ychwaith either - (conj.) ai, naill ejaculate - (v.) ebychu [ebych-], gweiddi (gwaeddi) [gweidd-, gwaedd-], saethu [saeth-] { <B>Ebychu</B> is when you ejaculate words. } { <B>Gweiddi (gwaeddi)</B> is when you ejaculate words. } { <B>Saethu</B> is when you ejaculate a substance. } ejaculation - (n.) ebychiad [-au, m.] eject - (v.) bwrw allan, diarddel [diarddel-] { <B>Bwrw allan</B> is eject when you send something out forcefully. } { <B>Diarddel</B> is eject in a social sense. } eke - (v.) crafu [craf-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. craf], hel [heli-] elaborate - (adj.) llafurfawr, manwl [manyl- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>] elaborate - (v.) manylu [manyl-] elapse - (v.) mynd heibio, treiglo [treigl-] elastic - (adj.) hydwyth, ystwyth elastic - (n.) lastig [-au?, m.] elasticity - (n.) hydwythedd [m.] elation - (n.) gorawen [f.] elbow - (n.) elin [-au, -oedd, f.], penelin [-oedd, mf.] elbow - (v.) elino [elin-], penelino [penelin-] elder - (n.) blaenor [-iaid, m.], henuriad [henuriaid, m.], hynafgwr (henafgwr) [hynafgwyr, henafgwyr, m.], ysgawen [ysgaw, f.] { <B>Blaenor</B> is the kind of elder a church has. } { <B>Henuriad</B> is the kind of elder a church has. } { <B>Hynafgwr (henafgwr)</B> is the elder that is an old man, with no indication of esteemed status. } { <B>Ysgawen</B> is an elder tree. } elect - (adj.) darpar, etholedig [pl. -ion] elect - (v.) dewis [dewis-], ethol [ethol-] election - (n.) etholedigaeth [-au, f.], etholiad [-au, m.] { <B>Etholedigaeth</B> is the theological concept of election. } { <B>Etholiad</B> is the kind of election that puts people in office. } elector - (n.) etholwr [etholwyr, m.], etholydd [-ion, m.] electorate - (n.) etholaeth [-au, f.] electric - (adj.) trydanol electrical - (adj.) trydanol electrical main - (n.) prif gebl electricity - (n.) gwefr [f.], trydan [m.], trydaniaeth [f.] electrify - (v.) gwefreiddio [gwefreiddi-], trydanu [trydan-] electrifying - (adj.) gwefreiddiol eleemosynary - (adj.) elusennol elegance - (n.) ceinder [m.], coethder [m.], dillynder [m.] elegant - (adj.) cain [pl. ceinion; cein- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], coeth, dillyn, lluniaidd elegy - (n.) galarnad [-au, f.], marwnad [-au, f.] element - (n.) egwyddor [-ion, f.], elfen [-nau, f.] { <B>Egwyddor</B> is the element that is a basic principle. } { <B>Elfen</B> is the element you find in the periodic table or is an ingredient. } elementary - (adj.) elfennol elephant - (n.) cawrfil [-od, m.], eliffant [-od, -iaid, m.] elephantine - (adj.) eliffantaidd elevate - (v.) dyrchafu [dyrchaf-; 3.s. dyrchaif*; 2.s.imp. dyrchaf] elevated - (adj.) bannog elevating - (adj.) dyrchafol elevation - (n.) codiad [-au, m.], drychiad [-au, m.], dyrchafiad [-au, m.], uchder [m.] { <B>Codiad</B> is elevation in the sense of a lifting up. } { <B>Drychiad</B> is the elevation that is a view of one side of a building.? } { <B>Dyrchafiad</B> is elevation in the sense of promotion. } { <B>Uchder</B> is elevation in the sense of a height. } eleven - (n.) un ar ddeg elf - (n.) coblyn [-nod, m.], ellyll [-on, m.] Elias - (prop.n.) Eleias elide - (v.) sein.golli [sein.goll-] eligible - (adj.) cymwys, dewisol, etholadwy Elijah - (prop.n.) Eleias eliminate - (v.) deol [deol-], dileu [dile-] Eliseus - (prop.n.) Eliseus Elisha - (prop.n.) Eliseus elision - (n.) sein.goll [-ion?, m.] Ellen - (prop.n.) Elen ellipse - (n.) elips [-au?, m.?], hirgylch [-au, -oedd, m.] elliptical - (adj.) eliptig, hirgrwn [f. hirgron] elm - (n.) llwyfen (llwyfanen) [llwyf, f.] elocution - (n.) areithyddiaeth [f.] elocutionist - (n.) adroddwr [adroddwyr, m.] elongate - (v.) estyn [estynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, estyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. estyn], hwyhau [hwy- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] eloquence - (n.) aches [m.], cymhendod [m.], huodledd (hyodledd) [m.] eloquent - (adj.) huawdl (hyawdl) [huotl- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], hwyliog, ymadroddus else - (adj.) arall [pl. eraill] or else - (conj.) ynteu (ynte) else - (adv.) amgen (amgenach), onide (onid e), pe amgen elsewhere - (adv.) mewn lle arall elucidate - (v.) egluro [eglur-], goleuo [goleu-] elude - (v.) osgoi [osgo-] { "Osgoi" is accented on the final syllable, in contrast to the normal rule. } elusive - (adj.) ansafadwy, di-ddal, gwibiog Elysium - (n.) gwynfa [gwynfeydd, f.], gwynfyd [-au, m.], paradwys [f.] emaciate - (v.) culhau [cul- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], curio [curi-], teneuo [teneu-] emaciated - (adj.) achul e-mail - (n.) e-bost [m.] e-mail - (v.) e-bostio [e-bosti-] email - (n.) eheb [m.] email correspondence - (n.) ehebiaeth [f.] email message - (n.) ehebiad [-au, m.] email - (v.) ehebu [eheb-] emanate - (v.) deillio [deilli-], llifo [llif-], tarddu [tardd-, 3.s. & 2.s.imp. tardd] emancipate - (v.) rhyddfreinio [rhyddfreini-], rhyddhau [rhydd- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] emancipation - (n.) rhyddhad [m.] emasculate - (v.) disbaddu [disbadd-] embalm - (v.) perarogli corff embankment - (n.) argae [-au, m.], clawdd [cloddiau, m.], co\b [-iau, mf.], morglawdd [morgloddiau, m.] embargo - (n.) embargo [m.], gwaharddiad i hwylio embark - (v.) gosod ar long, hwylio [hwyli-], mynd ar long embarrass - (v.) drysu [drys-], rhwystro [rhwystr-] embarrassed - (adj.) rhwystrus embassy - (n.) llysgenhadaeth [llysgenadaethau, f.] embattle - (v.) byddino [byddin-] embellish - (v.) addurno [addurn-], harddu [hardd-], prydferthu [prydferth-], teca/u [tec- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>], trwsio [trwsi-] ember - (n.) marworyn [marwor, m.], tewyn [-ion, m.] ember day - (n.) catgor [-iau, -au, m.] embers - (n.pl.) marwydos embezzle - (v.) celcio [celci-], darn.guddio [darn.guddi-], lladrata [lladrata-] embitter - (v.) chwerwi [chwerw-] emblazon - (v.) addurno [addurn-], gwychu [gwych-] emblem - (n.) arwyddlun [-iau, m.] emblematic - (adj.) arwyddluniol embodiment - (n.) ymgorfforiad [-au, m.] embody - (v.) corffori [corffor-], ymgorffori [ymgorffor-] emboss - (v.) boglynnu [boglynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, boglyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] embrace - (n.) afflau [m.], co+l [f.], cofl [f.] embrace mutually - (v.) ymgofleidio [ymgofleidi-] embrace - (v.) cofleidio [cofleidi-], ymwasgu [ymwasg-] embrasure - (n.) cloer [-au, -iau, mf.] embrocate - (v.) eneinio [eneini-], iro [ir-] embroider - (v.) brodio [brodi-], brwydo [brwyd-] embroidering frame - (n.) brwyd [-au, m.] embroidery - (n.) brodwaith [brodweithiau, m.], brwydwaith [m.] embroil - (v.) tynnu i ymrafael embryo - (n.) cynelwad [-au?, m.], embryo [m.?] emend - (v.) cywiro [cywir-], diwygio [diwygi-] emerald - (n.) emrallt [m.] emerge - (v.) dod allan, dod i'r golwg emergency - (n.) cyfyngder [-au, m.], taro [m.] emetic - (adj.) yn codi cyfog emetic - (n.) cyfoglyn [-ion?, m.] emigrant - (n.) ymfudwr [ymfudwyr, m.] emigrate - (v.) mudo [mud-], ymfudo [ymfud-] eminent - (adj.) clodfawr, enwog [pl. -ion; enwoc- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], uchel [uched, cyfuwch, cuwch; uwch; uchaf] emissary - (n.) cennad [cenhadau, cenhadon, f.] emit - (v.) bwrw allan, rhoi allan emit sparks - (v.) gwreichioni [gwreichion-] emollient - (adj.) meddalhaol emollient - (n.) meddalydd [-ion, m.] emolument - (n.) cyflog [-au, mf.], elw [m.], ta+l [taliadau, m.] emotion - (n.) annwyd [f.], cyffro [-adau, -au, m.], emosiwn [emosiynau, m.], nwyd [-au, m.], teimlad [-au, m.] emotional - (adj.) emosiynol, teimladol emperor - (n.) ymerawdwr (ymherodr) [ymerawdwyr, m.] emphasis - (n.) pwys [-au, -i, m.], pwyslais [pwysleisiau, m.] emphasize - (v.) pwysleisio [pwysleisi-] emphatic - (adj.) pendant, pwysleisiol empire - (n.) ymerodraeth [-au, f.] empirical - (adj.) empeiraidd empiricism - (n.) empeiraeth [f.] employ - (n.) gorchwyl [-ion, m.] employ - (v.) defnyddio [defnyddi-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. defnydd] employer - (n.) cyflogwr [cyflogwyr, m.] empower - (v.) galluogi [galluog-], grymuso [grymus-], nerthu [nerth-] empress - (n.) ymerodres [-au, f.] emptiness - (n.) adfant [m.], coegedd [m.], gwacter [m.], gwagedd [m.] empty - (adj.) coeg, gorwag, gwag [pl. gweigion], gweili empty oneself - (v.) ymwaca/u [ymwac- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>] empty - (v.) arllwys [arllwys-; 3.s. arllwys], dihysbyddu [dihysbydd-], gwaca/u [gwac- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>], gwagu [gwag-], gwehynnu [gwehynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, gwehyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] empty-handed - (adj.) gwaglaw enable - (v.) galluogi [galluog-] enact - (v.) deddfu [deddf-] enamel - (n.) owmal [m.] encamp - (v.) castellu [castell-], gwersyllu [gwersyll-], lluestu [lluest-], pabellu [pabell-] encampment - (n.) gwersyll [-oedd, m.], lluestfa [lluestfeydd, -oedd, f.] enchant - (v.) cyfareddu [cyfaredd-], swyno [swyn-] enchanter - (n.) hudol [-ion, m.] enchanting - (adj.) cyfareddol, hudol, hudolus enchantment - (n.) hud [-ion, m.], hudoliaeth [-au, f.] enchantress - (n.) hudoles [-au, f.] encircle - (v.) amgylchu [amgylch-] enclose - (v.) amga/u [amg- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>], cau [cae-; 3.s. cae; 2.s.imp. cau, caua, caea] enclosed - (adj.) amgaee%dig enclosed place - (n.) argae [-au, m.] enclosure - (n.) cadlas [cadlesydd, f.], cadlys [-oedd, m.], caeadle [-oedd, m.], coetgae [m.], corlan [-nau, f.], garth [mf.] encompass - (v.) amgylchu [amgylch-], cylchynu [cylchyn-] encounter - (n.) brwydr [-au, f.], ymgyfarfod [-ydd, m.] encounter - (v.) cyfarfod [cyfar- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.5. The -bod and -fod Endings">&fod</A>], taro ar encourage - (v.) annog [anog-; 3.s. annog, ennyg*; 2.s.imp. annog], calonogi [calonog-], cefnogi [cefnog-] encouragement - (n.) calondid [m.], cefnogaeth [f.], symbyliad [m.], ysbrydiaeth [f.] encouraging - (adj.) cefnogol encroach - (v.) cyfyngu [cyfyng-], gormesu [gormes-] encumber - (v.) beichio [beichi-], llesteirio (llestair) [llesteiri-] encyclopedia (encyclopaedia) - (n.) gwyddoniadur [-on, m.] end - (n.) adlaw [m.], blaen [-au, -ion, m.], diben [-ion, m.], dihenydd [dienyddiadau, m.], diwedd [-au, m.], pen [-nau, m.], ta+l [talau, taloedd, m.], terfyn [-au, m.], tranc [m.] { <B>Blaen</B> is end when it is the "pen blaen", the front end, (the other end from the "pen o+l"). "Blaen" and "o+l" are the "deupen" of something. "Blaen" also means the sharp edge (of a knife, argument, etc) or the sharp point (the end of a pencil, the end of a sword). } { <B>Diwedd</B> marks the end of something in time, as in the "end of the semester". } { <B>Pen</B> marks the spatial extent of something, so your "pen o+l" is your rear end. } hair standing on end - (n.) ceginwrych [m.] odds and ends - (n.pl.) petheuach rear end - (n.) pen o+l end - (v.) darfod [dar- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.5. The -bod and -fod Endings">&fod</A>], dibennu [dibenn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, diben- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], diweddu [diwedd-], terfynu [terfyn-] { (perish} <B>Darfod</B> is perish when something dies. } { <B>Darfod</B> is to be over, (to make) no longer to be, to be (or make) dead. "Rydw i wedi darfod" means that "I am dead". } endanger - (v.) enbydu [enbyd-], peryglu [perygl-] endear - (v.) anwylo [anwyl-] endearment - (n.) anwyledd [m.], anwyliaeth (anwylaeth) [f.], anwyliant [anwyliannau, m.], anwylwch [m.] endeavor (endeavour) - (n.) ymdrech [-ion, mf.] endeavor (endeavour) - (v.) ceisio [ceisi-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. cais], ymdrechu [ymdrech-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. ymdrech] ending - (n.) terfyniad [-au, m.] endless - (adj.) annherfynol, anorffen, diorffen endorse - (v.) ardystio [ardysti-], ategu [ateg-], cefnogi [cefnog-] endorsed - (adj.) ardystiedig endorsement - (n.) ardystiad [-au, m.] endow - (v.) cynysgaeddu [cynysgaedd-], donio [doni-], gwaddoli [gwaddol-] endowed - (adj.) gwaddolog endowment - (n.) cynhysgaeth [f.], gwaddol [-ion, mf.] endue - (v.) cynysgaeddu [cynysgaedd-], donio [doni-] endurance - (n.) dioddefgarwch [m.] endure - (v.) dioddef [dioddef-], goddef [goddef-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. goddef], par.hau (para) [par- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>; 3.s. pery, par.ha, para; 2.s.imp. para], ymaros [ymaros-; 3.s. ymerys; 2.s.imp. ymaros] { <B>Dioddef</B> is endure in the sense of surviving pain or hardship. } { <B>Goddef</B> is endure in the sense of tolerate. } { <B>Ymaros</B> is endure in the sense of surviving pain or hardship. } enemy - (n.) cas [caseion, m.], gelyn [-ion, m.], gelynes [-au, f.], ysgar [-ant, ysgeraint, m.] { <B>Gelyn</B> is the usual word for enemy. } energetic - (adj.) egni%ol, grymus, ymdrechgar energy - (n.) egni [-%on, m.], nwyf [m.], ynni [m.] enervate - (v.) gwanhau [gwan- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], gwanychu [gwanych-] enfeeble - (v.) eiddilio [eiddili-], gwanhau [gwan- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], gwanychu [gwanych-] enforce - (v.) gorfodi [gorfod-], rhoi mewn grym { <B>Gorfodi</B> is enforce when you compel obedience. } { <B>Rhoi mewn grym</B> is enforce when you give force to something. } { You "gorfodi i" a person. } enfranchise - (v.) breinio [breini-], rhyddhau [rhydd- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] { <B>Breinio</B> is enfranchise when you give a privilege. } { <B>Rhyddhau</B> is enfranchise when you liberate someone. } engage - (v.) cyflogi [cyflog-] { <B>Cyflogi</B> is engage in service. } become engaged - (v.) dyweddi%o [dyweddi%-] engage oneself - (v.) ymrwymo [ymrwym-] engagement - (n.) cyhoeddiad [-au, m.], ymrwymiad [-au, m.] engender - (v.) cenhedlu [cenhedl-], magu [mag-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. mag; 3.s.pres. subj. maco], peri [par-; 3.s. pair, pa+r; 2.s.imp. pa+r] engine - (n.) peiriant [peiriannau, m.] search engine - (n.) chwiliotydd [-ion, m.], peiriant chwilio engineer - (n.) peiriannydd [peirianyddion, m.] engineering - (n.) peirianneg [f.] genetic engineering - (n.) peirianneg genynnau England - (prop.n.) Lloegr [f.] English - (adj.) Saesneg, Seisnig { <B>Saesneg</B> is English as pertaining to the language. } { <B>Seisnig</B> is English as pertains to the land or the culture. } English - (n.) Saesneg [f.], yr iaith fain English-like - (adj.) Seisnigaidd Englishman - (n.) Sais [Saeson, m.] Englishwoman - (n.) Saesnes [-au, f.] englynion, compose - (v.) englyna (englynu) [englyn-] englynion, composer of - (n.) englynwr [englynwyr, m.] engrain - (v.) dwfnliwio [dwfnliwi-], greddfu [greddf-] engrave - (v.) ysgythru [ysgythr-] engraving - (n.) cerflun [-iau, m.], ysgythriad (ysgythrad) [-au, m.] engulf - (v.) anhuddo [anhudd-], llyncu [llync-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. llwnc] engulfed - (adj.) anhuddol enhance - (v.) chwyddo [chwydd-], mwyhau [mwy- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], ychwanegu [ychwaneg-] enjoin - (v.) erchi [arch-; 3.s. eirch], gorchymyn [gorchmynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, gorchmyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gorchymyn], siarsio [siarsi-] { You "erchi i" a person. } { You "gorchymyn i" a person. } enjoy - (v.) bod wrth ei fodd, meddu [medd-], mwynhau [mwyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] { <B>Meddu</B> is enjoy in the sense of possessing a benefit. } { <B>Mwynhau</B> is enjoy in the sense of receiving pleasure. } enjoyment - (n.) mwynhad [m.] enkindle - (v.) ennyn [enynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>; enyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. ennyn] enlarge - (v.) ehangu (eangu) [ehang-, eang-], helaethu [helaeth-], mawr.hau [mawr.- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], mwyhau [mwy- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], ymhelaethu [ymhelaeth-] become enlarged - (v.) ymehangu [ymehang-] enlighten - (v.) goleuo [goleu-], hysbysu [hysbys-] { <B>Goleuo</B> is enlighten when you shed light (even figuratively) on something. } { <B>Hysbysu</B> is enlighten when you inform someone. } enlist - (v.) ennill [enill-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. ennill], listio [listi-], ymrestru [ymrestr-] { <B>Ennill</B> is enlist when you gain the support of someone. } { <B>Listio</B> is enlist when you add someone to the enrollment (enrolment). } { <B>Ymrestru</B> is enlist when you add someone to the enrollment (enrolment). } enlistment - (n.) ymrestriad [m.] enliven - (v.) bywiogi [bywiog-], sirioli (siriolu) [siriol-] { <B>Bywiogi</B> is enliven when you bring something to life from the dead. } { <B>Sirioli (siriolu)</B> is enliven when you cheer those around you. } enmity - (n.) digasedd [m.], gelyniaeth [f.] ennoble - (v.) urddasoli [urddasol-], urddasu [urddas-], urddo [urdd-] ennui - (n.) diflastod [m.] enormity - (n.) anfadrwydd [m.], ysgelerder [-au, m.] enormous - (adj.) an-wedd, anferth, dirfawr, enfawr enough - (adj.) digon right enough - (adj.) purion right enough - (adv.) purion enough - (n.) <A HREF="./Lesson05.html#digon">digon</A> [m.], gwala [f.] enrage - (v.) cynddeiriogi [cynddeiriog-], ffyrnigo [ffyrnig-], gwylltio (gwylltu) [gwyllti-, gwyllt-] enrich - (v.) cyfoethogi [cyfoethog-] enrobe - (v.) arwisgo [arwisg-] enroll (enrol) - (v.) aelodi [aelod-], cofrestru [cofrestr-], rhestru [rhestr-] enshroud - (v.) amdoi [amdo- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>] ensign - (n.) arwydd (arw+y) [-ion, mf.], baner [-i, -au, f.], banerwr [banerwyr, m.], lluman [-au, m.], llumanwr [llumanwyr, m.] { <B>Arwydd (arw+y)</B> is ensign as a military banner. } { <B>Baner</B> is ensign as a military banner. } { <B>Banerwr</B> is ensign as a military rank. } { <B>Lluman</B> is ensign as a military banner. } { <B>Llumanwr</B> is ensign as a military rank. } enslave - (v.) caethiwo [caethiw-], dwyn yn gaeth ensnare - (v.) baglu [bagl-], rhwydo [rhwyd-] ensue - (v.) canlyn [canlyn-], dilyn [dilyn-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. dilyn] ensure - (v.) cadarnhau [cadarn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], diogelu [diogel-], siwr.hau [siwr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] entail - (v.) gofyn [gofynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, gofyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gofyn], gorfodi [gorfod-] { To ask a question, you "gofyn cwestiwn". To ask a person, you "gofyn i berson". To ask a person a question, you "gofyn i berson am gwestiwn". } { You "gorfodi i" a person. } entangle - (v.) baglu [bagl-], cafflo [caffl-], drysu [drys-], maglu [magl-], nidro [nidr-], rhwydo [rhwyd-] entangled - (adj.) clymog enter - (v.) cofnodi [cofnod-], mewnbynnu [mewnbynn-], mynd i mewn, treiddio [treiddi-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. traidd] { <B>Cofnodi</B> is enter when you record something. } { <B>Mewnbynnu</B> is enter when you put data into a computer. } { <B>Mynd i mewn</B> is enter when you pass into something. } { <B>Treiddio</B> is enter when you pass into something. } enterprise - (n.) anturiaeth [-au, f.] enterprising - (adj.) anturiaethus entertain - (v.) adlonni [adlonn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, adlon- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], coledd (coleddu) [coledd-], difyrru [difyrr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, difyr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], lletya [llety-] { <B>Adlonni</B> is entertain when you entertain an audience. } { <B>Coledd (coleddu)</B> is entertain when you entertain an idea. } { <B>Difyrru</B> is entertain when you entertain an audience. } { <B>Lletya</B> is entertain when you entertain a guest. } entertainer - (n.) difyrrwr [difyrwyr, difyrrwyr, m.] entertaining - (adj.) adloniadol entertainment - (n.) adloniant [adloniannau, m.], difyrrwch [m.] of entertainment - (adj.) adloniadol enthrone - (v.) gorseddu [gorsedd-] enthusiasm - (n.) aidd [m.], brwdfrydedd [m.] enthusiastic - (adj.) brwdfrydig, eiddgar entice - (v.) denu [den-], hudo [hud-], llithio [llithi-] enticer - (n.) hudwr [hudwyr, m.] entire - (adj.) cyfa, cyfan [pl. cyfain], cyflawn, cyfor, cyman, llwyr entirely - (adv.) llwyr entireness - (n.) llwyredd [m.] entirety - (n.) cyfanrwydd [m.] entity - (n.) endid [m.?], hanfod [m.] entomb - (v.) claddu [cladd-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. cladd] entrails - (n.) perfedd [-ion, m.] entrails - (n.pl.) coluddyn [coluddion, coludd, m.] entrance - (n.) dyfodfa [dyfodfeydd, f.], mynedfa [-oedd, mynedfeydd, f.], mynediad [-au, m.] entrance - (v.) taflu i berlewyg entreat - (v.) deisyf (deisyfu) [deisyf-], erfyn [erfyni-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. erfyn], ymbil (ymbilio) [ymbil-, ymbili-] { You "erfyn ar" a person. } entreaty - (n.) ymbil [-iau, m.] entrust - (v.) ymddiried [ymddiried-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. ymddiried] entry - (n.) cofnodiad [-au, m.], mynedfa [-oedd, mynedfeydd, f.], mynediad [-au, m.] { <B>Cofnodiad</B> is the entry that exists in a ledger. } { <B>Mynedfa</B> is the entry that leads into something. } { <B>Mynediad</B> is the entry that leads into something. } entwine - (v.) cordeddu [cordedd-], cyfrodeddu [cyfrodedd-], nidro [nidr-] enumerate - (v.) cyfrif [cyfrif-], nodi [nod-], rhifo [rhif-] enunciate - (v.) datgan [datgan-], mynegi [myneg-], seinio [seini-] { <B>Datgan</B> is enunciate in the sense of stating clearly. } { <B>Mynegi</B> is enunciate in the sense of stating clearly. } { <B>Seinio</B> is enunciate in the sense of pronouncing. } envelop - (v.) amga/u [amg- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>] envelope - (n.) amlen [-ni, f.] envious - (adj.) cenfigennus (cenfigenllyd), eiddigeddus environment - (n.) amgylchedd [-ion, -au, m.], amgylchfyd [m.] environmental - (adj.) amgylchfydol environs - (n.) amgylch [-au, -oedd, m.] envoy - (n.) cennad [cenhadau, cenhadon, f.], negesydd [-ion, m.] envy - (n.) cenfigen [-nau, f.], cynghorfynt [m.], gorfynt [m.] envy - (v.) cenfigennu [cenfigenn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cenfigen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], eiddigeddu [eiddigedd-] { You "cenfigennu wrth" a person. } } enwrap - (v.) amwisgo [amwisg-] ephemeral - (adj.) byr.hoedlog, undydd epic - (adj.) arwraidd epic poem - (n.) arwrgerdd [-i, f.], hanesgerdd [-i, f.] epidemic - (adj.) heintus epidemic - (n.) haint [heintiau, mf.] epigraph - (n.) arysgrif [-ion, -au, f.], arysgrifen [-nau, f.] epilepsy - (n.) yr haint digwydd epipetalous - (adj.) arbetalaidd Epiphany - (n.) Ystwyll [m.] episcopal - (adj.) esgobol episcopalian - (adj.) esgobol, esgobyddol episcopalian - (n.) esgobydd [-ion, m.] episcopalianism - (n.) esgobyddiaeth [f.] episcopate - (n.) esgobaeth [-au, f.] episode - (n.) digwyddiad [-au, m.] epistemology - (n.) gwybodeg [f.] epistle - (n.) epistol [-au, m.], llythyr [-au, -on, m.] epitaph - (n.) beddargraff [-iadau, m.] epithet - (n.) ansoddair [ansoddeiriau, m.] epitome - (n.) crynodeb [-au, m.] equable - (adj.) cyfartal, gwastad equal - (adj.) cychwi%or, cydradd, cyfartal, gogyfuwch, hafal equal to - (adj.) cyfartal a+ of equal length - (adj.) gogyhyd of equal rank - (adj.) cyfradd of equal size - (adj.) gogymaint of equal weight - (adj.) cytbwys equal - (n.) cychwi%or [m.], cydradd [-au, f.] equal - (v.) bod yn gyfartal equality - (n.) cydraddoldeb [m.] equalize - (v.) cyfartalu [cyfartal-] equanimity - (n.) tawelwch [m.] equate - (v.) cyfartalu [cyfartal-], cymharu [cymhar-] equation - (n.) hafaliad [-au, m.] equator - (n.) cyhydedd [mf.] equestrian - (adj.) marchogol equestrian - (n.) marchog [-ion, m.] equilibrium - (n.) cydbwysedd [m.], cymantoledd [m.] equine - (adj.) marchol equinox - (n.) alban [m.], cyhydedd dydd a nos, cyhydnos [-au, f.] equip - (v.) cymhwyso [cymhwys-], paratoi [parato- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>], taclu [tacl-] equipment - (n.) cyfarpar [m.] equipoise - (n.) cydbwysedd [m.], cymantoledd [m.] equitable - (adj.) cyfiawn, teg [tec- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], uniawn equity - (n.) iawnder [-au, m.] equivalent - (adj.) cyfwerth, cywerth equivocal - (adj.) amwys, mwys equivocate - (v.) celwyddo [celwydd-] era - (n.) cyfnod [-au, m.] eradicate - (v.) dadwreiddio [dadwreiddi-], diwreiddio [diwreiddi-] erase - (v.) dileu [dile-], rhwbio allan eraser - (n.) dileuwr [dileuwyr, m.] ere - (prep.) cyn erect - (adj.) syth [f. seth], unionsyth erect - (v.) adeiladu (adeiliadu) [adeilad-, adeiliad-], codi (cyfodi) [cod-, cyfod-; 3.s. cwyd, cyfyd, cod; 2.s.imp. cod, cwyd] ergonomics - (n.) ergonomeg [f.] ermine - (n.) carlwm [carlymod, m.], ermyn [m.?] { <B>Carlwm</B> is ermine as a living animal. } { <B>Ermyn</B> is ermine as a white winter fur. } erode - (v.) treulio [treuli-], ysu [ys-] erotic - (adj.) nwydol, serchol err - (v.) amryfuso [amryfus-], camgymryd [camgymer-], cyfeiliorni [cyfeiliorn-] errand - (n.) cenadwri [-au, f.], neges [-au, -euau, f.] run errands - (v.) negesa (negeseua) [neges-, negeseu-] erratic - (adj.) ansefydlog, gwibiog, od [odi- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>] erroneous - (adj.) amryfus, cyfeiliornus error - (n.) amryfusedd [-au, m.], bai [beiau, m.], camgymeriad [-au, m.], cyfeiliorn [-au, m.], cyfeiliornad [-au, m.], gwall [-au, m.] run-time error - (n.) gwall amser rhedeg erudite - (adj.) dysgedig eruption - (n.) brech [-au, -od, f.], tarddiant [tarddiannau, m.], toriad allan { <B>Brech</B> is eruption as a rash. } { <B>Tarddiant</B> is eruption as a rash. } { <B>Toriad allan</B> is eruption as an outbreak. } eruptive - (adj.) llinorog erysipelas - (n.) fflamwydden [fflamwydd, f.], ta+n iddwf escapade - (n.) direidi [m.], pranc [-iau, m.] escape - (n.) dihangfa [-+u, dihangfeydd, f.] escape - (v.) coedio [coedi-], dianc (diengyd; dihengyd) [dihang- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, diang- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. dianc], osgoi [osgo-] { "Osgoi" is accented on the final syllable, in contrast to the normal rule. } { <B>Coedio</B> has the meanings "beat" or "escape" only in the N. Wales dialect. } escaped - (adj.) dihangol escheat - (n.) sie+d [-iau, f.] eschew - (v.) gochel (gochelyd) [gochel-], osgoi [osgo-], ymochel rhag { "Osgoi" is accented on the final syllable, in contrast to the normal rule. } escort - (n.) cwndid [m.], gosgordd [-ion, f.] escort - (v.) danfon [danfon-; 3.s. denfyn; 2.s.imp. danfon], hebrwng [hebryng-] escutcheon - (n.) arfbais [arfbeisiau, f.], pais arfau especial - (adj.) arbennig [arbennic- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], enwedig, neilltuol especially - (adv.) yn arbennig, yn bendifaddau, yn enwedig espionage - (n.) ysbi%aeth [f.] esplanade - (n.) rhodfa [rhodfeydd, f.] espouse - (v.) cefnogi [cefnog-], dyweddi%o [dyweddi%-], noddi [nodd-], pleidio [pleidi-], priodi [priod-] { <B>Cefnogi</B> is espouse when you advocate something. } { <B>Dyweddi%o</B> is espouse when you marry someone. } { <B>Noddi</B> is espouse when you advocate something. } { <B>Pleidio</B> is espouse when you advocate something. } { <B>Priodi</B> is espouse when you marry someone. } espy - (v.) canfod [can- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.5. The -bod and -fod Endings">&fod</A>], gwylio (gwylied) [gwyli-], ysbi%o [ysbi%-] esquire - (n.) yswain [ysweiniaid, m.] essay - (n.) traethawd [traethodau, m.], ymgais [ymgeisiadau, mf.], ysgrif [-au, f.] { <B>Traethawd</B> is essay as a literary composition. } { <B>Ymgais</B> is essay as an attempt at something. } { <B>Ysgrif</B> is essay as a literary composition. } essay - (v.) osio [osi-], profi [prof-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. prawf] essayist - (n.) traethodydd [-ion, m.] essence - (n.) hanfod [m.], naws [-au, f.], nodd [-ion, -au, m.], rhin [-iau, f.] { <B>Hanfod</B> is essence as the basic nature of something. } { <B>Naws</B> is essence as an indispensable quality. } { <B>Nodd</B> is essence as a concentrated extract. } essential - (adj.) anhepgorol, hanfodol essential - (n.) anhepgor [-ion, m.] establish - (v.) cadarnhau [cadarn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], sefydlu [sefydl-] establish oneself - (v.) ymsefydlu [ymsefydl-] established - (adj.) sefydledig establishment - (n.) sefydliad [-au, m.] estate - (n.) etifeddiaeth [-au, f.], stad [-au, f.], ystad [-au, f.] esteem - (n.) bri [m.], cyfrif [-on, -au, m.], parch [m.] { <B>Cyfrif</B> is esteem when you count something. } esteem - (v.) parchu [parch-; 3.s. peirch*] { <B>Parchu</B> is esteem when you respect someone. } estimate - (n.) amcan.gyfrif [-on, m.], mesuroniad [-au, m.] estimate - (v.) amcan.gyfrif [amcan.gyfrif-], mesuroni [mesuron-] estrange - (v.) dieithrio [dieithri-] estuary - (n.) aber [-oedd, ebyr, mf.], aberfa [-oedd, f.], moryd [-iau, f.] et cetera - (adv.) ac ati etc. - (adv.) ac yn y blaen eternal - (adj.) bythol, tragwyddol, tragywydd eternity - (n.) byth [-od, -oedd, m.], tragwyddoldeb [m.] ether - (n.) ether [m.?] ethical - (adj.) moesegol, moesol ethics - (n.) moeseg [f.] ethnological - (adj.) ethnyddol ethnologist - (n.) ethnydd [-ion, m.] ethnology - (n.) ethnyddiaeth [f.] etiquette - (n.) defod [-au, f.], moesgarwch [m.] etymology - (n.) geirdarddiad [-au, m.] Eucharist - (n.) cymun (cymundeb) [m.] eulogistic - (adj.) canmoliaethus eulogy - (n.) canmoliaeth [-au, f.], molawd [-au, mf.] eunuch - (n.) eunuch [-iaid, m.] euphonious - (adj.) hysain, persain euphony - (n.) persain [perseiniau, f.], perseinedd [m.] Euro - (n.) ewro [m.] Europe - (prop.n.) Ewrop [m.] European - (adj.) Ewropeaidd evacuate - (v.) ymadael a+, ymgilio [ymgili-] evade - (v.) gochel (gochelyd) [gochel-], golaith [goleith-], osgoi [osgo-] { "Osgoi" is accented on the final syllable, in contrast to the normal rule. } evaluate - (v.) arfarnu [arfarn-], gwerthuso [gwerthus-] Evan - (prop.n.) Ieuan evanescence - (n.) diflanrwydd [m.] evanescent - (adj.) darfodedig, diflanedig [diflanedic- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>] evangelical - (adj.) efengylaidd evangelist - (n.) efengylwr [efengylwyr, m.], efengylydd [-ion, m.] female evangelist - (n.) efengyles [f.] evangelize - (v.) efengylu [efengyl-] evaporate - (v.) ageru [ager-], anweddu [anwedd-], ymageru [ymager-] evasion - (n.) gocheliad [-au, m.], osgoad [-au, m.] Eve - (prop.n.) Efa eve - (n.) min nos cease work at eve - (v.) noswylio [noswyli-] eve of festival - (n.) noswyl [-iau, f.] even - (adj.) cydwastad, cyfartal, gogyfuwch, gwastad, llyfn [f. llefn; pl. -ion; llyfn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>] { <B>Llyfn</B> is even in the sense of smooth. } make even - (v.) gwastata/u [gwastat- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>] even - (adv.) hyd yn oed evening - (adj.) hwyrol, prynhawnol evening twilight - (n.) cyflychwr [cyflychwyr, m.] this evening - (adv.) heno evening - (n.) cyfnos [-au, m.], hwyr [m.], noson (noswaith) [nosweithiau, f.] { <B>Hwyr</B> is the late. Just as you can talk about "the late of the day", you can talk about that time of day as "yr hwyr", or "hwyr y dydd". "Un hwyr o haf" would be "one summer evening" ("un noswaith yn yr haf"), but "yn yr hwyr" would be on any evening, and "gyda'r hwyr" would be towards the ending of the day (or any day). } { <B>Noson (noswaith)</B> (that is "gwaith" as in "period", rather than "work") is a period at the end of a day. One evening would be a "noson" or "noswaith", and there is some ambiguity between "evening" and "night". } evenness - (n.) gwastadrwydd [m.] evensong - (n.) gosber [-au, m.], prynhawnol weddi event - (n.) canlyniad [-au, m.], digwyddiad [-au, m.] { <B>Canlyniad</B> is an event that is a consequence. } { <B>Digwyddiad</B> is an event that is a happening. } eventuality - (n.) digwyddiad posibl ever - (adv.) bob amser, byth, erioed, oll, trwy'r amser { "Trwy'r amser" is used mainly in N. Wales. } { <B>Byth</B> is used with the present and imperfect; "byth" with a perfect or pluperfect tense refers to what was then (or had then been) the future. } { <B>Erioed</B> is used with perfect and pluperfect. } for ever - (adv.) byth for ever and ever - (adv.) yn oes oesoedd evergreen - (adj.) bytholwyrdd evergreen - (n.) bytholwyrdd [-ion, m.] everlasting - (adj.) bythol, tragwyddol, tragywydd everliving - (adj.) bythfywiol ever-memorable - (adj.) bythgofiadwy evermore - (adv.) byth, byth bythoedd every - (adj.) pob every day - (adv.) beunydd every day - (n.) diwetydd (diwedydd) [m.] every night - (adv.) beunos (beunoeth) every other - (adj.) bob yn ail in every - (adj.) ymhob everyone - (pron.) pawb everything - (n.) popeth [m.] everywhere - (adv.) ymhobman evict - (v.) didyo [didy-], troi allan eviction - (n.) troad allan [m.] evidence - (n.) prawf (praw) [profion, m.], tystiolaeth [-au, f.] evident - (adj.) amlwg [amlyc- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], eglur, golau [goleu- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], hysbys evil - (adj.) adwythig, anhylaw, annifai, drwg [cynddrwg; gwaeth; gwaethaf], drygionus evil spirit - (n.) anysbryd [-oedd, m.] state of evil - (n.) abred [m.] evil - (n.) adwyth [-au, m.], andras (andros) [-iaid, m.], anras [m.], bariaeth [mf.], camlwrw [camlyryau, m.], drwg [drygau, drygiau, m.], drygioni [m.] evildoer - (n.) drwgweithredwr [drwgweithredwyr, m.] evince - (v.) amlygu [amlyg-], dan.gos (dangos) [dangos-; 3.s. den.gys, dengys; 2.s.imp. dan.gos, dangos] eviscerate - (v.) diberfeddu [diberfedd-] evoke - (v.) galw allan, gwysio [gwysi-], tynnu allan evolution - (n.) datblygiad [-au, m.], esblygiad [-au, m.] evolutionary - (adj.) esblygol evolve - (v.) datblygu [datblyg-], ymagor [ymagor-; 3.s. ymegyr; 2.s.imp. ymagor] ewe - (n.) dafad [defaid, f.], mamog [-iaid, -ion, f.] yearling ewe - (n.) hesbin [-od, f.] ewe-lamb - (n.) oenig [f.] ex tempore - (adj.) byrfyfyr, o'r frest ex- - (pfx.) cyn- { "Cyn-" causes a soft mutation to the affixed stem. } exact - (adj.) cymwys, cywir [cywir- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], dichlyn, manwl [manyl- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], union exact money - (n.) arian cywir, arian pen exact - (v.) codi (cyfodi) [cod-, cyfod-; 3.s. cwyd, cyfyd, cod; 2.s.imp. cod, cwyd], hawlio [hawli-], mynnu [mynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, myn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. myn] exactness - (n.) manylrwydd [m.], manylwch [m.] exaggerate - (v.) chwyddo [chwydd-], gorliwio [gorliwi-] exaggeration - (n.) gormodiaith [f.] exalt - (v.) arddyrchafu (arddyrchafael) [arddyrchaf-], codi (cyfodi) [cod-, cyfod-; 3.s. cwyd, cyfyd, cod; 2.s.imp. cod, cwyd], dyrchafu [dyrchaf-; 3.s. dyrchaif*; 2.s.imp. dyrchaf], mawrygu [mawryg-] { <B>Arddyrchafu (arddyrchafael)</B> is exalt in both the sense of lift up and honor (honour). } { <B>Codi (cyfodi)</B> is exalt in the sense of lift up. } { <B>Dyrchafu</B> is exalt in the sense of lift up. } { <B>Mawrygu</B> is exalt in the sense of honor (honour). } exalt oneself - (v.) ymddyrchafu [ymddyrchaf-] exalted - (adj.) goruchel examination - (n.) ar.holiad [-au, m.], archwiliad [-au, m.] sit an examination - (v.) sefyll ar.holiad examine - (v.) ar.holi [ar.hol-], archwilio [archwili-], chwilio [chwili-], edrych ar, holi [hol-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. hawl], profi [prof-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. prawf] { <B>Chwilio</B> is to search, for example to examine a place for evidence or a lost object. } { <B>Holi</B> is to ask for information, to examine a person for his answers. } examiner - (n.) ar.holwr [ar.holwyr, m.] example - (n.) enghraifft [enghreifftiau, f.], esiampl [-au, f.] { <B>Enghraifft</B> is the usual Welsh word for "example". } { <B>Esiampl</B> is a blatant borrowing of the English "example". } for example - (adv.) er enghraifft exasperate - (v.) cyffroi [cyffro- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>; 3.s. cyffry], cythruddo [cythrudd-], llidio [llidi-] excavate - (v.) cloddio [cloddi-] excavator - (n.) jac-codi-baw [m.] { Earth diggers in the UK are largely made by a company known as JCB, and some wag decided that this stood for "Jac Codi Baw" (Jack Lifts Dirt), by which they are now popularly known. } exceed - (v.) bod yn fwy na, mynd dros, rhagori [rhagor-] { You "rhagori ar" something. } exceedingly - (adv.) dros ben excel - (v.) rhagori [rhagor-] { You "rhagori ar" something. } excellence - (n.) godidowgrwydd [m.], rhagoriaeth [-au, f.], rhagoroldeb [m.] excellency - (n.) ardderchogrwydd [m.] excellent - (adj.) ardderchog, campus, godidog, gorchestol, odiaeth, penigamp, rhagorol except - (prep.) eithr, heblaw, namyn, oddieithr, ond, oni (onid) except - (v.) eithrio [eithri-] exception - (n.) eithriad [-au, m.] exceptional - (adj.) eithriadol excerpt - (n.) detholiad [-au, detholion, m.], dyfyniad [-au, m.] excess - (n.) <A HREF="./Lesson05.html#gormod">gormod</A> [-ion, m.], gormodedd [m.], rhemp [f.], rhysedd [m.] excessive - (adj.) gormodol excessively - (adv.) dros ben llestri exchange - (n.) cyfnewid [-iau, m.], cyfnewidfa [cyfnewidfeydd, -oedd, -+u, f.], ffair [ffeiriau, f.] exchange - (v.) cyfnewid [cyfnewidi-], ffeirio [ffeiri-] exchequer - (n.) cyllid [-au, m.], trysorlys [m.] { <B>Cyllid</B> is exchequer as a supply of money. } { <B>Trysorlys</B> is exchequer as a treasury. } excise - (n.) toll [-au, f.] excise officer - (n.) cyllidwr [cyllidwyr, m.], cyllidydd [-ion, m.] excise - (v.) gosod toll excite - (v.) cyffroi [cyffro- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>; 3.s. cyffry], cynhyrfu [cynhyrf-], ennyn [enynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>; enyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. ennyn] excited - (adj.) cyffrous excitement - (n.) cyffro [-adau, -au, m.] exciting - (adj.) cyffrous, cynhyrfus exclaim - (v.) bloeddio (bloeddian) [bloeddi-], gweiddi (gwaeddi) [gweidd-, gwaedd-], llefain [llef-] exclamation - (n.) gwaedd [-au, f.], llef [-au, -ydd, f.] exclamation point - (n.) ebychnod [-au, m.] note of exclamation - (n.) rhyfeddnod [-au, m.] exclude - (v.) bwrw allan, cau allan, eithrio [eithri-] exclusion - (n.) gwaharddiad [-au, m.], gwrthodiad [m.] excommunicate - (adj.) ysgymun excommunicate - (v.) diarddel [diarddel-], ysgymuno [ysgymun-] excommunication - (n.) diarddeliad [-au, m.], ysgymundod [m.] excrement - (n.) baw [m.], carth [-ion, m.], tom [f.] excrete - (v.) ysgarthu [ysgarth-] excretion - (n.) ysgarthiad [-au, m.] excruciate - (v.) arteithio [arteithi-], dirdynnu [dirdynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, dirdyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] excruciating - (adj.) arteithiol, dirdynnol exculpate - (v.) dieuogi [dieuog-], difeio [difei-], esgusodi [esgusod-] excursion - (n.) gwibdaith [gwibdeithiau, f.], pleserdaith [pleserdeithiau, f.] excusable - (adj.) esgusodol excuse - (n.) esgus [-ion, m.], esgusawd [esgusodion, m.] excuse oneself - (v.) ymesgusodi [ymesgusod-] excuse - (v.) diheuro [diheur-], esgusodi [esgusod-] excused - (adj.) esgusodol execrate - (v.) cablu [cabl-], ffieiddio [ffieiddi-], melltithio [melltithi-], rhegi [rheg-] execute - (v.) cyflawni [cyflawn-], dienyddio [dienyddi-] { <B>Cyflawni</B> is execute when you finish a project. } { <B>Dienyddio</B> is execute when you put someone to death. } execution - (n.) dienyddiad [-au, m.], dihenydd [dienyddiadau, m.] executioner - (n.) dienyddiwr [dienyddwyr, m.] executive - (adj.) gweinyddol, gweithiol, gweithredol executive summary - (n.) crynodeb gweithredol executor - (n.) ysgutor [-ion, m.] exegesis - (n.) esboniad [-au, m.], esboniadaeth [f.] exegetical - (adj.) esboniadol exemplar - (n.) cynllun [-iau, m.], enghraifft [enghreifftiau, f.], esiampl [-au, f.], patrwm [patrymau, m.] exemplify - (v.) dan.gos (dangos) [dangos-; 3.s. den.gys, dengys; 2.s.imp. dan.gos, dangos], egluro [eglur-] exempt - (adj.) esgusodol, rhydd [pl. -ion] exempt - (v.) esgusodi [esgusod-] exercise - (n.) ymarfer [-ion, f.], ymarferiad [-au, m.] exercise - (v.) ymarfer [ymarfer-] exert - (v.) gweithredu [gweithred-] exert oneself - (v.) ymegni%o [ymegni%-] exertion - (n.) ymadferth [-oedd, m.] exhale - (v.) anadlu allan exhaust - (v.) dihysbyddu [dihysbydd-], gwaca/u [gwac- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>], hysbyddu [hysbydd-], lluddedu [lludded-] { <B>Dihysbyddu</B> is exhaust when you make something empty. } { <B>Gwaca/u</B> is exhaust when you make something empty. } { <B>Hysbyddu</B> is exhaust when you make something empty. } { <B>Lluddedu</B> is exhaust when you make something weary. } exhaustion - (n.) gwaca+d [m.], lludded [m.] { <B>Gwaca+d</B> is exhaustion that is emptiness. } { <B>Lludded</B> is exhaustion that is weariness. } exhibit - (v.) arddan.gos (arddangos) [arddan.gos-; 3.s. ardden.gys; 2.s.imp. arddan.gos], dan.gos (dangos) [dangos-; 3.s. den.gys, dengys; 2.s.imp. dan.gos, dangos] exhibition - (n.) arddan.gosfa (arddangosfa) [arddan.gosfeydd, arddangosfeydd, f.], arddan.gosiad (arddangosiad) [-au, m.], ysgoloriaeth [-au, f.] { <B>Arddan.gosiad (arddangosiad)</B> is an exhibition that is a public display. } { <B>Ysgoloriaeth</B> is exhibition as a grant of funds to a student. } exhibitor - (n.) arddan.goswr (arddangoswr) [arddan.goswyr, m.] exhilarate - (v.) bywiogi [bywiog-], llonni [llonn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, llon- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], sirioli (siriolu) [siriol-] exhort - (v.) annog [anog-; 3.s. annog, ennyg*; 2.s.imp. annog], cymell [cymhell- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cymell- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. cymell], cynghori [cynghor-] exhortation - (n.) anogaeth [-au, f.] exhorter - (n.) cynghorwr [cynghorwyr, m.] exhume - (v.) dadgladdu [dadgladd-] exigency (exigence) - (n.) angen [anghenion, m.], galwad [-au, mf.], gofyn [-ion, m.] exiguous - (adj.) bychan [f. bechan; pl. bychain], eiddil, main [pl. meinion], prin [pl. -ion; prin- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>] exile - (n.) alltud [-iaid, -ion, m.], alltudedd [-au, m.], alltudiaeth [f.] { <B>Alltud</B> is exile as a person. } { <B>Alltudedd</B> is exile as a state. } { <B>Alltudiaeth</B> is exile as a state. } exile - (v.) alltudio [alltudi-] exiled - (adj.) alltud exist - (v.) bod [irreg.], bodoli [bodol-] existence - (n.) bod [-au, mf.], bodolaeth [f.] exit - (n.) allanfa [allanfeydd, f.], mynediad allan { <B>Allanfa</B> is a way out or exit. } { <B>Mynediad allan</B> is the act or process of going out. } exit interview - (n.) cyfweliad ymadael exodus - (n.) mynediad allan, ymadawiad [m.] exonerate - (v.) difeio [difei-], esgusodi [esgusod-] exorbitant - (adj.) afresymol, gormodol exorbitant price - (n.) crocbris [-iau, m.] exorcize (exorcise) - (v.) bwrw allan cythreuliaid exotic - (adj.) estron (estronol; estronaidd), tramor expand - (v.) agor (agoryd) [agor-; 3.s. egyr; 2.s.imp. agor], datblygu [datblyg-], lledu [lled-], taenu [taen-], ymagor [ymagor-; 3.s. ymegyr; 2.s.imp. ymagor], ymledu [ymled-] expanse - (n.) ehangder (eangder) [eangderau, m.], ymlediad [-au, m.] { <B>Ehangder (eangder)</B> is expanse that is a wide open space. } { <B>Ymlediad</B> is expanse that is a growing larger of something. } expansion - (n.) ymlediad [-au, m.] expatiate - (v.) ymhelaethu [ymhelaeth-] expatriate - (v.) alltudio [alltudi-] expect - (v.) disgwyl [disgwyli-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. disgwyl], disgwyl am, erfyn [erfyni-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. erfyn] { You "erfyn ar" a person. } expectant - (adj.) disgwylgar expectation - (n.) disgwyliad [-au, m.] expected - (adj.) disgwyliedig expectorate - (v.) poeri [poer-] expedient - (adj.) buddiol, manteisiol expedient - (n.) dyfais [dyfeisiau, f.] expedite - (v.) hwyluso [hwylus-], hyrwyddo [hyrwydd-] expedition - (n.) alldaith [alldeithiau, f.], cyflymder (cyflymdra) [m.], ymgyrch [-oedd, mf.] { <B>Cyflymder (cyflymdra)</B> is expedition when you do something expeditiously. } { <B>Ymgyrch</B> is an expedition on which you embark. } expeditious - (adj.) hwylus, hyrwydd, rhwydd expel - (v.) bwrw allan, deol [deol-], diarddel [diarddel-] expel a member - (v.) diaelodi [diaelod-] expend - (v.) gwario [gwari-], talu [tal-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. ta+l], treulio [treuli-] expense - (n.) cost [-au, fm.], traul [treuliau, f.] expensive - (adj.) costfawr, costus, drudfawr experience - (n.) profiad [-au, m.] experience - (v.) profi [prof-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. prawf] experienced - (adj.) profiadol experiment - (n.) arbrawf [arbrofion, m.] experiment - (v.) arbrofi [arbrof-] experimental - (adj.) arbrofol expert - (adj.) cyfarwydd, hyfedr expert - (n.) arbenigwr [arbenigwyr, m.], un cyfarwydd expiate - (v.) dioddef cosb, gwneud iawn { <B>Dioddef cosb</B> is expiate when you suffer punishment. } { <B>Gwneud iawn</B> is expiate when you make amends. } expiatory - (adj.) iawnol expire - (v.) anadlu allan, darfod [dar- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.5. The -bod and -fod Endings">&fod</A>], marw [def.], trengi [treng-] { (perish} <B>Darfod</B> is perish when something dies. } { (perish} <B>Trengi</B> is perish when something dies. } { <B>Anadlu allan</B> is expire when you breathe out. } { <B>Darfod</B> is expire in the sense of perish. } { <B>Marw</B> is expire in the sense of perish. } { <B>Trengi</B> is expire in the sense of perish. } explain - (v.) egluro [eglur-], esbonio [esboni-] explanation - (n.) eglur.had [m.], esboniad [-au, m.] explanatory - (adj.) eglur.haol, esboniadol expletive - (n.) gair llanw, gair segur explicit - (adj.) eglur, manwl [manyl- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], pendant explode - (v.) chwalu [chwal-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. chwa+l], ffrwydro [ffrwydr-] exploit - (n.) camp [-au, f.], gorchest [-ion, f.], gwr.hydri [m.] exploit - (v.) gweithio [gweithi-], gwneud elw o, ymelwa ar explore - (v.) archwilio [archwili-], chwilio [chwili-], fforio [ffori-] explorer - (n.) archwiliwr [archwilwyr, m.], fforiwr [fforwyr, m.] explosion - (n.) ffrwydrad (ffrwydriad) [-au, m.], tanchwa [-oedd, f.] explosive - (adj.) ffrwydrol exponent - (n.) dehonglwr [dehonglwyr, m.], esboniwr [esbonwyr, m.], mynegai [mynegeion, m.] { <B>Dehonglwr</B> is the exponent who favors (favours) a theory. } { <B>Esboniwr</B> is the exponent who favors (favours) a theory. } { <B>Mynegai</B> is the mathematical exponent. } export - (n.) allfor [-ion, m.] export - (v.) allforio [allfori-] expose - (v.) arddan.gos (arddangos) [arddan.gos-; 3.s. ardden.gys; 2.s.imp. arddan.gos], dadlennu [dadlenn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, dadlen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], dinoethi [dinoeth-], peryglu [perygl-] { <B>Arddan.gos (arddangos)</B> is expose when you reveal something. } { <B>Dadlennu</B> is expose when you reveal something. } { <B>Dinoethi</B> is expose when you reveal something. } { <B>Peryglu</B> is expose when you risk something. } exposed - (adj.) noeth [pl. -ion] exposition - (n.) arddan.gosiad (arddangosiad) [-au, m.], esboniad [-au, m.], esboniadaeth [f.] { <B>Arddan.gosiad (arddangosiad)</B> is an exposition that exhibits something. } { <B>Esboniad</B> is an exposition that explains something. } { <B>Esboniadaeth</B> is an exposition that explains something. } expositor - (n.) esboniwr [esbonwyr, m.] expository - (adj.) esboniadol expostulate - (v.) cyfymliw [cyfymliw-], ymliw (ymliwio) [ymliw-, ymliwi-] exposure - (n.) dadleniad [-au, m.] expound - (v.) esbonio [esboni-] express - (adj.) cyflym [cyflym- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>; cynted; cynt; cyntaf], pendant, penodol { <B>Cyflym</B> is express when your vehicle goes directly to its destination. } { <B>Pendant</B> is express when it is something specific. } { <B>Penodol</B> is express when it is something specific. } express - (v.) datgan [datgan-], mynegi [myneg-] expression - (n.) mynegiant [mynegiannau, m.], ymadrodd [-ion, m.] { <B>Mynegiant</B> is an expression that reflects what you are thinking. } { <B>Ymadrodd</B> is an expression that is a saying. } expulsion - (n.) diarddeliad [-au, m.], troad allan [m.] expunge - (v.) croesi allan, dileu [dile-] expurgate - (v.) coethi [coeth-], glanhau [glan- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], puro [pur-] { "Glanhau" is accented on the final syllable, in contrast to the usual rule. } exquisite - (adj.) coeth, odiaeth, rhagorol extant - (adj.) yn bod extend - (v.) ehangu (eangu) [ehang-, eang-], estyn [estynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, estyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. estyn], helaethu [helaeth-], ymestyn [ymestyn-] { <B>Ehangu (eangu)</B> is extend as a <A HREF="./Glossary.html#transitive verb">transitive verb</A>. } { <B>Estyn</B> is extend as an <A HREF="./Glossary.html#intransitive verb">intransitive verb</A>.} { <B>Ymestyn</B> is extend as an <A HREF="./Glossary.html#intransitive verb">intransitive verb</A>.} extension - (n.) estyniad [-au, m.] extensive - (adj.) helaeth extenuate - (v.) esgusodi [esgusod-], lleddfu [lleddf-], lleihau [llei- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] { <B>Esgusodi</B> is extenuate when you provide a partial excuse for something. } { <B>Lleddfu</B> is extenuate when you diminish something. } { <B>Lleihau</B> is extenuate when you diminish something. } exterior - (adj.) allanol exterior - (n.) tu allan exterminate - (v.) difodi [difod-], dileu [dile-] external - (adj.) allanol extinct - (adj.) diflanedig [diflanedic- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], wedi darfod, wedi diffodd extinction - (n.) diffoddiad [m.] extinguish - (v.) diddymu [diddym-], diffodd (diffoddi) [diffodd-; 3.s. diffydd; 2.s.imp. diffodd], dileu [dile-] { <B>Diddymu</B> is extinguish when you end the existence of something. } { <B>Diffodd (diffoddi)</B> is extinguish when you put out a light or flame. } { <B>Dileu</B> is extinguish when you end the existence of something. } extirpate - (v.) difodi [difod-], distrywio [distrywi-] extol - (v.) arwyrain [arwyrein-], clodfori [clodfor-], mawrygu [mawryg-], moli (moliannu) [mol-; moliann- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, molian- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. mawl] extort - (v.) cribddeilio [cribddeili-], gwasgu [gwasg-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gwasg] extortioner - (n.) cribddeiliwr [cribddeilwyr, m.] extra - (adj.) sba+r, ychwanegol extra - (adv.) dros ben, tu hwnt extra - (n.) peth dros ben, ychwanegiad [-au, m.] extract - (v.) gwasgu [gwasg-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gwasg], tynnu [tynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, tyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. tyn, tynn; 2.s.imp. tyn] extraneous - (adj.) allanol, amherthynol extraordinary - (adj.) anarferol, anghyffredin, hynod extravagance - (n.) gwastraff [m.] extravagant - (adj.) gwastraffus { <B>Gwastraffus</B> is extravagant when you spend wastefully. } extravagant - (n.) gwyllt [-oedd, m.] { <B>Gwyllt</B> is extravagant when you go beyond what is reasonably necessary. } extravagantly - (adv.) dros ben llestri extreme - (adj.) eithaf, eithafol, i'r eithaf extreme pain - (n.) dirboen [-au, f.] extreme - (n.) eithaf [-oedd, -ion, m.] extremely - (adj.) anaelau extremely - (adv.) i'r eithaf, odiaeth extremes - (n.pl.) eithafoedd extremist - (n.) eithafwr [eithafwyr, m.], eithafydd [-ion, m.] extremities - (n.pl.) eithafoedd extremity - (n.) cyfyngder [-au, m.], eithaf [-oedd, -ion, m.], pen [-nau, m.], terfyn [-au, m.] { <B>Cyfyngder</B> is an extremity that is an extreme degree of danger. } { <B>Eithaf</B> is the extremity that is the end of something. } { <B>Pen</B> is the extremity that is the end of something. } { <B>Terfyn</B> is the extremity that is the end of something. } extricate - (v.) dadfaglu [dadfagl-] extroverted - (adj.) allblyg exuberant - (adj.) afieithus, toreithiog exude - (v.) chwysu [chwys-] exult - (v.) gorfoleddu [gorfoledd-], ymffrostio [ymffrosti-] eye - (n.) crau [creuau, m.], dolen [-ni, -nau, f.], llygad [llygaid, -au, mf.] { <B>Crau</B> is an eye that is a socket. } { <B>Dolen</B> is an eye that is a loop. } { <B>Llygad</B> is the eye that is in the visual system. } apple of the eye - (n.) cannwyll llygad eye opener - (n.) agoriad llygad hook and eye - (n.) bach a dolen eye - (v.) llygadu [llygad-] eyed - (adj.) llygadog, llygeidiog eyelid - (n.) amrant [amrannau, -au, m.] eyes - (n.pl.) golwg [golygon, mf.] eyewitness - (n.) llygad-dyst [-ion, m.] </PRE><H2><A NAME="F">F</A></H2> <PRE> fable - (n.) anwiredd [-au, m.], chwedl [-au, f.], dameg [damhegion, f.] { <B>Anwiredd</B> is a fable that is an outright fabrication. } { <B>Chwedl</B> is a fable that represents a deeper truth. } { <B>Dameg</B> is a fable that represents a deeper truth. } fabric - (n.) adail [f.], adeilad (adeiliad) [-au, -oedd, mf.], defnydd [-iau, m.] fabricate - (v.) dyfeisio [dyfeisi-], ffugio [ffugi-], llunio [lluni-] fabulous - (adj.) anhygoel, chwedlonol { <B>Anhygoel</B> is fabulous when something is unbelievable. } { <B>Chwedlonol</B> is fabulous when it relates to a fable. } facade - (n.) wyneb adeilad face - (n.) clawr [cloriau, m.], wyneb (gwyneb) [-au, m.], wynepryd [m.] face to face - (adv.) wyneb yn wyneb face - (v.) wynebu (gwynebu) [wyneb-] facetious - (adj.) arab, cellweirus, ffraeth facetiousness - (n.) arabedd [m.], ffraethineb [m.] facile - (adj.) hawdd [hawdd- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>; hawsed; haws; hawsaf], hwylus, rhwydd facilitate - (v.) hwyluso [hwylus-], hyrwyddo [hyrwydd-], rhwyddhau [rhwydd- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] facility - (n.) hwylustod [m.], rhwyddineb [m.] fact - (n.) ffaith [ffeithiau, f.], gweithred [-oedd, f.] faction - (n.) clymblaid [clymbleidiau, f.], plaid [pleidiau, f.] factious - (adj.) cynhennus factor - (n.) ffactor [-au, f.], gweithredydd [-au, m.] factory - (n.) ffactri [-%oedd, f.], ffatri [-%oedd, f.], gweithfa [-oedd, gweithfeydd, f.] faculty - (n.) cyfadran [-nau, f.], cynneddf [cyneddfau, f.] { <B>Cyfadran</B> is the kind of faculty that teaches in a college. } { <B>Cynneddf</B> is the kind of faculty that is a mental ability. } fad - (n.) chwilen [chwilod, f.], mympwy [-on, m.] fade - (v.) colli ei liw, diflannu [diflann- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, diflan- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], edwi (edwino) [edw-, edwin-], gwywo [gwyw-] faded - (adj.) gwyw fag - (n.) caledwaith [caledweithiau, m.] fag - (v.) baeddu (maeddu) [baedd-, maedd-], slafio [slafi-], ymla+dd [ymladd-] faggot - (n.) ffagod [-au, f.], ffasgell [-i, -au, f.] fail - (n.) pall [m.] fail to - (v.) methu a+ fail - (v.) aflwyddo [aflwydd-], diffygio [diffygi-], ffaelu [ffael-], methu [meth-], misio [misi-], pallu [pall-] { <B>Methu</B> has a sense of breaking, inability through failure, not succeeding despite effort. } { <B>Pallu</B> tends to mean refusing, not succeeding through lack of effort. } failing - (adj.) methiannus failing - (n.) coll [-iadau, m.], ffaeledd [-au, m.], pall [m.] failure - (n.) aball [f.], aflwydd [-au, -ion, m.], aflwyddiant [aflwyddiannau, m.], anghaffael [m.], annhyciant [annhyciannau, m.], meth [-ion, m.], methiant [methiannau, m.], pall [m.] faint - (adj.) diffygiol, gwan [pl. gweinion, gweiniaid; gwann- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], llesg faint - (n.) diffygiad [-au, m.], haint [heintiau, mf.], llesmair [llesmeiriau, m.], llewyg [-on, m.] faint - (v.) diffygio [diffygi-], dyddfu [dyddf-], llesga/u [llesg- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>], llesmeirio [llesmeiri-], llewygu [llewyg-], llwfr.hau [llwfr.- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] faint-hearted - (adj.) gwan-galon (gwan.galon) faint-heartedness - (n.) gwan-galondid (gwan.galondid) [m.] fair - (adj.) berthog, cain [pl. ceinion; cein- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], gla+n [gleni- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], glwys, gweddol, gwymp [f. gwemp], lliwgar, mirain, symol, teg [tec- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>] { <B>Berthog</B> is fair in the sense of beautiful to the eye. } { <B>Cain</B> has a sense of intricacy or (perhaps contrived) elegance. "Celfyddyd gain" is "fine art". } { <B>Gla+n</B> is fair in the sense of beautiful to the eye. } { <B>Gweddol</B> is fair when it expresses a quantity. } { <B>Symol</B> is fair when it expresses a quantity. } { <B>Teg</B> has some of the senses of "clean": a good translation of "teg" as describing a pretty person or view might be "pleasant on the eye". It also has the sense of being unbiased. } fair weather - (n.) hinon [f.] fair - (n.) ffair [ffeiriau, f.] fairies - (n.) tylwyth teg fairly - (adv.) gweddol, pur fairness - (n.) glendid [m.], tegwch [m.] fairy - (n.) un o'r tylwyth teg faith - (n.) coel [-ion, f.], cred [-au, f.], ffydd [f.] { <B>Coel</B> is ultimately to do with omens and casting lots, and tends to get associated with "ofergoel" (superstition) but apart from overtones like this, it is essentially interchangeable with "cred" and it shouldn't ever cause offence to use either to tell someone that you believe what they say, or anything like that. } { <B>Cred</B> is a faith, a religion, a belief. } string in faith - (adj.) ffyddiog faithful - (adj.) cywir [cywir- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], ffyddlon faithful ones - (n.pl.) ffyddloniaid faithfulness - (n.) ffyddlondeb (ffyddlonder) [m.] falcon - (n.) curyll [-od, m.], hebog [-au, m.] fall - (n.) codwm [codymau, m.], cwymp [-au, m.], hydref [-au, m.] fall down - (v.) creinio [creini-] fall ill - (v.) clafychu [clafych-] fall to ruin - (v.) dadfeilio [dadfeili-] fall - (v.) adfeilio [adfeili-], cwympo [cwymp-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. cwymp], disgyn [disgynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, disgyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. disgyn], syrthio [syrthi-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. syrth] { <B>Cwympo</B> prevails in S. Wales. } { <B>Disgyn</B> is used predominantly in N. Wales. } { <B>Syrthio</B> is fall when you stumble. } fallacy - (n.) cyfeiliornad [-au, m.], geudyb [-iau, mf.], hoced [-ion, f.] fallen - (adj.) syrthiedig fallen - (adv.) ar lawr fallibility - (n.) ffaeledigrwydd [m.] fallible - (adj.) ffaeledig fallow - (n.) braenar [-au, m.] fallow land - (n.) asol [-ydd, -au, f.] fallow - (v.) braenaru [braenar-] false - (adj.) anghywir, annilys, anwir, anwireddus, celwyddog, ffals [pl. ffeilsion], ffug, gau, gosod, twyllodrus { <B>Anghywir</B> is the antonym of "gwir" (true). } { <B>Gosod</B> is literally "put in", so by extension some sort of artificial thing such as "dannedd gosod" (false teeth), "gwallt gosod" (a wig) and so on. It was originally just teeth, but people make up new names on the same pattern for all sorts of prosthetic devices, and other artificial things too. I have heard "lawnt gosod" for artificial grass. } accuse falsely - (v.) camgyhuddo [camgyhudd-] bear false witness - (v.) camdystiolaethu [camdystiolaeth-] false accusation - (n.) camgyhuddiad [-au, m.] false messiah - (n.) gau-feseia [-+u, m.] false oath - (n.) anudon [-au, m.] false prophet - (n.) gau-broffwyd [-i, m.] false step - (n.) cam gwag false witness - (n.) camdystiolaeth [-au, f.] falsehood - (n.) anwiredd [-au, m.], celwydd [-au, m.], ffalsedd [m.] falseness - (n.) anghywirdeb [-au, m.] falsify - (v.) anwireddu [anwiredd-], siomi [siom-] falsity - (n.) geudeb (geuedd) [m.] falter - (v.) bloesgi [bloesg-], methu [meth-], pallu [pall-], petruso [petrus-] faltering - (adj.) bloesg fame - (n.) ardduniad [m.], bri [m.], clod [-ydd, mf.], enwogrwydd [m.] familiar - (adj.) adnabyddus, cydnabyddus, cyfarwydd, cynefin, eofn { <B>Adnabyddus</B> is familiar when something is well-known to you. } { <B>Cydnabyddus</B> is familiar when something is well-known to you. } { <B>Cyfarwydd</B> is familiar when something is well-known to you. } { <B>Cynefin</B> is familiar when you are accustomed to it. } { <B>Eofn</B> is familiar when you are overly informal. } become familiar - (v.) cyfarwyddo [cyfarwydd-] familiarity - (n.) cynefindra (cynefinder) [m.] family - (adj.) teuluaidd head of family - (n.) penteulu [pennau teuluoedd, m.] family - (n.) echen [f.], teulu [-oedd, m.], tylwyth [-au, m.] famine - (n.) newyn [m.] famish - (v.) llwgu [llyg-], newynu [newyn-] famished - (adj.) llwglyd famous - (adj.) amlwg [amlyc- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], bannog, enwog [pl. -ion; enwoc- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], hyglod, hynod { <B>Enwog</B> is possessed of a name -- so "well-known", noted only in the sense of being famous. } { <B>Hynod</B> is "hy-"("extreme"), so extremely notable, noteworthy -- so "remarkable", and therefore presumably "remarked upon", noted. } make famous - (v.) enwogi [enwog-] not famous - (adj.) anhynod fan - (n.) gwyntyll [-au, f.] fan - (v.) chwythu [chwyth-], gwyntyllio (gwyntyllu) [gwyntylli-, gwyntyll-] fanatic - (n.) penboethyn [penboethiaid, m.] fanatical - (adj.) penboeth fanaticism - (n.) ffanatigiaeth [f.], penboethni [m.] fanciful - (adj.) ffansi%ol fancy - (n.) crebwyll [-ion, m.], dychymyg [dychmygion, m.], ffansi [f.] pleasing the fancy - (adj.) ffansi%ol fancy - (v.) dychmygu [dychmyg-], ffansi%o [ffansi%-] fang - (n.) blaen [-au, -ion, m.], dant (daint) [dannedd, m.], pig [-au, f.], ysgithr [-edd, -au, m.] { <B>Ysgithr</B> is the usual word for fang. } fanged - (adj.) ysgithrog fantastic - (adj.) ffantasteg, mympwyol, penchwiban far - (adj.) pell [pell- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], pellennig as far - (prep.) hyd [irreg.], tan (dan) [tan- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.5.1. First Conjugation">&prep1</A>; dan- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.5.1. First Conjugation">&prep1</A>] by far - (adv.) o bell ffordd far afield - (adv.) ymhell not far - (adj.) nid nepell put far off - (v.) pellhau [pell- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] remove far off - (v.) pellhau [pell- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] far - (adv.) nepell, ymhell farce - (n.) ffars [m.?], rhith [-iau, m.] fare - (n.) cost [-au, fm.], pris [-iau, -oedd, m.], ymborth [m.] { <B>Cost</B> is the kind of fare you pay for a ride. } { <B>Pris</B> is the kind of fare you pay for a ride. } { <B>Ymborth</B> is the kind of fare you serve for dinner. } fare - (v.) bydio [bydi-] farewell - (adj.) ymadawol bid farewell - (v.) ffarwelio [ffarweli-] farewell - (interj.) ffarwel, yn iach farewell - (n.) ffarwel (ffarwe/l; ffa/rwel) [mf.] farm - (n.) amaethdy [amaethdai, m.], ffarm (fferm) [ffermydd, f.], ffermdy [ffermdai, m.], hafod [-ydd, f.], tyddyn [-nod, -nau, m.] { <B>Tyddyn</B> has the implication of a small farm. } farm bailiff - (n.) hwsmon [hwsmyn, m.] farm - (v.) amaethu [amaeth-], ffarmio (ffermio) [ffarmi-, ffermi-], hwsmona [hwsmon-] farmer - (n.) amaethwr [amaethwyr, m.], arddwr [arddwyr, m.], ffarmwr (ffermwr) [ffarmwyr, ffermwyr, m.] farmhouse - (n.) amaethdy [amaethdai, m.], ffermdy [ffermdai, m.] farmwoman - (n.) amaethwraig [amaethwragedd, f.], ffarmwraig [ffarmwragedd, f.] farrier - (n.) ffarier [m.], meddyg anifeiliaid fart - (v.) pasio gwynt farther - (adj.) pellach { "Pellach" is the comp. of "pell". } farthing - (n.) ffyrling [-au, -od, fm.] half farthing - (n.) hatling [-au, -od, f.] fascinate - (v.) hudo [hud-], rheibio [rheibi-], swyno [swyn-] fascinating - (adj.) swynol fascination - (n.) swyn [-ion, m.] fashion - (n.) ffasiwn [ffasiynau, f.], llun [-iau, m.] fashion - (v.) llunio [lluni-], saerni%o [saerni%-] fashionable - (adj.) ffasiynol fast - (adj.) buan [pl. buain; cynted; cynt; cyntaf], clau, cyflym [cyflym- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>; cynted; cynt; cyntaf], ffest, sownd, tyn [f. ten] { <B>Buan</B> means "fast", but has the additional meaning of "soon". A "tre+n buan" is likely to arrive early, even if it is coming slowly. } { <B>Clau</B> means "fast", but has the additional meaning of "soon". } { <B>Cyflym</B> is fast when you do something quickly. } { <B>Ffest</B> is fast when you do something quickly. } { <B>Sownd</B> is fast when you hold fast to something. } { <B>Tyn</B> is fast when you hold fast to something. } as fast as he can - (adj.) nerth ei draed drive fast - (v.) goryrru [goryrru-] fast track - (n.) trac cyflym fast - (n.) cythlwng [m.], ympryd [-ion, m.] fast - (v.) ymprydio [ymprydi-] fasten - (v.) cau [cae-; 3.s. cae; 2.s.imp. cau, caua, caea], cliciedu (clicedu) [clicied-, cliced-], clymu [clym-], ffasno [ffasn-] faster - (n.) ymprydiwr [ymprydwyr, m.] fastidious - (adj.) cysetlyd, dicra, misi fasting - (n.) cythlwng [m.] fastness - (n.) amddiffynfa [amddiffynfeydd, f.], caer [-au, ceyrydd, f.], lloches [-au, f.] fat - (adj.) bras [bras- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], brasterog, bwr [f. byr], pasgedig [pl. -ion], tew [pl. -ion], tirf { <B>Pasgedig</B> has the sense of having been fattened. } grow fat - (v.) brasa/u [bras- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>] saturated fat - (n.) braster dirlawn fat - (n.) bloneg [m.], braster [-au, m.], gwe+r [m.] { <B>Braster</B> is the usual word for fat. } fatal - (adj.) anaelau, andwyol, angheuol, marwol [pl. -ion] { <B>Anaelau</B> is fatal in the sense of terrible. } { <B>Andwyol</B> is fatal in the sense of terrible. } { <B>Angheuol</B> is fatal when it leads to death. } { <B>Marwol</B> is fatal when it leads to death. } fatality - (n.) marwolaeth [-au, f.], trychineb [-au, mf.] fate - (n.) damwain [damweiniau, f.], ffawd [ffodion, f.], rhan [-nau, f.], tynged [tynghedau, f.], tynghedfen [tyngedfennau, f.] fate - (v.) tynghedu [tynghed-] father - (n.) tad [-au, m.] father - (v.) tadogi [tadog-] father-in-law - (n.) chwegrwn [m.], tad-yng-nghyfraith [tadau-yng-nghyfraith, m.] fatherly - (adj.) tadaidd, tadol fathom - (n.) gwr.hyd (gwryd) [gwr.hydoedd, m.] fathom - (v.) plymio [plymi-] fatigue - (n.) lludded [m.] fatigue - (v.) lluddedu [lludded-] fatigued - (adj.) lluddedig fatness - (n.) tewder (tewdra) [m.] fatted - (adj.) pasgedig [pl. -ion] fatten - (v.) pesgi [pesg-], pwyntio [pwynti-], tewhau [tew- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], tewychu [tewych-] fattened - (adj.) pasgedig [pl. -ion] fatuity - (n.) ffoledd [m.] fatuous - (adj.) disynnwyr, ynfyd [pl. -ion] fault - (n.) anaf [-au, m.], bai [beiau, m.], balc [-iau, m.], diffyg [-ion, m.], ffaeledd [-au, m.], nam [-au, m.] { <B>Anaf</B> is the fault that is an imperfection. } { <B>Bai</B> is the fault that is an imperfection or the fault that is blame for something. } { <B>Balc</B> is the fault that is an imperfection. } { <B>Diffyg</B> is the fault that is an imperfection. } { <B>Ffaeledd</B> is the fault that is an imperfection. } { <B>Nam</B> is the fault that is an imperfection. } faultless - (adj.) di-nam (dinam), diddiffyg, difai, difeius faulty - (adj.) beius, breg, gwallus favor (favour)